Nutrition Exam 3 Practice Tests Chapters 10-14

Rank the following foods in order of their vitamin C content, from highest (1) to lowest (4) - 1/2 cup cooked broccoli - 1 medium orange - 1/2 cup raw red bell pepper - 3/4 cup tomato juice

1. 1/2 cup raw red bell pepper 2. 1 medium orange 3. 1/2 cup cooked broccoli 4. 3/4 cup tomato juice

A man consumed the following folate-containing foods for lunch: - 2 slices of fortified bread = 14 micrograms of food folate, 48 micrograms of synthetic folate - 4 tablespoons of peanut butter = 47 micrograms of food folate - 1/2 cup carrot sticks = 12 micrograms of food folate - 1 orange = 48 micrograms of food folate - 2 graham crackers = 5 micrograms of food folate, 8 micrograms of synthetic folate How many milligrams of folate did his lunch provide?

222

Suppose that a soup recipe calls for two teaspoons of salt. How many milligrams of sodium is that?

4,800 mg

At what percent of body weight loss as a result of dehydration does someone experience headache, sleepiness, and an increase respiratory rate?

5-6%

A sedentary 40-year-old man expeneds 2,200 kcalories per day. Calculate the water recommendation for the sedentary 40-year-old male

8.8 cups

A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that regulates blood pressure by increasing the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys

Aldosterone

A hormone involved in blood pressure regulation

Angiotensin II

___________ therapy may lead to a secondary deficiency of vitamin K because bacteria provide some of the vitamin K necessary to meet its RDA

Antibiotic

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland in response to dehydration (or hypernatremia) that stimulates the kidney to reabsorb more water

Antidiuretic hormone

Degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis is a symptom of the deficiency of what B vitamin?

B12

What pigment masks the beta-carotene in dark green, leafy vegetables?

Chlorophyll

What is an essential nutrients is commonly grouped with the B vitamins, even though it is not defined as a vitamin?

Choline

Which Trace Mineral? - Deficiency Symptoms: Bone abnormalities - Toxicity Symptoms: Liver damage

Copper

What is the high energy compound in muscle cells used to replenish ATP?

Creatine phosphate

Can help prevent spina bifida and other neural tube defects

Folate

Which Trace Mineral? - Deficiency Symptoms: Goiter, cretinism - Toxicity Symptoms: Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), goiter

Iodine

Which Trace Mineral? - Deficiency Symptoms: Anemia - Toxicity Symptoms: Gastrointestinal (GI) distress

Iron

Red peppers, tomatoes, pink grapefruit, and watermelon are rich in _____________, which may defend against cancer and heart disease by protecting DNA from oxidative damage

Lycopene

Which Trace Mineral? - Deficiency Symptoms: Rare - Toxicity Symptoms: Nervous system disorders

Manganese

Can be made from the amino acid tryptophan

Niacin

Liver damage is a symptom of the deficiency of what B vitamin?

Niacin

What conditions results from a niacin deficiency?

Pellagra

An enzyme from the kidneys that hydrolyzes the protein angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, causing the kidneys to reabsorb sodium

Renin

Retinal, the aldehyde form of vitamin A, is part of the visual pigment ______________, which is essential to see objects in dim light.

Rhodopsin

Also known as B2

Riboflavin

Cracks and redness at corners of the mouth is a symptom of the deficiency of what B vitamin?

Riboflavin

Which Trace Mineral? - Deficiency Symptoms: Keshan disease - Toxicity Symptoms: Rash, fatigue, garlic breath odor

Selenium

Deficiency to a condition known as beriberi

Thiamin

________________ is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption by an individual at sea level

VO2max

Requires intrinsic factor for absorption

Vitamin B12

Microcytic anemia is a symptom of the deficiency of what B vitamin?

