Nutrition - EXAM 3

What risk is likely in a child who consumes more than 3 cups of cow's milk daily? a. iron deficiency anemia b. lead poisoning c. calcium toxicity d. protein deficiency

iron deficiency anemia

What are good practices to promote dental health? Select ALL that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Brush after every meal b. See the dentist once per year c. Avoid all sugar d. Eat gummy supplments e. Eat cheese as a snack

- Brush teeth after every meal - eat cheese as a snack

The best time to wean a young child from a bottle is: a. 6 months b. 12 months c. 2 years d. 3 years

12 months

When should cow's milk be introduced into an infant's diet? a. 6 months of age b. 9 months of age c. 12 months of age d. 18 months of age

12 months of age

A patient consumes the following meal: 6 oz pudding 8 oz coffee with 1 tsp sugar 4oz ice chips 6 oz vegetable broth Enter the correct number in the blank (no units of measure). How many ounces did the patient consume? How many mL did the patient consume?

16 oz 480mL

If a patient consumes 4 oz ice chips before a procedure, what liquid amount should be recorded for intakes? a. 4 oz because ice is equivalent to fluid ounces b. 2 oz because ice melts to one half fluid amount c. 1 oz because only a small amount will melt before consuming d. 0 oz because ice is not considered fluid

2 oz because ice melts to one half fluid amount

Which of the following persons would qualify for WIC participation? a. Elderly person b. 2 year old child c. Woman trying to get pregnant d. Homeless 30 year old man

2 year old child

How much weight should a woman with a BMI of 23 gain during pregnancy? a. 10-20 pounds b. 25-35 pounds c. 30-45 pounds d. no weight gain should occur

25-35 pounds

During the second trimester, pregnant women need approximately ____ more calories per day. a. 200 b. 340 c. 800 d. 1000

340

An infant should not consume solid foods before: a. 2 months b. 4 months c. 8 months d. 12 months

4 months

What percent of this meal was consumed? Note the blurred out portions of each food were eaten by the patient

50%

Which of the following persons can receive meals through Meals on Wheels? a. 25 year old disabled woman b. 39 year old pregnant woman who lives in poverty c. 80 year old healthy man that is active d. 62 year old wealthy homebound man in a wheelchair

62 year old wealthy homebound man in a wheelchair

What physical signs are likely to accompany Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)? [mark all correct answers] a. Dark circles under the eyes b. Protruding bones c. Hollow temples d. Swollen, glossy tongue e. Spoon-shaped finger nails

A B C

Which of the following are recommended strategies for feeding kids? Choose all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Make mealtimes fun b. Introduce one new food at a time, in small amounts c. Pair new foods with things they like d. Avoid letting kids grocery shop with their parents e. Have them choose one new food to try each week f. Eat meals together as a family g. Avoid letting kids eat with their hands h. Force kids to try new foods i. Avoid television during meals j. Encourage kids to eat with their friends k. Serve soft, well-cooked vegetables l. Assist with meal preparation m. Positive reinforcement

A B C E F I J L M

Which of the following strategies can help prevent dementia or Alzheimer's disease? Select all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Maintain a healthy body weight b. Regular exercise c. Avoid smoking d. Supplementation with antioxidant nutrients e. Keto diet f. Maintain healthy blood pressure

A B C F

Which of the following are physiological changes that occur with age, which can increase the risk of malnutrition and disease? Choose all that apply [mark all correct answers] a. Bone loss b. Decreased saliva production c. Increased stomach acid production d. Sarcopenia (loss of muscle) e. Loss of belly fat f. Decrease in body wate

A B D F

Which of the following are recommended for good dental hygiene among toddlers and kids? Check all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Brush after meals b. Eliminate bottles c. Only snack on dried fruits d. Consume bottled water instead of tap water e. Consume one cup 100% juice daily for adequate vitamin C intake f. Snack on cheese sticks g. Consume 2 cups of unflavored milk daily

A B F G

Match the disadvantage with the method of obtaining food intake. The task is to match the lettered items with the correct numbered items. Appearing below is a list of lettered items. Following that is a list of numbered items. Each numbered item is followed by a drop-down. Select the letter in the drop down that best matches the numbered item with the lettered alternatives. a. 24-hour recall b. Food record c. Food frequency d. Direct Observation 1. May not accurately represent overall food intakes. 2. Does not reflect short-term or recent diet changes. 3. The most time-consuming method for the patient 4. Method is not useful outside of in-patient situations.

