Nutrition final exam study guide

Vitamin D deficiency in children can cause bowed legs, an abnormality seen in the disease rickets. True/False

True

Cardiorespiratory activities should use large muscle groups and sustained periods of activity of ___ % of heart rate max. A. 50-85 B. 80-90 C. 30-50 D. 10-30

A. 50-85

the largest component of energy expenditure is __: A. BMR B. physical activity C. thermic effect of food D. EER

A. BMR

Negative nitrogen balance occurs in: A. a surgery patient B. growing children C. pregnant women D. lactating women E. a casual exerciser

A. a surgery patient

The ___ contains the nitrogen. A. amine group B. acid group C. side chain D. ribosome

A. amine group

a precursor of Vitamin A that is made by plants is called ___. A. beta-carotene B. niacin C. rhodopsin D. keratin

A. beta-carotene

People whose diets are rich in vegetables and fruits have low rates of: A. cancer B. lung disease C. rickets D. osteoporosis E. toxicity

A. cancer

___ is the chief protein of most connective tissues. A. collagen B. ascorbic acid C. keratin D. camitine

A. collagen

Heart disease in women is characterized by: A. development at a later age than in men B. a much lower death rate than other chronic diseases C. the same symptoms of heart attack as in men D. a better heart muscle recovery than in men E. development before the onset of menopause

A. development at a later age than in men

The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend that adults: A. perform muscle-strengthening activities of moderate to high intensity 2 or more days a week B. include atleast 150 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity per week C. use stretching activities to increase muscle strength D. schedule sessions of at least 20 minutes each for health benefits E. engage in sedentary leisure activities every day

A. perform muscle-strengthening activities of moderate to high intensity 2 or more days a week

What types of foods usually have the most sodium? A. processed and fast food B. whole grains C. fruits D. vegetables

A. processed and fast foods

The main reason for fortifying enriched grain products with folic acid is to: A. reduce the incidence of birth defects called neural tube defects B. help lower serum folate concentrations during pregnancy C. make up for the lack of prenatal care D. prevent mental retardation from developing late in pregnancy E. prevent cardiovascular disease

A. reduce the incidence of birth defects called neural tube defects

Removing the grain protein gluten from the diet has been shown to: A. resolve digestive problems in people with celiac disease B. help with weight loss in people trying to lose weight C. reduce problems with insomnia D. reduce cancer risk E. cause protein deficiency

A. resolve digestive problems in people with celiac disease

The active from of vitamin A stored in the liver is: A. retinol B. bright orange C. yellow D. beta-carotene E. retinoic acid

A. retinol

the principal food source of chloride is: A. salt B. animal products C. plants D. grains E. dairy products

A. salt

when the brain receives signals that enough food has been eaten, this is called ___. A. satiation B. ghrelin C. adaptation D. none of these

A. satiation

The main role of __ in supporting physical activity is to serve as an antioxidant, protecting tissues from oxidation. A. vitamin E B. beta-carotene C. vitamin C D. folate E. magnesium

A. vitamin E

Which of the following vitamin is important in maintaining the sheaths around nerve fibers? A. B6 B. B12 C. niacin D. riboflavin

B. B12

A helpful tool for evaluating risk from body fatness that is calculated by dividing the weight of a person by the square of the person's height is called: A. BMR B. BMI C. EFG D. EER

B. BMI

___ is drying of the cornea and a symptom of Vitamin A deficiency. A. Retinol B. Xerosis C. Pellegra D. Beri beri

B. Xerosis

Essentials of fitness to be physically fit include all of the following except: A. flexibility B. agility C. cardiorespiratoy endurance D. muscle strength

B. agility

Metabolic syndrome includes ___ that greatly increases a person's risk of developing CVD. A. low fasting blood sugar B. central obesity C. high blood HDL D. low blood pressure

B. central obesity

improvements as a result of aerobic training include: A. lowered HDL cholesterol B. enhanced ability to deliver oxygen C. enhance ability to deliver carbon dioxide to working muscles D. stroke volume decreases

B. enhanced ability to deliver oxygen

Which is the best beverage choice? A. sports drinks because they replace important minerals missing from the diet B. hard water because it has a high concentration of calcium and magnesium C. soft water because it replaces sodium that is lost from the body D. fruit juices because they naturally contain vitamins and minerals E. bottled water because it is guaranteed to be safe

B. hard water because it has a high concentration of calcium and magnesium

A young man has said to you that he is eating much more protein in his diet than the recommendation but he feels he needs the extra amount just in case he wants to lose weight and build more muscle mass in the near future. How would you respond to him? A. it should be fine because the cells will store the extra amino acids for future use. B. If he has excess calories in his diet, he may gain fat weight from converted protein C. the extra protein will be used for fuel instead of the carbohydrate D. the body won't digest the extra protein and it will be eliminated in feces E. the excess amino acids can only be stored for up to 48 hours

