Nutrition Final
Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: It is better to be aware of and accept our feelings than to deny them. Select one: a. Emotional b. Social c. Intellectual d. Occupational e. Spiritual f. Physical
a. Emotional
A chemist would like to develop butter product that includes omega-3 fatty acids and a phytochemical which may reduce the risk of heart disease. The chemist is trying to develop a(n) Select one: a. Functional food b. Balanced diet c. Essential nutrient d. Weight loss aid e. Supplement
a. Functional food
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? Select one: a. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. b. The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. c. The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins. d. In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins.
a. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. LDL transports cholesterol from the liver to other tissues. b. Having high HDL cholesterol is associated with increased risk of heart disease. c. A diet that is high in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels. d. Foods that contain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to human cells.
a. LDL transports cholesterol from the liver to other tissues.
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy. b. To achieve optimal health, you should individualize your diet to match your blood type, eye color, and other physical characteristics. c. Regardless of their ages and physical conditions, people never need to take dietary supplements that include vitamins and minerals. d. By taking dietary supplements that provide nutrients and phytochemicals, people can maintain good health without eating foods.
a. Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy.
A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. Which of the following credentials indicates that the author is likely to be a reliable source of food and nutrition information? Select one: a. RD b. DM c. MD d. RN e. MS
a. RD
The amount of a vitamin or mineral that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for that nutrient. Select one: a. RDA b. UL c. %DV d. EAR
a. RDA
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? Select one: a. Raw tomatoes b. Tortilla chips c. Oatmeal cookie d. Margarine
a. Raw tomatoes
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases. b. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to display structure/function claims on package labels. c. The FDA must review every health-related claim before a dietary supplement manufacturer can display the claim on a label. d. The FDA has established Daily Values for nonnutrient dietary supplements.
a. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases.
Metabolism is Select one: a. The total of all chemical reactions that occur in cells b. A way of living c. A form of energy d. The rate at which cells produce energy e. A person's typical pattern of food choices
a. The total of all chemical reactions that occur in cells
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men. b. A person's body size doesn't influence the rate at which he or she metabolizes alcohol. c. Women make higher amounts of an enzyme that helps metabolize alcohol, so they sober up faster than men, after drinking the same amounts of alcohol. d. When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men.
a. When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men.
Which of the following substances is a dietary essential? Select one: a. alpha-linolenic acid b. lecithin c. high-density lipoprotein d. cholesterol
a. alpha-linolenic acid
Derek consumes a protein-rich drink before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the drink to his diet. His report about the positive effects of the special drink is an example of a(an) Select one: a. anecdote b. scientific conclusion c. peer review d. testimonial
a. anecdote
A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a (an) Select one: a. antioxidant b. teratogen c. free radical d. carcinogen e. amino acid
a. antioxidant
Which of the following substances emulsifies lipids during digestion? Select one: a. bile salts b. pancreatic lipase c. salivary amylase d. soluble fiber
a. bile salts
Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of Select one: a. breast cancer. b. low blood pressure. c. post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. d. thyroid enlargement. e. vitamin toxicity syndrome.
a. breast cancer.
Which of the following foods contributes large amounts of trans fat in American diets? Select one: a. commercial baked goods b. salad dressings c. liquid corn oil d. chocolate and candies
a. commercial baked goods
Marla is a healthy 30-year-old woman. She doesn't work out, but she consumes protein supplements because she thinks they will increase her muscle mass without the need to exercise. Based on this information, the excess amino acids in her diet will be mostly Select one: a. converted into carbon skeletons and ammonia. b. preferentially metabolized for energy over carbohydrates. c. excreted undigested in her stools and urine. d. added to her muscle tissue.
a. converted into carbon skeletons and ammonia.
Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch? Select one: a. corn, potatoes, and rice b. liver, apples, and cheese c. egg whites, fat-free milk, and honey d. beef, seafood, and chicken
a. corn, potatoes, and rice
The best way to reduce your risk of cancer is to Select one: a. eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily. b. take dietary supplements that contain vitamins C and E. c. consume a high glycemic diet. d. eat red and processed meats at least 3 times per week.
a. eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily.
Parathyroid hormone Select one: a. enhances the body's ability to absorb and retain calcium. b. signals bone cells to take up calcium from the bloodstream. c. enables glucose to enter cells. d. increases the body's rate of potassium excretion.
a. enhances the body's ability to absorb and retain calcium.