A C B D

Which of the following are physical signs of fluid retention (edema)? Check all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Tight fitting shoes b. Weight loss c. Abdominal distention d. Facial puffiness e. Frequent urination

A C D

Which of the following contribute to the high risk of malnutrition among older adults? Choose all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Taking multiple medications b. Nutrient needs increase with age c. Reduced appetite and food intake due to disease d. Mental issues that may result in forgetting to eat e. High rates of anxiety and depression f. Increased sensitivity to taste and smell g. Decreased ability to absorb certain nutrients h. Difficulty with grocery shopping and cooking i. Chewing and swallowing problems j. Frequent use of dietary supplements

A C D E G H I

Which of the following should be avoided by a lactating mother? Select all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Smoking b. Small amounts of caffeine c. Cannabis d. Small amounts of alcohol e. Peanuts f. Spicy foods g. Dietary supplements h. Very low calorie diet

A C H

What clinical signs accompany dehydration? Select all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Headache b. Light colored urine c. Weight gain d. Dry skin e. Thirst

A D E

What conditions put patients at risk of nutrient deficiencies? Select ALL that apply [mark all correct answers] a. Co-morbid conditions b. Living with family members c. Tracking diet intakes d. Multiple medications e. Behavioral disorders f. Elderly

A D E F

What is the best way to prevent protein from being used for energy during pregnancy? a. Adequate carbohydrate intake b. Adequate fat intake c. Avoid excessive calorie intake d. Eat at least three meals per day

Adequate carbohydrate intake

Consuming fish during pregnancy provides: a. Adequate fatty acids for baby's brain development b. Adequate amounts of carbohydrate to fuel the brain c. Adequate amounts of calcium for baby's bone development d. Adequate amounts of folate to prevent neural tube defects

Adequate fatty acids for baby's brain development

Which of the following is a rule with assessing a person's height and weight? a. Always measure both - don't ask b. Always measure without shoes on c. Only measure height and weight in the mornings d. Always assess after a person uses the restroom

Always measure both - don't ask

Which substances are allowed in moderation during pregnancy? Select all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Alcohol b. Artificial Sweeteners c. Caffeine

Artificial Sweeteners Caffeine

What are common health disparities of individuals with food insecurity in the United States? Select ALL that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Asthma b. Obesity c. Type 2 Diabetes d. Cancer e. Heart disease

Asthma Obesity Type 2 Diabetes Heart Disease

Which action can help us eat more sustainable diets? a. Increase meat consumption. b. Avoid wasting food. c. Buy all of our food at stores or restaurants. d. Consume excess food.

Avoid wasting food.

Which of the following are health benefits of breastfeeding? Choose all that apply [mark all correct answers] a. decreases risk of osteoporosis in the mother b. protects infant against ear infections c. assists with faster loss of pregnancy weight d. rebuilds iron stores for mother e. breastmilk is more digestible than infant formula f. breastmilk is an excellent source of vitamin D g. decreases mother's risk of breast and ovarian cancer h. reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

B C D E G H

Select the items that would be included in the total fluid intake calculation. Select all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Mashed potatoes with gravy b. Chicken broth c. Skim milk d. Pudding e. Coffee f. Cherry-flavored gelatin g. Ice cream shake h. Cream of potato soup i. Tuna salad j. Ensure supplement

B C E F G J

What services does the Registered Dietitian perform in a hospital setting? Check all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. devise meal plans with the patient for the duration of their hospital stay b. assess for nutrition problems c. assess appropriateness of diet order d. insert central lines for parenteral nutrition e. deliver meal trays f. calculate nutrition needs g. monitor tube feedings

B C F G

How long should a baby be breastfed. Select all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Until the baby begins eating food b. Exclusively through six months c. Until the teeth erupt. d. Along with solid foods through the first year. e. Until the baby is not interested in breastfeeding.

