Nutrition Final
A benefit of resistance training is that: Select one: a. high resistance and few repetitions build strength without bulk. b. it prevents weight loss with reduced calorie intakes. c. women will be able to greatly increase bulk in their muscles. d. training will reduce 24-hour energy expenditure.
A
A weight lifter is taking creatine supplements to increase the power in his muscles. What is the most likely effect of taking the supplement? Select one: a. weight gain b. stimulation of muscle growth c. energy enhancement from additional stored creatine phosphate in the muscles d. enhanced endurance activity performance
A
A zinc toxicity reduces _____. Select one: a. iron absorption b. LDL cholesterol c. insulin response d. bone density
A
About 95% of the lipids in foods and in the human body are: Select one: a. triglycerides. b. phospholipids. c. sterols. d. cholesterol.
A
All of the following are fibers except: Select one: a. glycogen. b. cellulose. c. hemicellulose. d. pectin.
A
As physical activity continues beyond the first few minutes, which of the following flows into the bloodstream to signal the liver to liberate its stored energy nutrients? Select one: a. glucagon b. thyroxine c. lactic acid d. a and b e. a and c
A
Carbohydrates are essential to provide energy for the body because: Select one: a. the glucose that is produced from them is vital to fuel most of the body's cells. b. proteins are available only to provide building block materials for tissues. c. ketone bodies produced from proteins do not provide adequate energy for cells. d. fats are not able to provide any energy to the cells.
A
Chromium works closely with: Select one: a. insulin. b. collagen. c. hemoglobin. d. enzymes.
A
Copper is an essential nutrient because of its role in: Select one: a. forming hemoglobin and collagen. b. increasing free radical activity. c. regulating zinc absorption. d. regulating blood glucose.
A
Digestion of most starch begins in the: Select one: a. mouth. b. esophagus. c. stomach. d. small intestine.
A
In which of the following situations would a vitamin E deficiency be least likely? Select one: a. someone who eats a diet high in fat b. someone who is born prematurely c. someone who consumes a low-fat diet composed largely of convenience foods d. someone with a disease condition that causes malabsorption of fat
A
Phosphorus is critical to the acid-base balance in cells because of its role in: Select one: a. creating buffers to maintain the correct pH. b. creating phospholipids to carry fats through the blood. c. binding with calcium in muscle tissues. d. transporting sodium from the cells.
A
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are appropriately used for all of the following except: Select one: a. estimating the nutrient needs of persons with medical problems. b. estimating the adequacy of an individual's nutrient intake. c. planning diets for population groups like military personnel. d. ensuring that minimum nutrient requirements are met.
A
The major storage form of fats in our body is: Select one: a. triglycerides, which are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. b. fatty acids, which are made up of trans fats and bile. c. cholesterol, which is stored in the blood. d. lecithin, which is stored in the liver.
A
The percentages of the Daily Values on food packages are given in terms of a person requiring _____ calories each day. Select one: a. 2,000 b. 2,500 c. 3,000 d. 3,500
A
The principal food source of chloride is: Select one: a. salt. b. animal products. c. plants. d. grains.
A
The strategy of combining two _____ plant protein sources permits the amino acids in one food to make up for those lacking in the other food. Select one: a. complementary b. complete c. high-tryptophan d. a and b e. b and c
A
To replace saturated fats with monounsaturated fats in your diet, you could use _____ instead of _____. Select one: a. canola oil, butter b. safflower oil, olive oil c. stick margarine, canola oil d. butter, olive oil
A
When amino acids are degraded for energy, their amine groups are stripped off and used elsewhere or incorporated by the liver into: Select one: a. bile. b. urea. c. glucose. d. urine.
A
When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the: Select one: a. pancreas. b. liver. c. stomach. d. gallbladder.