Paige is 6-weeks pregnant. Although Paige drank alcohol before she became pregnant, she refuses to drink any alcohol now, because she does not want to have a baby born with Select one: a. fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. b. heart disease. c. pancreatic cancer. d. cirrhotic liver disease. e. hepatitis.
a. fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has Select one: a. gallstones b. aneurysms c. constipation d. colitis
a. gallstones
Devon has a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells. Based on this information, Devon probably Select one: a. has difficulty swallowing. b. experiences constipation frequently. c. bruises easily. d. rms smaller than normal blood cells.
a. has difficulty swallowing.
Your body needs iodine for Select one: a. maintaining normal thyroid function. b. transporting proteins in lymph. c. carrying oxygen in blood. d. making essential fatty acids.
a. maintaining normal thyroid function.
Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should Select one: a. not worry, because she is not constipated. b. increase her intake of high-fiber foods and fiber wafers to relieve her chronic constipation. c. take a gentle laxative so she has at least one bowel movement daily. d. avoid eating peppermint and dark chocolate because these foods can worsen constipation.
a. not worry, because she is not constipated.
Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals? Select one: a. potassium, magnesium, and sodium b. sodium, copper, and potassium c. calcium, phosphorus, and zinc d. iron, fluoride, and selenium
a. potassium, magnesium, and sodium
A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. Based on this information, the compound is a Select one: a. saturated fatty acid b. polyunsaturated fatty acid c. sterol d. essential fatty acid
a. saturated fatty acid
Chyme is the Select one: a. semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach. b. material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete. c. organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells. d. large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream.
a. semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.
The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body. Select one: a. small intestine b. pancreas c. large intestine d. stomach e. gall bladder
a. small intestine
Performing weight-bearing exercise can Select one: a. strengthen bones. b. increase intestinal absorption of zinc. c. reduce the body's need for iron. d. delay the development of goiter.
a. strengthen bones.
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015, _____ are unhealthy and should be consumed in limited amounts. Select one: a. trans-fats b. potassium-rich foods c. grilled meats d. dietary supplements
a. trans-fats
During the past two months, Theresa has had intestinal pain after eating and diarrhea, and she's noticed blood in her feces. Additionally, she's lost about 10 pounds. Based on this information, Theresa should be tested for Select one: a. ulcerative colitis. b. gastroesophageal reflux disease. c. irritable bowel syndrome. d. gallstones.
a. ulcerative colitis.
The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. Select one: a. villi b. rugae c. lacteals d. haustra
a. villi
Erika is a vegan. She is at risk for a serious nutritional deficiency of _____ in her diet. Select one: a. vitamin B12 b. folate c. magnesium d. essential fatty acids
a. vitamin B12
A serving of food contains 25 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, and 1 g fat, 5 mg iron, and 20 mg vitamin C. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies Select one: a. 212 kcal b. 149 kcal c. 456 kcal d. 335 kcal
b. 149 kcal
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The human intestinal tract breaks down dietary fiber into glucose molecules. b. A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation. c. Insoluble fiber swells in water, which attracts cholesterol molecules to the fiber. d. The human body stores soluble fiber in muscle tissue.
b. A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation.
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Most food guides include cream as a member of the dairy foods group. b. Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils. c. Because margarine is a substitute for butter, it is classified as a dairy food. d. Most food guides classify milk in the protein foods group.
b. Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils.
Which of the following foods is the richest source of cholesterol? Select one: a. Coconut oil b. Chicken breast c. Palm oil d. Wheat germ
b. Chicken breast
Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body? Select one: a. E b. D c. Biotin d. C e. B12
b. D
Which of the following foods has the greatest bioavailable (absorbable) calcium? Select one: a. Red delicious apples b. Fat-free yogurt c. Cottage cheese d. Ground beef e. Spinach
b. Fat-free yogurt
The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims in advertisements is the Select one: a. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). b. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). c. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). d. Agricultural Research Service (ARS).
b. Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals? Select one: a. Raw egg whites b. Fresh blueberries c. Fat-free milk d. Lean meat
b. Fresh blueberries
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? Select one: a. Tuna b. Grapes c. Cheese d. Hamburger e. Butter
b. Grapes
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Water comprises approximately 25% of lean muscle tissue. b. Healthy young women have slightly less body water than healthy young men. c. About 30% of an average person's body is water. d. A person's body water content increases with increasing age.
b. Healthy young women have slightly less body water than healthy young men.
_____ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Select one: a. Parathyroid hormone b. Hemoglobin c. Myoglobin d. Phytic acid e. Thyroxin
b. Hemoglobin
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Beans are a good source of galactose. b. Honey is a rich source of fructose. c. Sweetened soft drinks are a good source of lactose. d. An egg is a rich source of carbohydrate.
b. Honey is a rich source of fructose.