B D

Match the benefit with the method of obtaining food intake. The task is to match the lettered items with the correct numbered items. Appearing below is a list of lettered items. Following that is a list of numbered items. Each numbered item is followed by a drop-down. Select the letter in the drop down that best matches the numbered item with the lettered alternatives. a. Direct Observation b. 24-hour recall c. Food Record d. Food Frequency 1. Method is quick and easy. 2. Shows long-term intakes over time. 3. May help control intakes due to increased patient awareness. 4. Helps evaluate acceptability of the diet in a hospital setting.

B D C A

Which of the following are likely reasons why many college students gain weight? Select all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Anorexia nervosa b. Frequent alcohol consumption c. Too much sleep d. Stress e. Lowered BMR f. Lack of physical activity g. Excess consumption of fruits and vegetables

B D E F

Which of the following is a distinct symptom of alcohol overdose? a. Rapid breathing b. Rapid heartrate c. Bluish color of the skin d. Silly behavior

Bluish color of the skin

The primary treatment for obesity includes: a. Restrict calories to promote weight loss. b. Incorporate healthy food choices and exercise and allow them to grow into their weight. c. Force exercise several hours per day to promote a higher metabolism d. Guilt them into eating better by telling them their weight will hold them back from getting the most out of life.

Incorporate healthy food choices and exercise and allow them to grow into their weight.

Why are low carbohydrate diets not recommended during pregnancy? a. Protein intake will be too high b. Carbohydrate fuels the fetal brain c. Adequate fiber is needed for fetal development d. It is difficult to get enough iron and zinc on low carbohydrate diets

Carbohydrate fuels the fetal brain

What is the current recommendation on fish and seafood intake during pregnancy? a. Avoid as much as possible b. Consume less than 8 ounces per week c. Consume 8-12 ounces per week d. Consume at least 3 ounces per day

Consume 8-12 ounces per week

What is the most likely behavior that leads to dental caries in children? a. Consuming carbohydrate foods that stick to the teeth. b. Consuming too many dairy foods. c. Chewing gum with xylitol. d. Drinking water after meals.

Consuming carbohydrate foods that stick to the teeth.

Which dietary assessment does a nurse use to conduct a kcalorie count? a. 24-hour recall b. Direct Observation c. Food frequency questionnaire d. Food record

Direct Observation

Restricting sugar intake usually helps cure hyperactivity among most kids. True False

False

Which of the following nutrients are many teens lacking in their diet? a. Fiber b. Protein c. Vitamin B12 d. Sodium

Fiber

Electrolytes

Fluid imbalance

What would be the most likely concern with a client who has gained 3 pounds within 2 days? a. Fluid retention b. Overeating c. Dehydration d. Hypothyroidism

Fluid retention

To receive a free meal at school, a child must: a. Have a low household income b. Have a learning disability c. Be homeless d. Have at least one chronic medical condition

Have a low household income

Which lab is most useful in identifying long-term blood sugar management? a. HbA1C b. Glucose c. C-Reactive Protein d. Total Lymphocyte Count

HbA1C

Which of the following is a typical diet habit of college students? a. Frequent consumption of low fat foods b. Eating 4-5 meals per day c. High intake of fast foods d. Excessive dairy consumption

High intake of fast foods

Participation in SNAP is solely dependent on: a. pregnancy b. Income c. age d. Enrollment on Medicaid

Income

What is the current recommendation with introducing finger foods to an infant or toddler? a. Avoid finger foods as much as possible b. Only serve raw vegetables as finger foods c. Introduce soft finger foods between 7-11 months of age d. Avoid all finger foods until child is two years old

Introduce soft finger foods between 7-11 months of age

No matter if the infant receives breastmilk or formula, which nutrient should be provided in foods after six months of age? a. Vitamin D b. Iron c. Vitamin C d. Potassium

Iron

What nutrient is most important in infant formula to ensure proper growth and development of an infant? a. Vitamin C b. Folate c. Iron d. Chromium

Iron

Which nutrients are needed in higher amounts during pregnancy? Select all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Calcium b. Fiber c. Vitamin E d. Iron e. Folate f. Vitamin C

Iron Folate

The effects on fetal development from harmful behaviors during the critical period (first trimester) are: a. Irreversible b. Reversed by taking dietary supplements c. Prevented by taking folic acid supplements d. Naturally reversible later in the pregnancy with good caloric intake