Vitamin B6

Which Trace Mineral? - Deficiency Symptoms: Growth retardation, impaired immune function - Toxicity Symptoms: Vomiting, diarrhea, headache

Zinc

If one consumes a diet inadequate in calcium, which of the following will NOT occur? a. Blood calcium levels will drop below normal b. Parathyroid hormone will be released c. Vitamin D will be activated d. Bone calcium will decrease

a. Blood calcium levels will drop below normal

Which symptom would NOT be expected in someone with calcium toxicity? a. Diarrhea b. Urinary stone formation c. Kidney dysfunction d. Malabsorption of iron and other minerals

a. Diarrhea

Which trace mineral is a component of two thyroid hormones that help regulate growth, development, and metabolic rate? a. Iodine b. Selenim c. Copper d. Manganese

a. Iodine

From which food would a vegan get the most calcium? a. Tofu b. Peanut butter c. Tomato juice d. Strawberries

a. Tofu

Which of the following occurs in the first stage of iron deficiency? a. Iron stores decline b. Hemoglobin levels fall c. Red blood cell count falls d. Hemoglobin synthesis declines

a. iron stores decline

Which food provides the most selenium? a. Clams b. Brazil nuts c. Liver d. Spinach

b. Brazil nuts

Which of the following groups has an increased need for vitamin C? a. Older people b. Cigarette smokers c. Teenagers d. Sedentary people

b. Cigarette smokers

To emphasize muscle power, which of the following will help the most? a. Combine high resistance with a low number of repetitions b. Combine moderate resistance with high velocity c. Combine less resistance with more repetitions d. combine high resistance with more repetitions

b. Combine moderate resistance with high velocity

Which of the following is the vitamin D derived from plant foods in the diet? a. Cholecalciferol b. Ergocalciferol c. Calbindin d. 7-dehydrocholesterol

b. Ergocalciferol

Which of the following is NOT a result of cardiorespiratory conditioning? a. Improved circulation b. Increased resting pulse rate c. Reduced blood pressure d. Increased cardiac output

b. Increased resting pulse rate

Which of the following is true about osteoporosis? a. It commonly occurs in men over the age of 45 years b. it has virtually no effect on blood calcium levels c. It results from a short-term inadequate calcium intake d. It causes significant alterations in the blood levels of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

b. It has virtually no effect on blood calcium levels

Toxicity of which mineral may cause calcification of non-skeletal tissues, particularly of the kidneys? a. Calcium b. Phosphorous c. Chloride d. Sodium

b. Phosphorous

Which of the following statements is NOT true of iodine? a. Iodine is an integral part of thyroid hormone b. Plants of the cabbage family naturally contain goitrogens, which stimulate iodine uptake by the thyroid gland, increasing its hormone production c. Children with a mild iodine deficiency will have goiters and perform poorly in school d. A woman with a severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy may give birth to a child with cretinism, which is characterized by an extreme and irreversible mental impairment and stunted physical growth

b. Plants of the cabbage family naturally contain goitrogens, which stimulate iodine uptake by the thyroid gland, increasing its hormone production

Which of the following is not a major role of Vitamin A? a. Supports reproduction b. Prevents acne c. Active in vision d. Regulates growth

b. Prevents acne

Which one of the following steps can help minimize vitamin losses? a. Keep fresh fruits and vegetables at room temperature b. Rinse fruits and vegetables before cutting, not after c. Store fruits and vegetables uncovered d. Avoid microwaving vegetables; boil instead

b. Rinse fruits and vegetables before cutting, not after

Which compounds in coffee and tea reduces iron absorption? a. Phytates b. Tannic acid c. MFP factor d. Heme

b. Tannic acid

What symptom is an early indicator of scurvy?

bleeding gums

Vitamin K plays a key role in _________ and in the metabolism of bone proteins

blood clotting

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of a vitamin and mineral supplement for athletes? a. They have been shown to improve performance if taken right before an event b. Athletes have higher vitamin and mineral requirements that cannot be met through food alone c. Athletes who do not meet their increase energy needs to fuel their activities may need to take a vitamin and mineral supplement d. All studies indicate that high doses of vitamin E seem to protect against exercise-induced oxidative stress

c. Athletes who do not meet their increased energy needs to fuel their activities may need to take a vitamin and mineral supplement

Which vegetable has the most bioavailable calcium? a. Swiss chard b. Spinach c. Brussels sprouts d. Rhubarb

c. Brussels sprouts

Which of the following statements regarding iron is NOT true? a. Vegetarians need 1.8 times more iron as compared with omnivores make up for the low bioavailability of iron in their food selections b. The bioavailability of iron is high in meats, fish, and poultry; intermediate in grains and legumes; and low in most vegetables, especially those containing oxalates, such as spinach c. Foods, especially acidic foods, cooked in iron cookware take up iron salts released from the pan, and this iron source is absorbed well d. Iron supplements are absorbed better when taken between meals or on an empty stomach with liquids (other than milk, tea, or coffee, which inhibit absorption) rather than with meals

c. Foods, especially acidic foods, cooked in iron cookware take up iron salts released from the pan, and this iron source is absorbed well