Which of the following is a vitamin that plays a direct role in energy metabolism? Select one: a. Choline b. Niacin c. Folate d. All of these e. None of these
b. Niacin
Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: It is better to consume foods and beverages that enhance good health rather than those which impair it. Select one: a. Spiritual b. Physical c. Social d. Intellectual e. Emotional f. Occupational
b. Physical
____ helps the body maintain normal fluid balance. Select one: a. Mercury b. Potassium c. Iron d. Copper e. Fluoride
b. Potassium
_____ is the primary source of sodium in the typical American's diet. Select one: a. Fresh fruit b. Processed food c. Whole milk d. Tap water e. Well water
b. Processed food
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The sense of taste contributes to the sense of smell. b. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach. c. The lower gastroesophageal sphincter prevents chyme from entering the small intestine. d. A thick layer of muscle tissue protects the lining of the stomach.
b. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
Which of the following menu items is referred to as an "empty-calorie" food? Select one: a. Whole-grain breads b. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks c. 100% fruit juices d. Fat-free dairy products
b. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks
Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots, beans, water, salt, pepper, bits of ham, and onions. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients? Select one: a. The relatively high temperature that is needed to cook the soup will destroy the iron, phosphorus, and sulfur in the vegetables. b. The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, retaining their bioavailability and becoming part of the soup in the process. c. Cooking the soup's ingredients for this extensive amount of time will enable the minerals to become antioxidants. d. The minerals will leach out of the ham and vegetables and lose their natural bioavailability.
b. The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, retaining their bioavailability and becoming part of the soup in the process.
Which of the following statements is false? Select one: a. Calcium is needed for muscle contraction and blood clot formation. b. Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause. c. Bones store calcium and can release the mineral when it is needed. d. Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life.
b. Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.
Men's Journal and Family Circle may be unreliable sources of nutrition information, because Select one: a. the general public and public libraries subscribe to them. b. articles in such popular magazines generally do not undergo peer-review before they are published. c. authors generally pay the editors of popular magazines to publish their nutrition articles. d. registered dietitians are usually hired to write the articles about nutrition that are published in these journals.
b. articles in such popular magazines generally do not undergo peer-review before they are published.
Melanie is a healthy 8-month-old baby who loves to eat carrots, peaches, apricots, and green beans. Recently, her skin turned yellow. Based on this information, Melanie has developed Select one: a. pernicious anemia b. carotenemia c. kidney failure d. osteomalacia e. rickets
b. carotenemia
When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced weight loss and chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat dairy foods, fruits, and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him tested for Select one: a. colon cancer b. celiac disease c. lactose intolerance d. sulfite sensitivity
b. celiac disease
The largest and least dense lipoprotein is a Select one: a. HDL b. chylomicron c. VLDL d. LDL
b. chylomicron
Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? Select one: a. gallbladder b. colon c. liver d. pancreas
b. colon
Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight? Select one: a. apple with skin b. corn oil c. leaf lettuce d. whole-wheat bread e. chicken breast
b. corn oil
Anna has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Anna tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 88 mg/dl. Based on this information, Anna should Select one: a. consume candy or fruit juice to increase her blood glucose level. b. do nothing to intervene, because her blood glucose level is normal. c. give herself an extra injection of insulin. d. do not eat anything for the next 5 hours, which provides time for her blood glucose level to drop to normal naturally.
b. do nothing to intervene, because her blood glucose level is normal.
Maggie was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, she was given a synthetic formula diet that provided vitamins, minerals, choline, egg protein, purified water, and potato starch. Within a few weeks, Maggie's hair began to fall out and she developed patches of scaly skin on her arms and legs. When _____ were added to her formula, the signs of the nutritional deficiency disappeared. Select one: a. bile salts b. essential fatty acids c. cholesterol and lecithin d. simple sugars
b. essential fatty acids
The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are Select one: a. fructose, lactose, and levulose. b. galactose, glucose, and fructose. c. glucose, galactose, and sucrose. d. maltose, lactose, and galactose.
b. galactose, glucose, and fructose.
Four-year-old Eva was born with a rare condition characterized by the lack of mucus-producing cells in her digestive tract. Based on this information, Eva probably Select one: a. bruises easily. b. has numerous stomach ulcers. c. experiences stiff and painful joints. d. forms smaller than normal blood cells.
b. has numerous stomach ulcers.
Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease because he has Select one: a. high HDL cholesterol b. hypertension c. a family history of heartburn d. low C-reactive protein
b. hypertension
After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter Select one: a. chyme. b. lacteals within the villi. c. special cells lining the hepatic portal vein. d. the duodenal ampulla.
b. lacteals within the villi.
Theresa is concerned that her 10-year-old son may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes? Select one: a. gaining an unexpected amount of weight b. losing weight despite increased appetite c. having a fasting blood glucose level of 90 mg/dl d. urinating less frequently than usual
b. losing weight despite increased appetite
An essential nutrient Select one: a. is necessary for proper vitamin and mineral utilization b. must be supplied by your diet c. is only in foods from animal sources d. is made by your body
b. must be supplied by your diet
Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure. Select one: a. potassium b. nitrogen c. iron d. glucose
b. nitrogen
Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of Select one: a. goiter. b. pancreatic cancer. c. chronic low blood pressure. d. fluorosis. e. heavy metal toxicity.
b. pancreatic cancer.
B vitamins function as Select one: a. chemical messengers. b. parts of coenzymes. c. structural components of body cells. d. hormones.
b. parts of coenzymes.
Lecithin is a type of Select one: a. sterol b. phospholipid c. fatty acid d. triglyceride
b. phospholipid
Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are Select one: a. treatments b. placebos c. antidotes d. supplements
b. placebos
When following recipes, Candice wants to use fats that are not solid fats. Which of the following fats should she use? Select one: a. unsalted butter b. safflower oil c. shortening d. lard
b. safflower oil
A nutrient requirement is Select one: a. the recommended daily intake of a nutrient. b. the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a particular level of nutritional health. c. a biological need for a nutrient that has a margin of safety amount factored into the value. d. an amount of a nutrient that ensures optimal nutritional status.
b. the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a particular level of nutritional health.
Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from Select one: a. heat cramps. b. water intoxication. c. brain cancer. d. kidney failure.
b. water intoxication.
Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? Select one: a. A slice of American cheese b. A banana c. A handful of unsalted peanuts d. 1 ounce of baby carrots
c. A handful of unsalted peanuts
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Total body water does not include metabolic water. b. The liver is the major regulator of your body's water content and ion concentration. c. A healthy person's average daily total water input usually equals his or her average total daily water output. d. Vomiting or diarrhea do not alter the body's fluid balance.
c. A healthy person's average daily total water input usually equals his or her average total daily water output.
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The risk of developing hypertension decreases as a person grows older. b. A blood pressure reading of 165/90 mm Hg is within the normal range. c. Approximately 30% of adult Americans have hypertension. d. "Deli" meats, such as bologna and ham, are rich sources of potassium and poor sources of sodium.
c. Approximately 30% of adult Americans have hypertension.
Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent four different MyPlate food groups? Select one: a. Toasted cheese sandwich made with American cheese, Swiss cheese, and two slices of buttered whole-wheat bread b. Ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries, blueberries, and fat-free milk c. Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese d. Smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, fat-free milk, orange juice, wheat germ, and fresh peaches
c. Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Most of the water that enters the digestive tract is excreted in feces. b. Water and beverages comprise 100% of a person's total water intake. c. Cells produce water as a by-product of energy metabolism. d. Vegetable oils are about 25 to 50% water by weight.
c. Cells produce water as a by-product of energy metabolism.
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Daily Values are nutrient recommendations that are based on the EERs for adults. b. If you do not consume 100% of the Daily Values for nutrients, you have a high risk of developing nutritional deficiency disorders. c. Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes. d. Daily Values have been established for each nutrient.
c. Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A standard alcoholic drink is approximately 5 ounces of beer. b. Each gram of alcohol provides 9 kcal. c. Ethanol is a depressant drug. d. A typical beer is 12 to 14% alcohol.
c. Ethanol is a depressant drug.
Mariele purchased a box of cereal that had the following claim on the label: "Eat one bowl of this cereal a day for a month, and your skin with be healthier." Mariele is skeptical about the honesty of the claim. She should report her concern about the claim to the Select one: a. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. b. Better Business Bureau. c. Food and Drug Administration. d. Federal Trade Commission.
c. Food and Drug Administration.
Mariele purchased a box of cereal that had the following claim on the label: "Eat one bowl of this cereal a day for a month, and your skin with be healthier." Mariele is skeptical about the honesty of the claim. She should report her concern about the claim to the Select one: a. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. b. Federal Trade Commission. c. Food and Drug Administration. d. Better Business Bureau.
c. Food and Drug Administration.