A
Which breakfast would provide the most fiber? Select one: a. 2 oz. bran cereal with nonfat milk b. 8 oz. yogurt sweetened with honey c. 2 slices French toast (enriched bread) d. 1 cup cream of wheat and 8 oz. orange juice
A
Which of the following conditions is the most nutrition responsive? Select one: a. hypertension b. diabetes c. iron-deficiency anemia d. sickle-cell anemia
A
Which statement about the effects of fructose on lipid metabolism is accurate? Select one: a. Consumption of large amounts of purified fructose causes fat to accumulate in the blood and liver. b. Foods that naturally contain fructose have the same effect on blood lipids as purified fructose. c. High-fructose corn syrup (HCFS) has a much different metabolic effect on lipids than sucrose when eaten in the same amounts. d. Fructose can make a person fat even when the calorie intake does not exceed the body's energy need.
A
5 characteristics of a nutritious diet
Adequacy Balance Calorie Moderation Variety
All of the following are true regarding the discretionary calorie allowance except: Select one: a. it may be spent on nutrient-dense foods. b. it is the amount of additional calories needed for nutritional adequacy. c. it is a useful concept for those trying to limit calorie intakes. d. it may be spent on added sugars.
B
All of the following dietary factors are protective against CVD except: Select one: a. omega-3 fatty acids. b. a low-carbohydrate diet. c. legumes. d. fish oils.
B
An individual has developed heart disease and high blood lipid values and refuses to take lipid-lowering prescription medications. Which vitamin might be suggested by his physicians as an alternative for lowering blood lipids? Select one: a. vitamin A b. niacin c. vitamin C d. thiamin
B
Calcium in the body's fluids performs all of the following major roles except: Select one: a. regulating the transport of ions across cell membranes. b. helping maintain normal blood glucose. c. participating in blood clotting. d. facilitating muscle contraction.
B
Calculate the recommended daily protein intake for a female marathon runner weighing 126 pounds. Select one: a. 46-50 g b. 69-80 g c. 88-92 g d. 92-97 g
B
If a person has a deficient dietary intake of calcium, what will be the result? Select one: a. a reduced rate of calcium absorption b. no change in levels of calcium in the blood because calcium will be pulled from the bones c. a gain of body weight d. lowered levels of calcium in the blood because of the deficiency
B
Joe's doctor tells him his CVD risk is low when tests reveal Joe's: Select one: a. LDL cholesterol is 150 mg/dL. b. diastolic blood pressure is 80 mm Hg. c. HDL cholesterol is 25 mg/dL. d. blood cholesterol is 240 mg/dL.
B
Low blood selenium correlates with development of: Select one: a. chronic fatigue. b. prostate cancer. c. poor immunity. d. lung cancer.
B
Sulfate is adequate in a diet that contains sufficient: Select one: a. fat. b. protein. c. carbohydrate. d. vitamins.
B
The DRI for protein for healthy adults is _____ gram(s) per kilogram of body weight. Select one: a. 0.5 b. 0.8 c. 1.0 d. 1.5
B
The best way to increase consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is to: Select one: a. increase intake of seed oils. b. choose fish as a protein food often. c. limit intake of polyunsaturated fats. d. take fish oil supplements.
B
The role of inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis includes: Select one: a. damage to the cells lining the arteries by factors such as high HDL cholesterol. b. white blood cells being sent to the site by the immune system to try to repair the damage. c. production of foam cells that help to capture and remove LDL from the artery wall. d. proliferation of muscle cells of the artery wall, which repair the site.
B
What is the most accurate statement to make about the process of hydrogenation of liquid vegetable oils? Select one: a. Hydrogenation makes the oils more healthy because of the addition of hydrogen to keep them liquid in food products. b. Oils that have been hydrogenated are more resistant to oxidation that will spoil them and make them rancid. c. Hydrogenation will increase the activity of vitamins found in the oils. d. Eating hydrogenated oils has the same health benefits as eating liquid vegetable oils.
B
When a child has a virus that has caused vomiting and diarrhea over several days' time it is critical for her to receive medical care because: Select one: a. her fever will cause her to retain too much extra fluid. b. she may need help in replacing extreme fluid losses. c. in the cells, sodium concentration increases, leading to danger of swelling. d. her kidneys will pump extra fluids into the bloodstream.
B
When the pancreas detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar, glucose, it releases: Select one: a. lymph. b. insulin. c. antibodies. d. glucagon.
