Nutrition Final Exam (Part 3)

During NORMAL weight loss, the composition of the weight loss if usually about 75% fat and 25% lean tissue. True or false?

True

An example of someone who has a high BMI, that is overweight but not overfat is ______. a. a bodybuilder b. an obese person c. someone who is underweight

a. a bodybuilder

Vitamin K mostly functions to aid in _____. a. blood clotting b. calcium utilization c. energy metabolism d. cell turnover

a. blood clotting (??????????)

Which of the following properties do vitamin D and K share? a. both are synthesized in the body b. both are required for normal vision c. neither has an effect on bone metabolism d. neither has an effect of erythrocyte (RBC) function

a. both are synthesized in the body

Which of the following describes the actions of a carcinogen? a. cancer-initiating substance b. cancer-inhibitory substance c. cancer treatment substance d. cancer anti-promoter substance

a. cancer-initiating substance

Which of the following promotes a negative energy balance? a. CCK b. leptin c. LPL d. grehlin

b. leptin

All of the following are good sources of vitamin A except _____. a. pumpkin b. pear c. apricot d. sweet potato e. carrot

b. pear

Which of the following is NOT a trait of a benign tumor? a. usually slow-growing b. usually spreads quickly, commanding its own supply c. usually has a well-defined perimeter d. usually not harmful to us

b. usually spreads quickly, commanding its own supply

What kind of diet is potentially low in B-vitamins? a. diets high in processed foods b. diets low in enriched grains c. just a d. just b e. both a and b

e. both a and b

About what day does the neural tube close? a. 5 b. 10 c. 18 d. 28 e. 35

c. 18 (????????)

Some of our energy is just spent on digesting the food we eat. This is called the Thermic Effect of Food (TEF). For someone who takes in 1850 kcal per day, about how much energy is spent on TEF? a. 185 kcal b. 1850 kcal c. 18.5 kcal d. 1.85 kcal e. 120 kcal

1850/10 = 185 a. 185 kcal

Calculate the BMI of a person that weighs 120 LB (54.5 kg) and 5 ft. 1 in. tall. (1.5m). And is this in the healthy range? **DONT FORGET TO SQUARE THE M** a. 24.2, yes, it's in the healthy range b. 36.3, no, it's off the chart c. I am not getting either of the above numbers

54.5 kg / (1.5^2) m = 24.2 a. 24.2, yes, it's in the healthy range

All of the following describe the behavior of fat cells EXCEPT a. The storage capacity for fat depends on both cell number and cell size. b. During the growing years, when fat cells exceed their storage capacity, the cells divide to make more cells to accommodate the excess fat. c. The number increases many times during the growth years and tapers off when growth stops in adulthood. d. The number of fat cells decreases when fat is lost from the body.

d. The number of fat cells decrease when fat is lost from the body

All of the following are features of vitamin K in nutrition except ______. a. infants frequently require a supplement at birth b. good food sources are dark, green leafy vegetables c. risk of deficiency is increased in people taking anticoagulant medications for prolonged periods d. gut microflora synthesis supplies sufficient amounts to meet the needs of most healthy adults

d. gut synthesis supplies sufficient amounts to meet the needs of most healthy adults

Which of the following is NOT a result of vitamin D deficiency? a. rickets b. osteoporosis c. osteomalacia d. hemophilia

d. hemophilia

Vitamin A supplements are helpful in treating which of the following conditions? a. beri-beri b. pellagra c. hyponatremia d. night blindness e. hypoglycemia

d. night blindness

Which of the following is a type of neural tube defect? a. scurvy b. beri-beri c. pellagra d. spina bifida

d. spina bifida

Which of the following defines the body's set point? a. the minimum weight of a person b. the maximum weight of a person c. the point at which a dieter plateaus and then drops weight quickly d. the point at which the body has set its 'normal', kind of like a thermostat

d. the point at which the body has set its 'normal', kind of like a thermostat

All of the following are characteristics of vitamin D nutrition except _____. a. deficient intake may lead to altered bone composition b. excessive intake may lead to mineral deposits in the kidneys c. fortified milk is the major dietary source in the US population d. the requirement is increased in most people who are exposed to the sun