Which of the following microbes is associated with an increased risk of developing peptic ulcers? Select one: a. E. coli b. S. aureus c. H. pylori d. C. botulinum
c. H. pylori
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Most "artificial" sweeteners have been banned by the FDA because of safety concerns. b. Sucralose provides 4 kcal/gram. c. Infants should not be fed honey because it may contain botulism spores. d. A person who has phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid products that contain saccharin.
c. Infants should not be fed honey because it may contain botulism spores.
Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: A well person expands his or her knowledge and skills while discovering the potential for sharing his or her gifts with others. Select one: a. Spiritual b. Occupational c. Intellectual d. Physical e. Social f. Emotional
c. Intellectual
The six dimensions of wellness are thought to be: Select one: a. Inadequate as it doesn't include nutrition or physical fitness. b. Illustrated as a model resembling a pizza because pizza is a metaphor for life. c. Interconnected such that all dimensions much be optimaized to achieve complete wellness. d. An outdated an invalidated model of wellness. e. Independent such that optimal well-being can be achieved even without achieving wellness in all dimensions.
c. Interconnected such that all dimensions much be optimaized to achieve complete wellness.
_____ is an essential amino acid. Select one: a. Aspartic acid b. Serine c. Leucine d. Polypeptide
c. Leucine
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Proteins are the primary sources of energy for cells. b. Portions of protein molecules bind to excess nitrogen in blood. c. Many hormones, including insulin, are proteins. d. Your body uses proteins to hydrogenate glucose in cell membranes.
c. Many hormones, including insulin, are proteins.
_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells. Select one: a. Digestion b. Homeostasis c. Metabolism d. Chyme
c. Metabolism
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Sugary baked goods are "junk" foods and should not be eaten b. Milk, bananas, and soybeans are among the few nutritionally perfect foods for humans c. Most foods contain more than one nutrient d. Strawberries are an energy-dense food
c. Most foods contain more than one nutrient
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Testimonials for weight loss supplements are usually based on scientific evidence. b. In general, government (.gov) Internet web sites are not reliable sources of scientifically-based nutrition information. c. Promoters of nutrition misinformation often exploit the general public's mistrust of scientists. d. The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right of consumers to be protected from health misinformation.
c. Promoters of nutrition misinformation often exploit the general public's mistrust of scientists.
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. It is illegal for scientists to publish research findings that are biased in favor of the people or agencies who funded the research projects. b. Scientists developed dietary recommendations for the U.S. population after analyzing results of a single American study, the Framingham Heart Study. c. Scientists typically use different methods to conduct research, which explains why similar studies involving humans often have conflicting results. d. Scientists have peer reviewers analyze the designs of their human research studies, because the peer-review process reduces research bias.
c. Scientists typically use different methods to conduct research, which explains why similar studies involving humans often have conflicting results.
To help conserve the vitamin content of foods, Select one: a. store in warm conditions, and expose to sunlight and air. b. cook slowly in large amounts of water. c. Steam or stir-fry until tender but not overcooked. d. add fat to vegetables during the cooking process.
c. Steam or stir-fry until tender but not overcooked.
In the United States, which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. No federal regulations cover bottled water that is sold throughout the country. b. The Food and Drug Administration permits manufacturers to add vitamins, minerals, and amino acids to their bottled water and flavored beverage products. c. The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the sanitation of public water supplies. d. Bottled water is safer to drink than tap water
c. The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the sanitation of public water supplies.
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Dietitians use Daily Values to determine the nutritional adequacy of Americans' diets. b. If you do not consume 100% of the RDA for vitamin C every day, you have a high risk of developing the vitamin's deficiency disease. c. The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons. d. Dietitians use MyPyramid as the standard for assessing a population's nutrient adequacy.
c. The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons.
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't supply any energy for the human body? Select one: a. Carbohydrate b. Protein c. Vitamin C d. Fat e. Alcohol
c. Vitamin C
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Foods generally contain larger amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates. b. Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram. c. Vitamins are partly defined by their ability to prevent a specific deficiency disorder. d. Most vitamins can be made by the human body. e. The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins.
c. Vitamins are partly defined by their ability to prevent a specific deficiency disorder.
An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the Select one: a. range of intake for a particular nutrient that is not likely to cause toxicity or deficiency. b. minimum amount of a nutrient that prevents the nutrient's deficiency disease in 98% of the population. c. amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population. d. optimal amount of a nutrient that 100% of the population can safely consume daily.
c. amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.