B
Which of the following is not a result of obesity? Select one: a. a tripled risk for diabetes b. a doubled risk for osteoporosis c. up to half of hypertension cases d. a shift in adipokine balance
B
Which of the following must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized? Select one: a. iron b. iodine c. zinc d. fluoride
B
Which of the following nutrients yield energy, but also provide materials that form structures and working parts of body tissues? Select one: a. carbohydrates b. proteins c. fats d. vitamins
B
Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most nutritious product? Select one: a. wheat flour b. whole grain c. unbleached flour d. brown bread
B
Which of the following would be a good suggestion for making small changes in your diet for better health? Select one: a. Spread margarine instead of butter on your toast for breakfast. b. Instead of a snack of potato chips and sour cream dip eat carrot sticks and hummus. c. Purchase only foods labeled "no trans fats" to be guaranteed they are low in fat. d. Select chicken nuggets instead of a hamburger at a fast-food restaurant.
B
Without food to replenish it, the liver's glycogen supply can be depleted within as few as: Select one: a. 1-3 hours. b. 3-6 hours. c. 4-8 hours. d. 6-9 hours.
B
A person who lives in a city with high air pollution levels may be exposed to increased oxidative damage in the lungs from breathing the contaminated air. Which antioxidant vitamin is needed to protect the cells from damage? Select one: a. vitamin A b. vitamin C c. vitamin E d. vitamin K
C
All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except: Select one: a. vitamin A. b. vitamin D. c. vitamin C. d. vitamin K.
C
An endurance athlete can lose _____ of fluid an hour during activity. Select one: a. 2 cups b. 4 cups c. 1.5 quarts d. 2.5 gallons
C
Any meal should be finished at least _____ hours before an athletic competition. Select one: a. 1 or 2 b. 2 or 3 c. 3 or 4 d. 4 or 5
C
Based on the USDA MyPlate, at least _____ of the plate should be occupied by fruits and vegetables at each meal. Select one: a. 1/ 3 b. 1/ 4 c. 1/ 2 d. 2/ 3
C
Calculate the calories needed from fat each day for a triathlete who requires 4500 calories a day. Select one: a. 550-700 b. 750-875 c. 900-1575 d. 1580-1650
C
Cholesterol is the best known of the: Select one: a. phospholipids. b. lipids. c. sterols. d. triglycerides.
C
Complex carbohydrates: Select one: a. include both single sugar units and linked pairs of sugar units. b. are known as the monosaccharides and disaccharides. c. are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber. d. a and b e. b and c
C
EPA and DHA are: Select one: a. not important in nutrition. b. essential fatty acids. c. found in the oils of fish. d. omega-6 fatty acids.
C
George is a 35-year-old athlete using nutrient supplements to give him a competitive advantage. Which of the following nutrient intake recommendations would you suggest that George become familiar with? Select one: a. Adequate Intakes b. Estimated Average Requirements c. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels d. Recommended Dietary Allowances
C
In making recommendations for protein intake, the committee on DRI took into consideration that the protein in a normal diet would be: Select one: a. primarily from animal sources. b. primarily from plant sources. c. a combination of animal and plant sources. d. used with 100% efficiency by everyone.
C
In the early minutes of an activity, _____ provides the majority of energy the muscles use to go into action. Select one: a. fat b. liver glycogen c. muscle glycogen d. protein
C
Over half of the body's magnesium is stored in the: Select one: a. teeth. b. liver. c. bones. d. blood.
C
The Nutrition Facts panel on a food label lists the following information for amounts per serving: 111 calories; 23 calories from fat. What percentage of the calories are provided by fat? Select one: a. 11% b. 19% c. 21% d. 32%
C
The amount of protein needed for physical activity varies depending on: Select one: a. the type of exercise, with endurance exercise requiring more. b. carbohydrate intake, with high carbohydrate intakes requiring more protein. c. the amount of training in a particular exercise an athlete has had. d. the need for BCAA supplementation to increase protein synthesis.
C
The hormone produced by adipose tissue in response to a gain in body fatness that helps to control obesity is: Select one: a. endorphin. b. ghrelin. c. leptin. d. insulin.