Which food component is an isoflavone found in soy foods that inhibit blood vessel development and alters estrogen activity in the body? a. Lignans b. Lycopene c. Genistein d. Plant sterols

c. Genistein

Which of the following ergogenic aids increases the risk of acromegaly and a shortened life span? a. Creatine b. DHEA c. Human growth hormone (hGH) d. Beta-hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB)

c. Human growth hormone (hGH)

All of the following statements regarding what lead does in the body are true, EXCEPT: a. Lead is chemically similar to iron, calcium, and zinc, and displaces them from some metabolic sites they normally occupy so that they are unable to perform their functions b. lead interacts with white blood cells, impairing their ability to fight infection c. Lead competes with calcium in the brain so that it cann signal messages from nerve cells d. Lead competes with iron in heme, but it cannot carry oxygen

c. Lead competes with calcium in the brain so that it can signal messages from nerve cells

From which food group do most people get their riboflavin? a. Fruits and vegetables b. Breakfast cereals c. Milk and milk products d. Meat and other proteins

c. Milk and milk products

Which is NOT a benefit of physical activity? a. Lower chance of having severe anxiety b. Lower risk of gallbladder disease c. Reduced risk of kidney stones d. Improved immunity

c. Reduced risk of kidney stone

All of the following are recommendations to help prevent the onset of osteoporosis, EXCEPT: a. Eat the recommended amounts of calcium and vitamin D every day b. Perform regular physical activity combined with an adequate calcium intake to maximize bone density in children and adolescents c. Restrict kcalorie intake to maintain a low body mass index (BMI) d. Avoid consuming diets containing excessive amounts of protein, sodium, and caffeine

c. Restrict kcalorie intake to maintain a low body mass index (BMI)

Which is a trace mineral? a. Calcium b. Phosphorous c. Selenium d. Potassium

c. Selenium

If someone is doing intensive training and needs to eat something, what would be the best choice? a. Popcorn b. Low-fat yogurt c. Trail mix d. Ice cream

c. Trail mix

Which statement is true of vitamin C? a. Vitamin C gains electrons easily, allowing it to perform as an antioxidant b. vitamin C hinders the absorption of iron c. Vitamin C is essential in the formation of collagen d. Vitamin C needs are decreased during times of physical and emotional stress

c. Vitamin C is essential in the formation of collagen

Which mineral interaction, deficiency, or toxicity is NOT described accurately? a. A selenium deficiency halts the activation of the iodine-containing thyroid hormone b. A slight manganese overload may worsen iron deficiency c. Zinc influence the synthesis, storage, and release of insulin, while chromium enhance insulin activity d. Iron deficiency makes the body more susceptible to lead poisoning

c. Zinc influences the synthesis, storage, and release of insulin, while chromium enhances insulin activity

One study was terminated ahead of schedule when it was found that beta-carotene supplements might be tied to a higher risk of _____________

cancer

Which Activity? - Frequency: 5 to 7 days/week - Examples: Running, cycling

cardiorespiratory

Vitamin E deficiency is more likely to be seen in someone with ________________

cystic fibrosis

Jules is a 138-pound runner who regularly competes in marathons. When he is in training, he requires 3300 kcalories per day. What is his protein RDA in grams per day when he is not training? a. 5 g/day b. 10 g/day c. 25 g/day d. 50 g/day

d. 50 g/day

A recommended pregame meal includes plenty of fluids and provides a. Between 300 and 800 kcalories, mostly from fat-rich foods b. High-fiber foods such as high-bran cereals and raw vegetables c. Between 800 to 100 kcalories, mostly from protein-rich foods d. Between 300 and 800 kcalories, mostly from high-carbohydrate, low-fiber foods

d. Between 300 and 800 kcalories, mostly from high-carbohydrate, low-fiber foods

Which of the following might be a consequence of taking high-dose supplements of vitamin A? a. Acne would disappear b. Keratinization of tissues would occur c. Xerophthalmia would occur d. Congenital disabilities would occur when taken during pregnancy

d. Congenital disabilities would occur when taken during pregnancy

Which of the following is true about vitamin D synthesis? a. Smog or heavy cloud cover does not block the sun's ultraviolet rays that promote vitamin D synthesis in the skin b. Tanning lamps do not stimulate vitamin D synthesis c. Sunscreens with an SPF of 10 or above prevent the synthesis of vitamin D d. Dark-skinned people require more sunlight exposure than light-skinned people to make an equivalent amount of vitamin D

d. Dark-skinned people require more sunlight exposure than light-skinned people to make an equivalent amount of vitamin D