Which of the following substances enhances fat-soluble vitamin absorption in the small intestine? Select one: a. hydrochloric acid b. pepsin c. bile d. pancreatic amylase
c. bile
Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction? Select one: a. selenium b. aluminum c. calcium d. cadmium e. cesium
c. calcium
Glycogen is the Select one: a. nonnutritive sweetener that can replace high-fructose corn syrup in baked products. b. polysaccharide made by plants that provides structural support for leaves and stems. c. carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue. d. simple sugar in grapes, carrots, and honey that the body converts to fat.
c. carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue.
Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat? Select one: a. eggs b. fish c. cheese d. chicken
c. cheese
Which of the following foods is a poor source of high-quality protein? Select one: a. soy milk b. tuna steak c. corn chips d. 2% milk
c. corn chips
Mike likes to drink a commercially prepared chocolate milk. According to the label, the flavored milk contains 2% milk, water, high-fructose corn syrup, evaporated cane juice, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. The sources of carbohydrate in this beverage are Select one: a. 2% milk, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. b. high-fructose corn syrup, evaporated cane juice, and saccharin. c. evaporated cane juice, 2% milk, and high-fructose corn syrup. d. high-fructose corn syrup, water, and evaporated cane juice.
c. evaporated cane juice, 2% milk, and high-fructose corn syrup.
For the past 4 years, 23-year-old Maggie has been losing a lot of blood during her menstrual periods. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is she most likely to develop? Select one: a. goiter b. osteoporosis c. iron deficiency d. cretinism e. heavy metal toxicity
c. iron deficiency
Which of the following groups of minerals are trace minerals? Select one: a. sodium, copper, and potassium b. calcium, magnesium, and sodium c. iron, copper, and zinc d. calcium, phosphorus, and zinc
c. iron, copper, and zinc
Vitamin C Select one: a. acts as a coenzyme in certain reactions that release energy from glucose. b. dissolves in the fatty portions of foods. c. is needed to properly form collagen. d. maintains rods and cones within the retina.
c. is needed to properly form collagen.
The _____ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance. Select one: a. tonsils b. thyroid gland c. kidneys d. parathyroid glands e. salivary glands
c. kidneys
Since she was a 2-year-old "toddler," Gina has been drinking well water that contains a very high amount of fluoride. Based on this information, you would expect Gina to have Select one: a. hair loss b. goiter c. mottled teeth d. type 1 diabetes e. iron-deficiency anemia
c. mottled teeth
Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of Select one: a. beriberi b. scurvy c. osteomalacia d. kwashiorkor e. pellagra
c. osteomalacia
Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids? Select one: a. fat-free milk b. sesame seeds c. peaches d. tofu
c. peaches
Diet refers to a person's Select one: a. weight loss efforts. b. current nutrient intake. c. usual pattern of food choices. d. current nutrient intake.
c. usual pattern of food choices.
Jared is a vegan (total vegetarian). He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of Select one: a. copper. b. cadmium. c. vitamin C. d. calcium. e. vitamin A.
c. vitamin C.
Which of the following blood pressure values is normal? Select one: a. 70/120 mm Hg b. 80/120 mm Hg c. 145/60 mm Hg d. 118/69 mm Hg
d. 118/69 mm Hg
Bethaney is 20 years of age and weighs 50 kg. Based on her body weight, her RDA for protein is _____ grams. Select one: a. 50 b. 35 c. 45 d. 40
d. 40
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The body needs more time to digest a high-carbohydrate meal than a high-fat meal. b. A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes. c. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine. d. Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.
d. Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. All forms of lipoproteins are considered unhealthy because they increase the risk of diabetes. b. VLDLs transport most cholesterol in blood to the liver for disposal. c. Your intestinal cells convert bile into chylomicrons. d. Cigarette smoking increases the production of oxidized LDL cholesterol.
d. Cigarette smoking increases the production of oxidized LDL cholesterol.
Which of the following is a dimension of wellness that is not included in the classic Six Dimensions of Wellness, but that is often added as a seventh dimension in more recent versions of this model? Select one: a. Nutritional b. Productivity c. Cognitive d. Environmental e. Happiness
d. Environmental
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans? Select one: a. Water b. Caffeine c. Vitamin D d. Fat e. Alcohol
d. Fat
A serving of food supplies 25 g carbohydrate, 20 g fat, 20 g protein, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? Select one: a. Carbohydrate provides the most food energy b. Water provides the most food energy c. Protein provides about 50% of total calories d. Fat provides the most food energy
d. Fat provides the most food energy
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? Select one: a. French fries b. Soybean oil c. Grape drink d. Fat-free milk e. Water
d. Fat-free milk
Which of the following is a vitamin that plays a direct role in energy metabolism? Select one: a. Choline b. None of these c. All of these d. Niacin e. Folate
d. Niacin
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A person with a PhD has the proper training to be registered dietitian. b. A nutritionist has the same credentials as a registered dietitian. c. It is illegal to call yourself a nutritionist without credentials. d. Physicians and medical doctors lack significant nutrition education.
d. Physicians and medical doctors lack significant nutrition education.