C
The metabolic syndrome greatly increases a person's risk of developing: Select one: a. hypertension. b. cancer. c. CVD. d. AIDS.
C
The vast majority of fat digestion takes place in the: Select one: a. mouth with lipases secreted in the saliva. b. stomach with lipases mixed with gastric juices. c. small intestine with lipases released by the pancreas. d. large intestine with lipases mixed with water.
C
To prevent neural tube defects in the U.S., the FDA instituted a fortification program for all grain and cereal products in conjunction with public health programs. Which vitamin was added to these foods? Select one: a. vitamin A b. vitamin E c. folate d. vitamin B 6
C
What is the intensity level of a physical activity that causes some increase in breathing, is a perceived exertion of 5 or 6, and allows you to have a conversation while doing the activity? Select one: a. sedentary b. light c. moderate d. vigorous
C
When referring to the DRI recommended intakes, it is important to remember that: Select one: a. they are designed to help an individual recover from an illness. b. they are the minimum values needed to maintain health. c. they are based on the latest available scientific research. d. they must be consumed daily because they do not account for varied intakes.
C
When setting a target for weight loss, an appropriate goal would be: Select one: a. rapid weight loss the first several weeks. b. reduction of BMI by at least 5 points. c. reduction of body weight by 5-10% over a year's time. d. a large, long-term goal to work toward.
C
When trying to consume adequate dietary iron it is helpful to: Select one: a. eat non-heme iron found only in plants because it is absorbed more efficiently. b. consider adding supplements because they are better absorbed than iron in foods. c. combine vitamin C-rich foods with non-heme iron sources to increase absorption. d. avoid combining heme-iron foods with non-heme-iron foods in the same meal
C
Which of the following is not one of the complex carbohydrates? Select one: a. most fibers b. glycogen c. galactose d. starch
C
Which of the following lunches best fits into a meal plan suggesting that a person eat 1 cup vegetables, 2 ounces grains, and 2 ounces protein foods at lunch? Select one: a. sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread, 4 tablespoons nut butter, and 1 tablespoon honey with salad of 1 cup raw spinach b. sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread and 2 ounces ham, 1 boiled egg, and 1 cup vegetable juice c. stir-fry of 1/ 2 cup tofu and 1 cup mixed vegetables on 1 cup cooked rice d. 2 ounces broiled salmon and 1 cup thick tomato sauce over 1/ 2 cup cooked pasta
C
Which of the following statements about trans fatty acids is true? Select one: a. They are made by the body. b. Their amounts are never listed on food labels. c. They arise when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated. d. They occur naturally in foods to a large extent.
C
A 55-year-old woman with a BMI of 31 and waist circumference of 37 whose father and grandfather died of heart disease is at _____ risk of developing heart disease. Select one: a. low b. increased c. high d. very high
D
A 58-year-old woman with hypertension and elevated LDL blood levels is complaining that she suddenly is feeling very tired, dizzy, and weak. What would you advise her to do? Select one: a. lie down and rest for a short time until she feels better b. eat a light snack to help relieve her nausea c. see her doctor as soon as she is able to get an appointment to have her lungs checked d. go with you to the emergency room because she may be having a heart attack
D
A person who has taken antibiotics for several months because of a severe bacterial infection may develop a deficiency of: Select one: a. vitamin A. b. vitamin D. c. vitamin E. d. vitamin K.
D
All of the following are involved in signaling satiation except: Select one: a. the stomach. b. the small intestine. c. the brain's hypothalamus. d. the heart.
D
Amino acids are "wasted" (not used to build protein or nitrogen-containing compounds) in the body whenever there is: Select one: a. not enough energy from carbohydrate and fat. b. too much protein. c. adequate high-quality protein. d. a and b e. b and c
D
At what weight can a 165-lb. woman with hypertension who plans to lose weight first expect to see a significantly lower blood pressure value? Select one: a. 125 pounds b. 135 pounds c. 145 pounds d. 155 pounds
D
Calculate how much carbohydrate a 175-pound athlete who is in training for a marathon should eat each day in order to enhance his body's storage of glycogen. Select one: a. 385-550 grams b. 40-56 grams c. 88-123 grams d. 477-795 grams
D
Characteristics of victims of anorexia nervosa include: Select one: a. they come from middle- or upper-class families. b. they tend to be perfectionists. c. they are unfamiliar with the calorie content of foods. d. a and b e. b and c
D
Characteristics of water-soluble vitamins include all of the following except: Select one: a. they seldom reach toxic levels. b. they are easily absorbed and excreted. c. they dissolve in water. d. they are stored extensively in tissues.