d. the requirement is increased in most people who are exposed to the sun

If a person didn't consume any water-soluble vitamins for a long time, deficiency symptoms would appear LAST for ______. (Think about which one gets recycled.) a. folate b. vitamin A c. vitamin C d. vitamin B12

d. vitamin B12

Which of the following would be a part of a successful program of weight gain in an UNDERWEIGHT individual? a. Increase physical exercise b. Eat more energy-dense foods c. Drink energy-dense beverages d. Eat more in the first 20 minutes of a meal e. All of the above

e. All of the above

We can override hunger and satiety signals by either eating when we are not hungry or by not eating when we are hungry. Which of the following is an example of this? a. deprssion b. anxiety c. anorexia d. boredom e. stress f. all of the above

f. all of the above

Which of the following is a factor that influences BMR? a. stress b. the amount of lean body mass a person has c. a highly active thyroid gland d. whether or not a person is in a stage of growth e. how tall a person is f. all of the above

f. all of the bove

Which of the following is NOT a contributing risk factor for cancer? a. tobacco use b. carcinogens from food preparation and storage c. too much sun exposure d. sedentary lifestyle e. many poor dietary choices f. insulin resistance

f. insulin resistance

Which of the following explains why B-vitamin deficiencies lead to a lack of energy? a. B vitamins are a source of kcals. b. Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism (glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC) are not available in sufficient amounts. c. Oxygen for energy metabolism cannot be transported to the cells.

b. Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism (glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC) are not available in sufficient amounts.

Which of the following is NOT among the recommendations issued by health professionals to reduce cancer risks? a. Moderate or stop intake of alcohol. b. Increase intake of foods high in iron. c. Limit intake of salted foods and smoked meats. d. Eat at least 5 servings a day of other fruits and vegetables year-round and 7 servings a day of whole grains, starchy vegetables, and legumes. e. Prepare and store foods safely. f. Maintain a healthy body weight and get plenty of exercise.

b. Increase intake of foods high in iron.

What is a free radical? a. a political activist b. a highly unstable molecule with an unpaired electron c. a vitamin used to fight oxidation

b. a highly unstable molecule with an unpaired electron

What is the precursor for vitamin A? a. cholesterol b. beta-carotee c. retinal d. the amino acid tryptophan

b. beta-carotene

What type of container is best for protecting the riboflavin content of milk? a. airtight b. cardboard or opaque plastic c. clear glass d. clear plastic

b. cardboard or opaque plastic

What does leptin promote? a. increase appetite and increase energy expenditure b. decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure c. increase appetite and decrease energy expenditure d. decrease appetite and decrease energy expenditure

b. decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure

What is the most likely explanation for why women readily store fat around the hips whereas mean readily store fat around the abdomen? a. differences in blood insulin levels b. differences in the activity of LPL c. differences in lipid transport proteins d. increase appetite, increase energy expenditure

b. differences in the activity of LPL

Which of the following diets was most likely to lead to beri-beri? a. low intakes of whole grains b. high intakes of polished rice c. high intakes of unrefined rice d. low intakes of fruits and vegetables

b. high intakes of polished rice

What does grehlin promote? a. decrease appetite b. increase appetite c. increase energy expenditure

b. increase appetite

In a weight reduction regimen, the most realistic time frame for losing 10% for initial body weight is _____. a. 6 weeks b. 3 months c. 6 months d. 1 year

c. 6 months

A decrease in 500kcal per day can result in a weight loss of 1 lb/wk. True or false?

True

An index of a person's weight in relation to height is called Body Mass Index (BMI). Some shortcomings of this calculation, though, are that it doesn't tell you anything about the person's metabolism, where the body fat is located, or what part of the weight is from muscle. True or false?

True

Antioxidants help us eliminate free radicals by donating an electron to stabilize them, thereby preventing further tissue damage (by stopping the stealing cycle). True or false?

True

Avidin is a protein found in raw egg whites. It binds up BIOTIN, so that we can not access it for reabsorption. The good thing, though, is once you cook the eggs, avidin is denatured. True or false?

True

For a colon cancer patient, a high fiber diet is recommended because it speeds up transit time in the GI tract, thereby decreasing one's exposure to potentially harmful substances (because there is less time for waste to be reabsorbed). True or false?

True

Gradual changes are more likely to be maintained than quick losses. True or false?