Irreversible

What affect does emotional stress usually have on breastfeeding? a. It decreases milk production b. It causes pain during breastfeeding c. It interferes with milk "let down" d. It changes the nutrition composition of the milk

It interferes with milk "let down"

Elderly people are encouraged to focus on getting adequate intake of: a. raw, leafy vegetables b. lean protein c. soy products d. GMO-free whole grains

Lean protein

What is the best way to prevent nursing bottle syndrome? a. Prevent the use of pacifiers that can cause tooth misalignment. b. Avoid bacteria containing foods such as honey so babies don't get sick. c. Avoid bacteria containing foods such as honey so babies don't get sick. d. Limit consumption of carbohydrate-containing drinks before or during sleep to prevent cavity formation.

Limit consumption of carbohydrate-containing drinks before or during sleep to prevent cavity formation.

Alcohol during pregnancy can cause: a. Gestational diabetes b. Preeclampsia c. Low infant birthweight

Low infant birthweight

A woman who has pica during pregnancy can best increase her iron intake by consuming: a. Cow's milk b. Citrus fruits c. Soy milk d. Meat

Meat

Which foods can best increase zinc intake to prevent low infant birthweight? a. Fruits b. Vegetables c. Meat d. Dairy

Meat

Under which section of the nutrition assessment would the patient be questioned about the use of herbal supplements? a. Diet History b. Social History c. Medical and Medication History

Medical and Medication History

Which of the following can help with symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis? a. Supplementation with vitamin A b. Mediterranean-pattern diet c. Red meat at least 3 times per week d. Several servings of dairy products daily

Mediterranean-pattern diet

How much weight gain is needed during the first trimester of pregnancy? a. None b. 2-5 pounds c. 5-8 pounds d. At least 10 pounds

None

Which of the following is provided by the WIC program? a. meat b. money c. Nutrition education d. Ready-made foods hot at purchase

Nutrition education

A poor diet by a lactating mother will result in: a. Nutritional deficiencies of the mother b. Breastmilk that is lacking nutrients c. Breastmilk that is lacking calories d. Poor weight gain of the infant

Nutritional deficiencies of the mother

Which nutrient should be supplemented in a pregnant woman's diet? a. Potassium b. Vitamin C c. Omega 3 fatty acids d. Protein

Omega 3 fatty acids

Which of the following is appropriate to give to an 8-month-old infant? a. Organic almond milk b. Pasteurized yogurt c. Honey d. Grapes

Pasteurized yogurt

What is the biggest nutritional challenge among persons with Alzheimer's disease? a. Person may forget to eat b. High nutrition demands c. Obesity due to significantly lowered BMR d. Lack of taste and smell

Person may forget to eat

A pregnant woman needs an additional 25 grams of __________daily. a. omega-3s b. protein c. fiber d. vitamin D

Protein

An older person with tooth pain and tooth loss may have difficulty consuming enough: a. Carbohydrate b. Vitamin C c. Calcium d. Protein

Protein

Which nutrient is increasingly important with age to prevent sarcopenia? a. Essential fatty acids b. Potassium c. Protein d. Calcium

Protein

Albumin

Protein Status

Which of the following explains why an infant should not be given cow's milk during the first year of life? a. Fat content is too high b. Protein content is too high c. Iron content is too high d. It has growth hormones that can cause early puberty

Protein content is too high

Which of the following snacks would be best for a child's teeth? a. Whole fruit gummies b. Raw apple slices c. Low sodium pretzels d. Vitamin C fortified apple juice

Raw apple slices

Which foods should be avoided during pregnancy? Select all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. Shark b. Raw meat c. Cold deli meats d. Pasteurized cheese

Shark Raw Meat Cold Deli Meats

What formula is a good alternative to one made with cow's protein? a. Soy b. Almond c. Coconut d. Oat

Soy

The best way to prevent neural tube defects such as spina bifida is to: a. Supplement with with folic acid early in pregnancy b. Consume an adequate amount of protein during pregnancy c. Avoid alcohol during pregnancy d. Increase calorie intake during pregnancy

Supplement with with folic acid early in pregnancy

What is the most likely reason for inadequate breast milk supply? a. Supplementation with formula b. Mother is a "non-producer" c. Depression d. Medications

Supplementation with formula

What is the most abundant serum protein routinely monitored in hospitalized patients? a. hemoglobin b. transferrin c. c-reactive protein d. albumin

albumin

How can a parent of a fully breastfed infant know if the baby is getting enough milk to drink? a. They have at least 3 bowel movements daily. b. They have at least 6-8 wet diapers daily. c. They don't cry much between feedings. d. They don't have interest in sucking on a pacifier.