D
In general, studies of populations have suggested that low cancer rates correlate with: Select one: a. high vegetable intakes. b. high whole grain intakes. c. high fat intakes. d. a and b e. b and c
D
Magnesium is an important mineral that works with calcium in the body to: Select one: a. increase bone density. b. maintain acid-base balance in the cells. c. control blood glucose levels. d. help muscles contract and relax.
D
Researchers measure cardiovascular fitness with VO 2 max, which will: Select one: a. remain the same when exercising at varying altitudes. b. increase the resting heart rate to pump blood more rapidly. c. decrease the amount of oxygen needed for exercising. d. increase as fitness improves and blood is pumped more efficiently.
D
The energy-yielding nutrients include: Select one: a. protein. b. fat. c. vitamins. d. a and b e. a and c
D
Water intake is governed by: Select one: a. thirst. b. sodium intake. c. satiety. d. a and c e. b and c
D
Weight training results in all of the following except: Select one: a. improved posture. b. muscle strength and endurance. c. prevention and management of chronic diseases. d. decreased bone density.
D
Which of the following alert(s) your conscious mind to the sensation of hunger? Select one: a. hypothalamus b. stomach muscles c. taste buds d. a and b e. b and c
D
Which of the following is characteristic of liver glycogen? Select one: a. It is stored for the body's ongoing glucose needs. b. It can be released into the blood as glucose. c. It represents a three-day supply of glucose. d. a and b e. b and c
D
Which of the following is not a major source of soluble fiber? Select one: a. fruits b. legumes c. vegetables d. nonfat dairy
D
Which of the following is not one of the risk factors for CVD? Select one: a. diabetes b. hypertension c. high blood LDL d. high blood HDL
D
Which of the following is the most potentially toxic of all vitamins? Select one: a. A b. E c. K d. D
D
Which of the following statements about basal metabolism is true? Select one: a. It supports the work that goes on all the time. b. It is directly controlled by the hormone thyroxine. c. It accounts for the smallest component of the average person's daily energy expenditure. d. a and b e. b and c
D
Which statement about the best way to schedule daily physical activity is accurate? Select one: a. You can achieve weight loss with 30 minutes a day of physical activity. b. Daily physical activity goals must be met within one continuous session. c. Strength training must be done every day. d. Moderate-intensity activity can be divided into smaller sessions throughout the day.
D
You are trying to convince someone that a low-carbohydrate diet is undesirable. Reasons you would give to support your statement include: Select one: a. fat is not normally used as fuel by the brain and nervous system. b. gram for gram, carbohydrates donate fewer calories than dietary fats. c. low-carbohydrate diets are expensive and require the purchase of special foods. d. a and b e. a and c
D
Antioxidant nutrients that actively scavenge and quench free radicals in the body include: Select one: a. vitamin E. b. riboflavin. c. vitamin C. d. a and b e. a and c
E
Body mass index is unsuitable for use with: Select one: a. adolescents. b. athletes. c. pregnant women. d. a and b e. b and c
E
Characteristics of cardiorespiratory endurance include: Select one: a. increased cardiac output and oxygen delivery. b. reduced blood pressure. c. increased resting pulse. d. a and c e. a and b
E
To lower LDL cholesterol levels you would tell someone to: Select one: a. lose weight. b. consume a low-fat diet. c. increase physical activity. d. a and b e. a and c
E
Which of the following raises HDL concentration? Select one: a. weight loss b. low cholesterol intake c. physical activity d. b and c e. a and c
E
Malnutrition includes deficiencies, imbalances, and excesses of nutrients, any of which can be detrimental over time. Select one: True False
True