B. if he has excess calories in his diet, he may gain fat weight from converted protein

Which element must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized? A. iron B. iodine C. zinc D. fluoride E. chloride

B. iodine

Brown adipose tissue ___. A. develops during starvation B. is well-known heat generating tissue C. develops as fat cells die off D. all of these

B. is well-known heat generating tissue

Most people who successfully maintain weight loss do all of the following except: A. continue to employ many of the routines that reduced their weight in the first place B. obtain atleast some guidance from popular diet books C. reward themselves for sticking with their plan D. monitor their weight and routine

B. obtain atleast some guidance from popular diet books

___ may be caused by a calcium deficiency. A. hypertension B. osteoporosis C. a goiter D. poor appetite

B. osteoporosis

Sulfate is adequate in a diet that contains sufficient: A. fat B. protein C. carbohydrate D. vitamins E. calcium

B. protein

Protein digestion begins in the: A. mouth B. stomach C. small intestine D. large intestine

B. stomach

___ is the top number of blood pressure reading and signifies the pressure during ventricular contraction. A. diastolic B. systolic C. aneurysm D. cardiac output

B. systolic

The number of calories cut from the diet to produce weight loss should be based on: A. the amount of weight a person wishes to lose B. the person's BMI C. the amount of food the person wishes to consume D. the RDA for energy for the person's gender and age

B. the person's BMI

For women and men in the 19-50 year old range, the calcium DRI is ___ milligrams. A. 600 B. 800 C. 1000 D. 1200 E. 2500

C. 1000

A rule of thumb that has been used in the past but does not apply equally to everyone is that one pound of body fat is equal to ___ calories. A. 2500 B. 3000 C. 3500 D. 4000 E. 4200

C. 3500

What is the DRI for protein for a 40-year-old male who is 6'4" tall and weighs 180 pounds? A. 34 grams B. 49 grams C. 65 grams D. 144 grams E. 180 grams

C. 65 grams

Which of the following is true of American protein intake? A. Americans suffer from protein deficiency at a high rate B. Americans consume too many plant sources of protein C. Americans generally consume adequate or above recommendations D. Americans consume too little animal protein

C. Americans generally consume adequate or above recommendations

Which of the following represents appropriate caloric intakes as a strategy for weight loss? A. women should consume less than 1200 calories a day B. men should consume less than 1500 calories a day C. BMI between 25-35 should restrict calories by 500-750 calories a day D. BMI >35 should restirct calories by 2000 calories a day

C. BMI between 25-35 should restrict calories by 500-750 calories a day

The B vitamins act as part of: A. anticoagulants B. antibodies C. coenzymes D. intrinsic factors E. the bone matrix

C. Coenzymes

Any disease that produces ___ malabsorption can bring about deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K. A. carbohydrate B. protein C. fat D. calcium E. medication

C. Fat

The mineral ___ works as part of hemoglobin and myoglobin to carry oxygen. A. sodium B. iodine C. iron D. calcium

C. Iron

Which of the following is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat? A. carbon B. hydrogen C. nitrogen D. oxygen E. calories

C. Nitrogen

The chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells is: A. potassium B. chloride C. sodium D. calcium E. magnesium

C. Sodium

A benefit of cardiorespiratory endurance training is that: A. the stroke volume of the heart decreases because less blood is needed B. LDL cholesterol in the blood is reduced C. blood pressure may be reduced D. the resting heart rate increases to pump blood more efficiently E. each heart beat pumps less blood because blood cells are more efficient

C. blood pressure may be reduced

What has been added to public water to make it safer? A. sodium B. calcium C. chlorine D. iron

C. chlorine

which of the following is true in regards to pregame meals? A. eat a high fat meal before an event B. eat a high protein meal before an event C. eat a small easily digestable meal that is high in carbohydrate D. eat a large meal within 1-2 hours before the event to prolong energy

C. eat a small easily digestable meal that is high in carbohydrate

to promote weight loss, which of the following is true of the body's energy balance? A. energy in needs to be greater than energy out B. energy in needs to be equal to energy out C. energy in needs to be less than energy out D. obesity in a genetic disease can't be controlled by energy balance

C. energy in needs to be less than energy out

Vitamin E is famous for its role: A. in maintaining bone tissue integrity B. in maintaining connective tissue integrity C. in protecting tissue from oxidation D. as a precursor for vitamin C

C. in protecting tissue from oxidation

symptoms of heat stroke include all of the following except: A. clumsiness B. confusion C. increases in sweating D. nausea and vomiting

