Nutrition Exam 3

Who should be concerned about dehydration?

-The child who is ill with fever or diarrhea -The athlete participating in a vigorous sport -The traveler on a long airplane flight -The elderly man hospitalized for a broken hip

Consuming adequate amounts which of the following nutrients is important for osteoporosis prevention:

-calcium -vitamin D -Magnesium -phosphorus -potassium -vitamin K -protein

Review the information at this link and then check the chronic diseases that physical activity reduces the risk of developing:

-cancer -excessive weight gain -CVD (heart disease, stroke) -hypertension -type 2 diabetes -osteoporosis -despression

Select the following factors that have shown an association with increased cancer risk.

-excessive energy intake and obesity -meat -fried foods -alcohol

Tim recently found out that he has a family history of cancer and now he wants to reduce his risk for developing this disease. Select the following factors that have shown an association with decreased cancer risk.

-increased intake of fruit and vegetables -controlled energy intake and maintaining a healthy BMI -reduction of meat intake, especially red, grilled, and processed meats -reduction of fried foods -increasing consumption of whole grain and fiber -drinking alcohol in moderation if at all -consuming foods rich in vitamins D and calcium -not using tobacco, in any form

Review the chapter 4 and 11 for diabetes mellitus (DM) answer the following question. From the below list, select the actions that can reduce one's risk of developing DM.

-maintain a healthy weight -staying physically active -following the Dietary Guidelines For Americans -For those with a family history of diabetes and for women with a history of gestational diabetes, regular testing for fasting blood glucose levels or screening through glucose tolerance testing

Review the Clinical Perspective for hypertension on pages 513-516 and answer the following question . Select the options that are recommended lifestyle modifications to lower blood pressure:

-weight reduction (maintain a healthy body weight) -DASH or similar eating plan -Aerobic physical activity -Dietary sodium reduction -Limited alcohol consumption

What is the recommended weight gain for a normal weight woman during pregnancy.

25-35

How many calories are in one pound of fat?

3500

The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately ______ of energy consumed each day.

5 to 10%

What is the recommendation for exclusive breast feeding according the American Academy of Pediatrics.

6 months

timely

Does your objective include a time limit? E.g. I will complete this step by MM/DD/YY. Does the time limit help motivate you? Does the time limit help you to establish better time management?

Measureable

How will you track progress and measure the outcome? How will I know when your goal is accomplished?

Which of the following is an example of a SMART goal?

I'm going to eat healthier by incorporating a side salad with 2 tablespoons dressing (or less) at lunch 5 times per week. I will keep a record on my phone and evaluate success at the end of week 2 of this plan

specific

Is the goal defined without using unclear language? Who is involved? What do you want to accomplish? Where will this be done? Why are you doing this? (reason, purpose) Which constraints and/or requirements do you have?

ATTAINABLE/ACHIEVABLE

Is the goal reasonable enough to be accomplished? How so? Is the goal within reach but not below standard performance?

Relevant/Realistic

Is the goal worthwhile and will meet your needs? Is the goal consistent with the other goals with other goals you have established and fits with your short- and long-term goals?

Zinc functions as a part of

Zinc is involved in all of these functions

A weight-loss program is probably a fad diet if it ________.

all of these choices are accurate

What amount of physical activity is recommended for adults by the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans?

at least 150 to 300 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity each week and muscle strengthening activates at least two days per week

What does the A stand for in a SMART goal?

attainable/achievable

For most adults, the greatest portion of their energy expenditure is for ________.

basal metabolism

The ratio of body weight to height is represented as ________.

body mass index

Good food sources of phosphorus include

dairy products, meats, and cereals

The amount of selenium in foods

depends on the amount of selenium in the soil where crops are grown

Exercise leads to development of more lean tissue, which reduces basal metabolism.

false

Fiber promotes bowel health, enhances blood glucose control, and reduces cholesterol absorption, but it does not reduce obesity risk.

false

For an overweight or obese individual, the rate of weight loss should be rapid, until a goal weight is achieved, then a long-term diet should be implemented

false

Long-term, diabetes-related complications include cardiovascular disease, renal (kidney) disease, blindness, and nerve damage. These complications are inevitable and cannot be managed by lifestyle modifications.

false

Regular exercise plays no role in decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes or managing the disease for those with type 2 diabetes.

false

Review "Vitamin C, Cancer, and Heart Disease" and answer the following question. Many studies are showing that vitamin C supplements protect against heart disease.

false

Review chapter 11 on cancer, and answer the following question. Inherited genetic alterations account for 95% of all cancers.

