Nutrition Final
Newborn calves require colostrum in the first ________________ hours after they are born. 72 48 36 24
72
Feeding represents almost ________________ of the cost of beef production. 75% 50% 25% 10%
75%
At what temperature should a five week old pup's environment be kept at? 90-100 degrees. 80-90 degrees. 70-80 degrees. None of the above
80-90 degrees the book states 85-90 degrees
What factor most determines the productivity of lactating dairy cattle? Water intake Vitamins and minerals Feed Environment
Feed
"Creep Feeding" in horses is____________________ . Feed given to foals after 2 months of age. feed to which a vitamin supplement has been added. fed only on Halloween. feed ground to a particle size smaller than 0.5mm in diameter.
Feed given to foals after 2 months of age.
What is slug feeding?
Feeding 5+ lbs of grain per meal
Sheep are more susceptible to toxicity from this mineral than other species. Zinc Copper Iron Magnesium
Copper
Concentrates
Grains or high-starch compounds
Changing a horse's diet frequently is good for their digestion. True False
False
Colostrum should not be frozen, as this causes it to lose all efficacy. True False
False
Combining different types of proteins has no effect on the biologic value. True False
False
Cow's milk works well as milk replacement for lambs. True False
False
Finishing cattle are fed high-fiber diets to increase weight gain and improve carcass characteristics True False
False
Horses should not have access to salt, as an overdose can lead to toxicity. True False
False
It is important to cool the milk prior to feeding the foal. True False
False
It is important to restrict protein during lactation so that the mild produced is not too protein concentrated. True False
False
Milk cannot be stored in a refrigerator between feedings. True False
False
Most livestock producers will need the help of a veterinary technician to formulate proper diets for their herds. True False
False
Oats are difficult to digest. True False
False
Protein should be restricted in lactating mares or the foal will grown too quickly. True False
False
Sweet Feed is tasty, high in vitamins and protein but low in fat. It contains molasses to increase palatability. True False
False
The measurement called "total digestible nutrients" is a useful measurement of energy available to the animal for use in maintaining body tissues. True False
False
To milk a mare, walk directly and swiftly to her side and firmly grasp the teat before she can move away. True False
False
When bottle feeding a foal it is appropriate to leave the mare loose in the stall with you. True False
False
What measure of feed energy value is used in swine and poultry nutrition? NE CE DE ME
ME
Swine are classified as which of these types of animals? Ruminant Monogastric Pseudoruminant HIndgut fermenters
Monogastric
What is Johnne's Disease?
Johnne's Disease is an infection and swelling of the intestines that prevents absorption of water and nutrients into the blood.
Concerning feeding lambs, which of the following statements is most accurate? "Grower" rations are for lambs weighing 15 to 25 kg (30 to 50lbs), and "finisher" rations are for those weighing 25 to 40kg (50 to 80 lbs). Hand-raised lambs are weaned from milk replacement formulas at 8 weeks of age. Lambs can be fed a relatively low-quality feed once they reach a weight of 10kg. Large, fast-growing lambs being fed high-grain rations are particularly susceptible to a bacterial "overeating disease" (enterotoxemia) that can cause death.
Large, fast-growing lambs being fed high-grain rations are particularly susceptible to a bacterial "overeating disease" (enterotoxemia) that can cause death.
Which part of the digestive system adds hydrochloric acid to the food?
Stomach
It is not the alfalfa hay, corn, or oats that are used by cells, but the amino acids, simple sugars, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. True False
True
Lactating dairy cattle cannot consume enough forage to meet their nutritional requirements and thus are supplemented with concentrated foods. True False
True
Pellets are complete and balanced nutrition. True False
True
Ruminants have the ability to break down fiber content to be used as energy, and this allows them to utilize feed that other animals cannot use. True False
True
The calf benefits the most from colostrum within the first 24 hours of life. True False
True
When feeding swine, the producer should be more concerned about the amino acid labels of the feed than about the protein content. True False
True
Young cattle require a higher percentage of protein than older cattle. True False
True
Options for milking a mare include all but which of the following? manual- by hand Udderly Easy Device a modified 60 cc syringe a goat
a goat
A lactating show should be fed 4 to 5 lb of a base ration plus 1 additional pound for every pig she is nursing. True False
True
A sow must have 5 to 7 litters per year for the swine producer to realize a profit. True False
True
Alfalfa cubes can be fed for added calories. True False
True
Alfalfa hay is high in calcium. True False
True
Beef cows need little to no feed supplementation from grain if they are fed high-quality forage or pasture. True False
True
Amino Acids
building blocks of proteins
What is the name for the first part of the large intestine? (not the opening)
cecum
Forage
grass, legumes, and hays
A finished steer will be _____________ year (s) old and weigh more than ____________________ lbs. 6months to 1; 500 6 months to 1; 1000 1 to 2; 500 1 to 2; 1000
1 to 2; 1000
Fat has _____________ times more energy per gram that protein or carbohydrates. 0.225 2.55 22.5 2.25
2.25
Milk replacement for lambs should contain ______________ fat. 5-10% 15-20% 25-30% 40-55%
25-30%
What size syringe should be used for a newborn rabbit? 1cc. 3cc. 6cc. 12cc.