True

Many of the B-vitamins in this chapter can be obtained from MFP (meat, poultry, fish) and enriched grains. True or false?

True

Many vitamins are broken down when exposed to heat for too long. True or false?

True

Studies in developing countries have demonstrated that the mortality rate of children with measles can be significantly decreased by providing vitamin A supplements. True or false?

True

The DIETARY availability of folate (not from a supplement) is only 50%. That's why it is so important that a pregnant woman take a folate supplement, which is 100% available. True or false?

True

The bioavailability of a vitamin in food is dependent upon how much of the vitamin is in the food to begin with and also how much of it gets absorbed. True or false?

True

Usually vitamin toxicity is due to taking too many supplements, not from getting too much in the diet. True or false?

True

When someone increases PUFA in their diet, the need for vitamin E also increases. True or false?

True

When you measure how much of a vitamin is in a food, you need to measure not just the vitamin itself, but also its precursor. True or false?

True

What fraction of the day's energy expenditure for the average person is represented by basal metabolism? a. about 1/10 b. up to 1/2 c. about 2/3 d. about 9/10

c. about 2/3

Which of the following is NOT among the features of the fat-soluble vitamins? a. required bile for absorption b. found in the fat and oily parts of foods c. excess is readily excreted in the urine d. pose a greater risk for developing a toxicity than water-soluble vitamins

c. excess is readily excreted in the urine

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin d? a. toxicity from vitamin d may result from overexposure to the sun b. requirements are not much higher in the elderly c. fortification of milk with the vitamin is common in order to provide people with a reliable dietary source d. absorption from most food sources is very poor, necessitating the addition of liberal quantities of grain products

c. fortification of milk with the vitamin is common in order to provide people with a reliable dietary source

What niacin deficiency disease appeared in people who subsisted on a diet high in corn and low in protein? a. avidin b. beri-beri c. pellagra d. goiter

c. pellagra

Since obesity apparently has many causes, even in a single individual, the best approach to the condition seems to be _____. a. fasting b. medicines c. prevention d. genetic counseling

c. prevention

What is the MOST satiating nutrient? a. fat b. water c. protein d. carbohydrate

c. protein

What is considered to be a safe rate of maximum weight loss on a long term bases for most overweight people? a. 1/2-2 lb per week b. 3-4 lb per week c. 5% body weight per month d. 10% body weight per month

a. 1/2-2 lb per week

Which of the following features do vitamins C and E share? a. both function as antioxidants b. both require bile for absorption c. for both, excessive amounts are stored in fat tissues d. neither is affected by the processing of foods

a. both function as antioxidants

What is the LEAST satiating nutrient? a. fat b. water c. protein d. carbohydrate

a. fat

Which of the following is NOT a trait of malignant tumors? a. commands its own blood supply b. spread quickly through the body (metastasis) c. usually has a well-defined perimeter d. communicates with other tumors through signal transduction e. has a spiky shape with far-reaching 'tentacles' f. usually mimics neighboring organs or tissues

c. usually has a well-defined perimeter

Which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet? a. meats b. citrus fruits c. vegetable oils d. milk and dairy products

c. vegetable oils

Pernicious anemia, an anemia that changes the shape of the red blood cells, is due to a lack of _____. a. vitamin A b. iron c. vitamin B12 d. vitamin C

c. vitamin B12

Approximately what percentage of weight lost during STARVATION is lean body mass? a. 0% b. 20% c. 35% d. 50%

d. 50%

What is the RDA for folate during pregnancy? a. 180ug b. 240ug c. 400ug d. 600ug

d. 600ug

Which would NOT be a recommendation of weight-reduction counseling? a. Reorganize some established behavior patterns. b. Use the exchange system of food pyramid to keep track of energy intake. c. Perform physical exercise to increase energy expenditure and build lean mass. d. Just quit eating.

d. Just quit eating

Antioxidants have been shown to not help much against the low-grade inflammation that leads to heart disease. True or false?

False

Avidin is a protein found in raw egg whites. It binds up vitamin B6, so that we can not access it for reabsorption. The good thing, though, is once you cook the eggs, avidin is denatured, so it is then no longer an issue. True or false?

False

If B-carotene accumulates in the body's fat tissues, it will produce a greater toxicity than vitamin A. True or false?

False