false

Review the following American Diabetes Association web page and answer the following question. The American Diabetes Association recommends making major lifestyle changes to reduce one's risk for developing diabetes.

false

Type 2 diabetes is caused by the consumption of added sugars.

false

With aging the caloric requirement increases.

false

Zinc supplementation is a scientifically proven means of preventing the common cold.

false

Which two vitamins are needed in increased amount during pregnancy because of their role in cell reproduction.

folate and B-12

The most dependable and abundant source of iodide in the American diet is

fortified salt

An ample intake of potassium-rich foods may help protect against

hypertension

When the diet contains more energy than is expended, the excess energy ________.

is stored as fat in adipose tissue

The essential difference between anorexia and bulimia ________.

is that the bulimic turns to food during a crisis or problem, whereas the anorexic turns away from food

What does the M stand for in a SMART goal?

measurable

The most nutrient-dense food source of calcium with high bioavailability is

milk and dairy products

A sound weight loss program should include these key components:

not don't -carbohydrate restriction -a comprehensive list of "good" and "bad" tools

The richest sources of copper are

nuts and dark chocolate

Review Soluble and Insoluble Fibers, and answer the following question. Harvey has a family history of heart disease and wants to increase his soluble fiber, since he read that this can help to reduce his risk of developing CVD. What foods would he consume to increase his soluble fiber?

old-fashioned oats, black beans, and strawberries

The force that develops when two solutions, each with a different concentration of solutes, are separated by a semipermeable membrane is

osmotic pressure

The richest dietary sources of magnesium are

plant products, e.g., green vegetables, beans, whole grains.

The American Cancer Society, the World Cancer Research Fund, the American Heart Association , and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada encourage _______________ diets to promote health and reduce risk of chronic disease.

plant-based

Review the Clinical Perspective for osteoporosis on pages 524-526, and answer the following question. _________ is important for healthy bones, but diets high in this nutrient increase calcium excretion and, thus, may negatively affect bone health.

protein

What does the R stand for in a SMART goal?

realistic

the fluoridation of public drinking water is

responsible for a 40% to 60% reduction in dental caries in children.

Which of the following describes the loss of lean body mass seen in the eldelry?

sarcopenia

Review the Clinical Perspective for hypertension on pages 513-516 and answer the following question. Diets rich in potassium and low in ________ offer the most protection against high blood pressure.

sodium

Minerals most involved in fluid balance are

sodium and potassium

What does the S stand for in a SMART goal?

specific

Most of our dietary chloride comes from

table salt

A major factor contributing to the decline in iron deficiency anemia among poor preschool children in the U.S. is

the special supplement nutritional program for women, infants, and children (WIC) that distributes iron-fortified formulas and cereals

What does the T stand for in a SMART goal?

timely

A healthy weight for an individual should not be based exclusively on weight, but on ________.

total amount of body fat, location of body fat, and presence or absence of weight-related medical problems

sodium

transmits electrical impulses through nerve cells

Environmental factors are important influences on what we eat.

true

High intakes of added sugars can increase the risk of weight gain and obesity.

true

Low Birth Weight is associated with lower IQ, short statue and educational disadvantage.

true

Maternal obesity increases a child's risk of obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and asthma throughout life

true

Review the Clinical Perspective for cardiovascular disease (CVD) , and answer the following question. The risk factors for CVD that can be modified are blood cholesterol levels, blood triglyceride levels, hypertension (high blood pressure), smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity.

true

Review the Clinical Perspective for osteoporosis on pages 524-526, and answer the following question. Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking are both factors associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis.

true

Review the Clinical Perspective for osteoporosis on pages 524-526, and answer the following question. In addition to a healthful diet, there are other strategies that can help to build and maintain peak bone mass, thereby preventing osteoporosis.

true

Review the information on this American Heart Association web page and answer the following question. Many elements of the DASH diet are good sources of potassium.

true

The American Institute for Cancer Research has released diet and health guidelines which stress the importance of choosing a diet rich in plant-based foods.

true

When iron-deficiency anemia occurs in the elderly, diminished appetite with low food intake is often the cause

true

Whole grains, nuts, legumes, and tea are the best sources of manganese.

true

Which of the following nutrient are required in larger than amounts during lactation then during pregnancy.

vitamin A

Which of the following is likely to be deficient in the elderly.

vitamin B-12

Which nutrient increases the absorption of non-heme iron by reducing ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+)?

vitamin C

All of the following EXCEPT--increase iron absorption.

vitamin D

The requirement for which of the following vitamins increase in the elderly?

vitamin D

The human body has more of this substance (by weight) than any other substance.

water

What are the W's that will help you make sure your goal is specific?

who what When Where Why