They have at least 6-8 wet diapers daily.

Children should be able to decide how much they want to eat. True False

True

What supplement can help slow vision loss associated with macular degeneration of the eyes in older people? a. vitamin A b. protein c. vitamin C d. vitamin D

Vitamin A

Breast milk lacks which of the following nutrients? a. protein b. Vitamin D c. Calcium d. Essential fatty acids

Vitamin D

When is a pre-natal supplement used in breastfeeding? a. All lactating mothers should continue taking one. b. Pre-natal supplements should only be used during pregnancy, not breastfeeding. c. When a lactating mother is not able to consume a variety of nutrient-dense foods. d. When the lactating mother needs to increase the amount of milk.

When a lactating mother is not able to consume a variety of nutrient-dense foods.

An older person with dental problems who has difficulty eating meat can meet protein needs by consuming: a. Soft, well-cooked vegetables b. Almond or coconut milk c. Canned fruits d. Yogurt and cheese

Yogurt and cheese

Studies show that school academic performance is improved by: a. eating breakfast b. avoiding growth hormones in cow's milk c. bringing their lunch instead of buying it at school d. consuming almond or soy milk instead of cow's milk

eating breakfast

Which of the following is associated with academic success among college students? a. Supplementation with vitamin C b. Intermittent fasting c. Getting at least 100 minutes of exercise per week d. Eating breakfast

eating breakfast

Obese kids are encouraged to: a. restrict calories to less than 1,000 per day b. restrict dietary carbohydrate intake to less than 100 grams per day c. get at least one hour of physical activity daily d. lose excess body weight within 6 months

get at least one hour of physical activity daily

The central role of the nurse in health care makes them well positioned for: a. calculating patients' nutrient needs b. providing medical nutrition therapy c. conducting complete nutrition assessments d. identifying patients at risk for malnutrition

identifying patients at risk for malnutrition

C-Reactive Protein

inflammation

What solid food is best to start feeding an infant? a. iron-fortified infant cereal b. blenderized meat c. soft starches such as pasta and bread d. plain yogurt

iron-fortified infant cereal

BUN

kidney function

What would be the most appropriate response to an obese client who gains 17 pounds throughout their pregnancy? a. express concern for the low weight gain and the effects on the fetus. b. express concern for the excessive weight gain and potential for gestational diabetes. c. let her know the weight gain is appropriate and should not negatively affect the outcome of her pregnancy. d. immediately call the doctor as the fetus is in grave concern.

let her know the weight gain is appropriate and should not negatively affect the outcome of her pregnancy.

What are the most common food allergies in children? Select all that apply. [mark all correct answers] a. broccoli b. Peanuts c. Eggs d. Shellfish e. bananas f. organic cow's milk g. chicken

peanuts eggs shellfish milk

Which diets are typically more sustainable and the healthiest? a. low-carbohydrate diets b. high-protein diets c. the current U.S. diet d. plant-based diets

plant-based diets

Food insecurity is associated with which outcome? a. good health b. academic achievement c. poor cognitive functioning d. proper nutrition

poor cognitive functioning

What are the common symptoms of iron deficiency in kids? a. poor test grades b. difficulty concentrating c. excessive sweating d. both a & b

poor test grades difficulty concentrating

Due to a lack of fruits and vegetables, many teens do not consume adequate amounts of: a. calcium b. Vitamin D c. Potassium d. zinc

potassium

What are the two main signs of malnutrition in an elderly person? a. unintended weight loss and loss of oral intakes b. decreased height and chronic joint pain c. frequent snacking and consumption of energy-dense beverages d. wrinkled skin and dark circles under the eyes

unintended weight loss and loss of oral intakes

Which of the following beverages should toddlers be given throughout the day? a. Milk b. Formula c. Juice d. Water

water