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Proteins are your cells' primary energy source. b. Structural proteins include fibrin and insulin. c. Your body uses excess dietary protein to form the antibodies that cause infections. d. Proteins in your blood help maintain proper fluid balance.
d. Proteins in your blood help maintain proper fluid balance.
What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber? Select one: a. Soluble fiber is in animal foods, whereas insoluble fiber is in plant foods. b. Soluble fiber can be digested by humans, whereas insoluble fiber cannot be digested. c. Soluble fiber provides no health benefits to humans, whereas insoluble fiber reduces the risk of heart disease. d. Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.
d. Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A thick layer of muscle tissue protects the lining of the stomach. b. The sense of taste contributes to the sense of smell. c. The lower gastroesophageal sphincter prevents chyme from entering the small intestine. d. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
d. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Registered dietitians are not required to maintain their certification through continuing education. b. You can ask your personal physician for nutrition advice, because physicians have the same training as registered dietitians. c. In the United States, only registered dietitians are legally allowed to provide nutrition information. d. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.
d. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than obese people. b. The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system. c. The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine. d. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
d. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
A medical researcher asked 50 people with painful, arthritic knees to rub a cream that contained vitamin E on their knees for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks, she asked the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. All 50 subjects reported improvement in their knee pain. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The researcher should find a peer-review group to analyze her findings about the vitamin E-containing cream as a treatment for knee pain. b. The researcher shouldn't report her findings, until she uses a single-blind study to test the vitamin E-containing cream. c. The results of this study prove that rubbing a cream that contains vitamin E on arthritic knees is a good way to relieve knee pain. d. The results about the benefits of using a vitamin E cream for knee pain are questionable, because the researcher didn't have a control group.
d. The results about the benefits of using a vitamin E cream for knee pain are questionable, because the researcher didn't have a control group.
The body uses selenium to make Select one: a. glucose from cholesterol molecules that are stored in liver cells. b. polyunsaturated fatty acids. c. hydrochloric acid in the stomach. d. a group of proteins that have antioxidant function.
d. a group of proteins that have antioxidant function.
The plastic that's used to make water bottles may contain Select one: a. electrolytes. b. mercury. c. fluorides. d. bisphenol A. e. vanadium.
d. bisphenol A.
Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat? Select one: a. olive oil b. chicken fat c. egg yolks d. coconut oil
d. coconut oil
Becky's 2-year old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with a neural tube defect, Becky should Select one: a. take iron, zinc, and magnesium supplements during the first month of pregnancy, then eat more whole-grain breads and cereals for the remaining months of pregnancy. b. eat at least 3 ounces of fatty fish three times a week, take vitamin A and D supplements and drink more fat-free milk during the first three months of pregnancy. c. take pantothenic acid, B-6, and B-12 supplements before getting pregnant. d. consume green leafy vegetables and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant.
d. consume green leafy vegetables and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant.
Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? Select one: a. whole eggs b. unsalted butter c. chicken liver d. cooked beans
d. cooked beans
According to Cleo's physician, her blood cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following foods can Cleo add to her diet to help lower her cholesterol? Select one: a. honey b. white rice c. fat-free milk d. cooked oatmeal
d. cooked oatmeal
Ted is 10 years of age and is allergic to peanuts. If he accidentally eats peanuts he will likely quickly develop Select one: a. ulcers b. bruises c. colitis d. hives
d. hives
Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrate. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more than normal amounts of Select one: a. muscle fibers b. glycogen stores c. beta cells d. ketone bodies
d. ketone bodies
The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and electrolytes from chyme. Select one: a. pyloric valve b. lower stomach c. gallbladder d. large intestine
d. large intestine
According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes? Select one: a. smoking less than two packs of cigarettes per week b. reducing intake of dietary carbohydrates c. drinking two servings of alcohol daily d. losing excess body fat
d. losing excess body fat
Food guides classify _____ with oils. Select one: a. hard-boiled eggs b. ice cream c. American cheese d. mayonnaise
d. mayonnaise
A group of scientists designed a clinical study to investigate the effects of cholesterol deficiency in humans. For the duration of the 8-week study, the adult subjects must live in a special research unit of a hospital. The only food the subjects can consume is a synthetic formula that contains all known nutrients, except cholesterol. Based on this information, you would expect Select one: a. 100% of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of cholesterol deficiency within the first 3 weeks of participating in the study. b. about 10% of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency within the first week of participating in the study. c. about 50% of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency within the first week of the study. d. none of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency during the entire study.
d. none of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency during the entire study.