C. increases in sweating

Which of the following minerals is considered a "major" mineral? A. iron B. zinc C. phosphorous D. copper

C. phosphorous

Which of the following minerals is important in energy metabolism and buffering system? A. calcium B. magnesium C. phosphorus D. sodium

C. phosphorus

which of the following minerals may help to regulate blood pressure? A. phosphorous B. iron C. potassium D. zinc

C. potassium

a stationary clot is called a(n) ___. A. aneurysm B. embolus C. thrombus D. embolism

C. thrombus

The lacy crystals of the ___ bone are tapped to raise blood calcium when the supply from the day's diet runs short. A. nerve tissue B. red blood cells C. trabecular bone D. cortical bone E. kidney tissue

C. trabecular bone

You are working with a child in a health clinic who has growth retardation, impaired immunity, and a poor appetite. The child is most likely experiencing ___ deficiency. A. iron B. chromium C. zinc D. magnesium E. sodium

C. zinc

___ is the leading cause of death in the US A. heart disease B. diabetes C. cancer D. stroke

A. heart disease

recovery meals should be consumed within ___: A. 4 hours following activity B. 2 hours following activity C. 30 minutes following activity D. the last 10 minutes of activity

B. 2 hours following activity

The eating pattern that best provides nutrients: A. singles out a rich source for each nutrient and focuses on these foods B. includes a wide variety of nutrient-dense foods C. is a Western eating style that includes abundant meats and fats D. singles out rich sources of phytochemicals and focuses on these foods

B. Includes a wide variety of nutrient-dense foods

A non-food source of vitamin K is: A. sunlight B. intestinal bacteria C. antibiotics D. tap water E. dental implants

B. Intestinal bacteria

Which of the following is a key component of plaque formation in the arteries? A. low sodium intake B. high saturated and trans fat intake C. high fiber intake D. high intakes of potassium containing foods

B. high saturated and trans fat intake

What is NOT recommended for physical activity in order to maintain a healthy body weight? A. episodes of physical activity that are atleast 10 minutes in duration count toward exercise goals B. only aerobic physical activities are beneficial for weight loss C. more than 250 minutes per week promote significant weight loss D. 150-250 minutes a week of atleast moderate-intensity physical activity is needed for preventing weight gain E. planned workout can be augmented with bits of physical activity throughout the day

B. only aerobic physical activities are beneficial for weight loss

a main difference between a person contracting an infectious disease and a chronic disease is: A. infectious diseases are not related to the nutritional status of a person B. some infectious diseases can be cured with medication but chronic diseases cannot C. special immune-strengthening foods can prevent infectious diseases D. people in developed countries will not get infectious diseases because of existing safe guards E. infectious diseases arise not from a straightforward cause but from a mixture of factors

B. some infectious diseases can be cured with medication but chronic diseases cannot

All of the following factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate except: A. stress B. starvation C. fever D. youth E. greater height

B. starvation

What is the result of a dietary protein deficiency? A. increased synthesis of protein B. decreased breakdown of body protein C. a weakened immune system D. enhanced nutrient absorption E. increased bone turnover

C. A weakened immune system

What type of protein may increase a person's cancer risk? A. soy B. grains C. nuts D. red and processed meat

D. Red and processed meat

What accounts for the shape of a protein? A. backbone B. acid group C. amine group D. side chain

D. Side chain

an athlete's pregame meal should be ___. A. low in fat B. high in fiber C. moderate in protein D. a and c

D. a and c

the mixture of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids used during physical activity depends on the ___. A. intensity of the activity B. duration of the activity C. training status of the exerciser D. all of these E. none of these

D. all of these

When a vessel wall weakens and balloons out, it is called a(n) ___: A. embolism B. thrombus C. embolus D. aneurysm

D. aneurysm

The sequence of amino acids that make up a protein molecule are specified by: A. age B. sex C. gender D. the diet E. genes

E. Genes

The theory that vitamin C prevents or cures colds is well supported by research True/False

False

a person who continues exercising moderately for longer than ___ minutes begins to use less glucose and more fat for fuel A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20 E. 45

D. 20

___% of U.S. adults are overweight or obese A. 75 B. 90 C. 30 D. 69

D. 69

___ is important in converting one amino acid to another amino acid. A. folate B. B12 C. niacin D. B6

D. B6

What is one effect of malnutrition on the body's defense system? A. the skin becomes thicker with more connective tissue B. Antibodies and immune cell numbers are increased C. Physical barriers to invasion by microbes are increased D. Immune system organs decrease in size E. the skin's sensitivity reaction to antigens is more rapid

D. Immune system organs decrease in size

Which of the following impairs iron absorption? A. heme B. MFP factor C. vitamin C D. phytates E. sodium