Which of the following foods is the best source of Vitamin A? a. Whole wheat bread b. Tomatoes c. Chicken d. Liver

d. Liver

Which statement is true of potassium? a. Potassium is a negatively charged ion b. Potassium is the body's principal extracellular cation c. Potassium toxicity occurs regularly because so many processed foods are fortified with it d. Potassium deficiency can cause kidney stones

d. Potassium deficiency can cause kidney stones

Which is the most significant contributor of sodium in the American diet? a. Salt added in cooking b. Salt sprinkled on foods at the table c. Naturally occurring sodium in fresh fruits and vegetables d. Processed foods

d. Processed foods

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body? a. Participating in metabolic reactions b. Maintaining the structure of large molecules such as proteins and glycogen c. Maintaining blood volume d. Serving as a source of energy

d. Serving as a source of energy

If an endurance athlete exercises for more than one hour, what would be the best beverage to consume? a. Cool water b. Undiluted fruit juices c. Carbonated beverages d. Sports drinks

d. Sports drinks

All of the following are features of specific ergogenic aids, EXCEPT: a. Carnitine supplements neither raise muscle carnitine concentrations nor enhance exercise performance b. Caffeine may enhance short-term, high-intensity performance c. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation may cause unpleasant side effects such as diarrhea in some athletes d. Supplements of beta-alanine have not been shown to raise the concentration of muscle carnosine, which enhances the muscles' buffering capacity

d. Supplements of beta-alanine have not been shown to raise the concentration of muscle carnosine, which enhances the muscles' buffering capacity

Which factor does NOT determine a vitamins bioavailability? a. Whether it is synthetic or naturally occurring b. Food preparation method c. The consumer's nutrition status d. The consumer's hydration status

d. The consumer's hydration status

Which of the following is NOT a role of zinc? a. Zinc is a part of insulin and many enzymes b. Zinc assists in immune function and in growth and development c. Zinc is needed to make retinol-binding protein that transports vitamin A. d. Zinc does not influence behavior and learning performance

d. Zinc does not influence behavior and learning performance

_______- soluble vitamins are more likely to reach toxic levels in the body

fat

Because it is difficult to excrete iron once it is in the body, iron balance is maintained primarily through absorption. The iron storage protein _________ captures surplus iron from food and stores it in the mucosal cells of the small intestine. When the body needs iron, the storage protein releases some iron to an iron transport protein called __________. If the body does not need iron, the dietary iron is carried out when the intestinal cells are shed (every three to five days) and excrete in the feces.

ferritin, transferrin

Which Activity? - Frequency: 2 to 7 days/week - Examples: Yoga

flexibility

What imbalance has the symptom of flushed skin?

heat stroke

What imbalance has the symptom of throbbing headache?

heat stroke

Infants are injected with vitamin K shortly after birth to prevent _______________ because they are born with a sterile intestinal tract

hemorrhagic disease

Muscle glycogen stores become depleted after an intense physical activity. The best way to replenish muscle glycogen stores after physical activity is to consume a _____ ____________ _______ ___ ________ within ___ hour/hours after exercise completion

high carbohydrate meal or snack, 2

What imbalance has the symptom of seizure?

hyponatremia

What imbalance has the symptom of vomiting?

hyponatremia

What imbalance has the symptom of drowsiness?

hypothermia

What imbalance has the symptom of slurred speech?

hypothermia

Vitamin A deficiency is a major problem in developing countries; it is responsible for 367 deaths a day linked to what illness?

measles

Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, defending lipids in the cell membrane against __________ damage

oxidative

Compounds, such as beta-carotene, that can be converted into active vitamins are known as ______________

precursors

The vitamin C deficiency disease is known as __________

scurvy

Which Activity? - Frequency: 2 to 3 days/week - Examples: Pull-ups, sit-ups

strength

(True or False) Many of the symptoms associated with iron deficiency are often mistaken for behavioral or motivational problems

true

Vitamin E is found predominantly in _________ and appears to be one of the least toxic of the fat-soluble vitamins

vegetable oils