Which of the following substances participates in the digestion of proteins? Select one: a. bile salts b. amylase c. lipase d. pepsin
d. pepsin
A scientist discovers a chemical that is a chain of four amino acids. Each amino acid is connected to the other by a peptide bond. Based on the information, the chemical is a Select one: a. lipoprotein b. glycoprotein c. phospholipid d. polypeptide
d. polypeptide
The human body needs vitamin K to Select one: a. release the energy stored in glucose. b. make DNA. c. absorb phosphorus from foods. d. produce blood clotting factors.
d. produce blood clotting factors.
Kayla was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much vitamin C cures scurvy, the vitamin's deficiency disease. During the study, Kayla consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it did not contain vitamin C. Within a few weeks, Kayla developed scurvy. At that point, researchers gave 2 mg vitamin C to Kayla each day for a week, but her signs and symptoms of scurvy remained. In the weeks that followed, the scientists continued to increase Kayla's intake of the vitamin by 2 mg/week. After a week of taking 10 mg of vitamin C/day, Kayla reported feeling much better. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that Kayla's Select one: a. AI for vitamin C was 100 mg, which was 10 times the amount that cured her case of scurvy. b. EER for vitamin C was about 10 mg c. RDA for vitamin C was 10 mg, plus 15 mg as a margin of safety. d. requirement for vitamin C was 10 mg.
d. requirement for vitamin C was 10 mg.
Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ____ fatty acids. Select one: a. essential b. monounsaturated c. polyunsaturated d. saturated
d. saturated
During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) Select one: a. scientific observation. b. anecdotal evidence. c. biased report. d. scare tactic.
d. scare tactic.
Most lipid digestion occurs in the Select one: a. large intestine b. pancreas c. stomach d. small intestine
d. small intestine
If your diet supplies more glucose than you need, the excess can be Select one: a. converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy. b. metabolized to form ketone bodies and excreted by the kidneys. c. unabsorbed by the digestive tract and eliminated in bowel movements. d. stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
d. stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her iced tea with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use? Select one: a. xylitol b. sucrose c. aspartame d. sucralose
d. sucralose
Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin E? Select one: a. Ground beef b. Enriched white wheat flour c. Apples d. Fat-free milk e. Almonds
e. Almonds
Which of the following is a provitamin or precursor for vitamin A? Select one: a. Vitamin K1 b. Biotin c. Alpha-tocopherol d. Retinol e. Beta-carotene
e. Beta-carotene
The body can store large amounts of Select one: a. Vitamin C b. Thiamin c. Vitamin B6 d. Riboflavin e. Vitamin B12
e. Vitamin B12
_____ are fat-soluble vitamins. Select one: a. Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin b. Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E c. Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline d. Vitamins A, C, and D e. Vitamins K, E, and D
e. Vitamins K, E, and D
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at web sites has been peer-reviewed. b. In general, personal web sites, such as blogs, are reliable sources of nutrition information. c. U.S. laws require promoters of nutrition-related products to publish information in magazine articles and books that's honest or not misleading. d. Individuals with medical (MD) and research (PhD) degrees are the most reliable sources of nutrition information. e. Web sites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information.
e. Web sites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information.
Humans need vitamin B-6 for Select one: a. vitamin C recycling. b. magnesium absorption. c. activation of vitamin D. d. blood clotting. e. amino acid metabolism
e. amino acid metabolism
Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks adequate Select one: a. magnesium. b. potassium. c. sodium. d. calcium. e. iron.
e. iron.
Scientists are uncertain whether ____ is an essential mineral for humans. Select one: a. selenium b. iodide c. zinc d. magnesium e. silicon
e. silicon
Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: It is better to develop functional, transferable skills through structured involvement opportunities than to remain inactive and uninvolved. Select one: a. Emotional b. Spiritual c. Physical d. Intellectual e. Social f. Occupational
f. Occupational
Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: It is better to ponder the meaning of life for ourselves and to be tolerant of the beliefs of others than to close our minds and become tolerant. Select one: a. Occupational b. Emotional c. Social d. Physical e. Intellectual f. Spiritual
f. Spiritual