D. Phytates

Which is NOT one of the functions of vitamin C? A. to protect and recycle vitamin E to its active form B. to produce and maintain collagen C. to promote the absorption of iron D. to maintain the functions of the reproductive organs E. to help form scar tissue that heals wounds

D. To maintain the functions of the reproductive organs

Which of the following foods is (are) rich in beta carotene? A. sweet potatoes B. pumpkin C. spinach D. all of these

D. all of these

Water balance is governed by the ___. A. liver B. kidneys C. brain D. b and c

D. b and c

Characteristics of victims of anorexia nervosa include: A. they are aware that they have a psychiatric condition B. most are male C. they are unfamiliar with the calorie content of foods D. most come from middle or upper class families E. they always avoid exercise because it makes them hungry

D. most come from middle or upper class families

Which of the following energy systems provides energy for intense bursts up to 20 seconds. A. aerobic B. anaerobic C. lactic acid D. phosphagen

D. phosphagen

Which of the following statements is true when discussing sodium's role in blood pressure? A. the lower the sodium intake the higher the blood pressure B. the higher the sodium intake the lower the blood pressure C. unlike potassium, sodium doesn't have a role in blood pressure D. the higher the sodium intake, the higher the blood pressure

D. the higher the sodium intake, the higher the blood pressure

Which of the following is a health benefit of a vegetarian diet? A. Eating small amounts of soy protein can contribute to a major decline in LDL cholesterol B. Even though vegetarians may eat cheese, sour cream, and butter in their diets, their blood lipids do not reflect it C. Lacto-ovo vegetarians have a lower rate of cancer than fish but not meat eaters D. vegetarians tend to have lower blood pressure than nonvegetarians E. a vegetarian diet correlates with increased energy intake and increased obesity

D. vegetarians tend to have lower blood pressure than nonvegetarians

An overemphasis on protein-rich foods can lead to: A. a low intake of iron B. a low intake of vitamin B12 C. an excessive intake of vitamin C D. a low intake of all vitamins E. a low intake of folate

E. A low intake of folate

Obesity is a major risk factor for which of the following? A. diabetes B. hypertension C. some cancers D. heart disease and sroke E. all of these

E. all of these

Dietary guidelines for cancer prevention include: A. cooking meats at high temperatures or directly over a flame B. increasing intake of salt-cured products C. decreasing intake of fruits and vegetables D. initiating hormone replacement therapy after menopause E. controlling energy intake

E. controlling energy intake

A good way to help dieters solve problems and increase motivation is to teach them to: A. add new cues for eating B. use hypnosis to change negative eating behaviors C. start a new strict physical activity plan D. review their failures daily in order to go back and fix them E. emphasize positive consequences of appropriate eating and exercise behaviors

E. emphasize positive consequences of appropriate eating and exercise behaviors

Successful weight maintainers: A. avoid weighing themselves on a scale more than monthly B. avoid weight-loss support programs such as Weight Watchers C. monitor energy nutrient proportions rather than overall food energy of the diet D. have never experienced weight cycling E. exercise regularly

E. exercise regularly

Characteristics of cardiorespiratory endurance include: A. increased LDL cholesterol B. increased blood pressure C. increased resting pulse D. increased recovery time after exertion E. increased cardiac output and oxygen delivery

E. increased cardiac output and oxygen delivery

which of the following raises HDL concentration? A. weight gain B. low cholesterol intake C. intake of refined carbohydrates D. intake of fiber E. physical activity

E. physical activity

Body mass index is unsuitable for use with: A. adolescents B. casual exercisers C. women younger than 50 D. caucasians E. pregnant women

E. pregnant women

You are interested in controlling your risk of developing CVD. Which strategy would be best? A. consume high levels of refined carbohydrates B. start smoking to help prevent weight gain C. use margarine in the place of olive oil D. drink three glasses of red wine each day E. substitute fish for red meat twice a week

E. substitute fish for red meat twice a week

Diet and physical activity do not play a significant role in controlling hypertension True/False

False

Degenerative conditions are also referred to as chronic diseases. True/Fasle

True

Legumes are a good source of protein, many B vitamins, iron, and other minerals, making them exceptionally nutritious foods. True/False

True

Muscle hypertrophy is an increase in size in response to use True/False

True

Overconsumption of protein-rich foods offer no benefits and may pose health risks, particularly for weakened kidneys. True/False

True

Sound nutrition authorities acknowledge that well-chosen vegetarian diets are consistent with good health and can meet nutrient needs. True/False

True

The DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products. True/False

True

which of the following energy systems provides energy with the help of oxygen? A. anaerobic B. lactic acid C. aerobic D. phosphagen

c. aerobic