3cc
What percentage of the cost of raising swine is the cost of feed? 60-70% 50-60% 40-50% 30-40%
60-70%
Water makes up what percent of an animal's body at maturity? 35-50% 45-60% 65-70% 65-85%
45-60%
The body condition score of a mare at breeding should be: 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7
5-6
Forage should be at least _________________ % of a horse's diet. 40 50 60 70
50
Carbohydrates constitute which percentage of energy on a dry-matter basis for forage and grain? 20-50% 30-60% 40-70% 50-80%
50-80%
Concerning protein in plants, which of the following statements is most accurate? -The protein's biologic value is the percentage of total amino acids ingested that pass through the intestinal cells into the bloodstream. -The biologic value of the protein in corn is comparable to that of animal- origin protein. -A feed can possess high protein content, yet that protein's biologic value can be low. -The protein efficiency ratio of a feed is the ratio of essential amino acids to the total number of amino acids in the feed.
A feed can possess high protein content, yet that protein's biologic value can be low.
Total Digestible Nutrients (TDNs)
A general measure of the nutritive value of a feed
What does colostrum contain? Antigen. Antibiotics. Antibodies. Antimen.
Antibodies
Vitamins and minerals need to be supplemented throughout the life of domestic _____________. Sheep Horses Cattle All livestock
All livestock
What are some common problems seen in orphaned animals? Diarrhea. Urine scald. Parasites. All of the above.
All of the above
Contemporary swine nutrition does not concentrate on the total protein content of feed, but on the _____________. Amino Acid Levels Albumin Content Nitrogen Content Source of the Protein
Amino Acid Levels
Protein is made up of ______________________ that are linked in a chain. Fatty Acids Minerals Amino Acids Simple Sugars
Amino Acids
What is bloat?
Bloat is when the rumen fills with excess gas.
What is the primary energy source used in livestock rations? Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Minerals
Carbohydrates
Feeding inadequate forages with little or no grain can create a deficiency of usable _________ during the last trimester of pregnancy in ewes carrying twins or triplets and can lead to ________ and ________ in the mother. protein, abortion, paralysis Carbohydrates, paralysis, coma protein, paralysis, coma carbohydrates, abortion, paralysis
Carbohydrates Paralysis Coma
Forages of good quality and properly harvested normally contain adequate levels of vitamin E and the precursor of vitamin A, which is__________. Niacin Carotene Calcium Potassium
Carotene
What two measures of feed energy value are used most widely in equine nutrition? DE and TDN DE and ME GE and TDN TDN and ME
DE and TDN
Concerning differences in the management of dairy and beef cattle, which of the following statements is most accurate? -Beef calves are weaned at 1 to 2 months of age. -The term cow-calf operation applies to the dairy industry only. -Dairy calves are weaned at 7 to 8 months of age. -Dairy calves are generally removed from their dams almost immediately and hand raised, whereas beef calves are allowed to remain with and nurse from their dams for many months.
Dairy calves are generally removed from their dams almost immediately and hand raised, whereas beef calves are allowed to remain with and nurse from their dams for many months.
Sows are limit-fed (controlled calorie intake)_________ and full-fed (to achieve as much energy consumption as possible)___________. during lactation, during gestation when not pregnant, during gestation. during gestation, during lactation. during lactation, when not pregnant.
During gestation, during lactation.
Metabolizable Energy (ME)
Energy available to the animal after energy from feces, urine, and combustible gases has been subtracted from gross energy
Which of the following methods will not help improve milk letdown in a mare? warm compresses Oxytocin injections bumping the udder fear
Fear
What type of feed do pigs eat most commonly?
Grains
What is grass tetany?
Grass tetany occurs when there are low levels of magnesium in the body
What is hardware disease?
Hardware disease is when a cow ingests metal
What is a Displaced Abomasum (DA)?
Increased formation of gas in the abomasum when a cow goes off feed.
When visiting a swine operation, you see the farmer brushing the nursing sows' teats with a solution. Which of the following substances is most likely in this solution? Iron Calcium Betadine Coconut Oil
Iron
Which of the following is not a reason to bottle feed a foal? GI disturbance Orphaned Foal is sick and weak It is fun to bottle feed baby animals
It is fun to bottle feed baby animals
What is ketosis?
Ketosis is when high energy demands force a cow to break down body fat too quickly causing a build-up of ketones to form in the blood.
Which of the following must always be supplemented to beef cattle feeding with pasture grasses? Proteins Energy in the form of grain Minerals Fats
Minerals
List the five main parts of the pig's digestive system.
Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine
What measure of feed energy value is used most widely in beef, dairy, and sheep nutrition? NE CE DE ME
NE
Amino Acids consist of: -Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and sulfur -Nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur -Helium, carbon, oxygen, and sulfur -Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and selenium
Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and sulfur
In general, a profitable cow-calf producer will produce a live calf for every __________ cow(s) per year. three two four one
One
Biologic Value
Percentage of true absorbed protein that is available for productive body functions
Digestible Energy
Subtraction of the energy lost in the feces from the consumed GE
Net Energy (NE)
The actual portion of energy available to the animal for use in maintaining body tissues or during pregnancy or lactation.
What is an abomasum?
The fourth chamber of the stomach in a ruminant. The "true" stomach
Maintenance Nutrient Requirements (MNRs)
The levels of nutrients needed to sustain body weight without gain or loss
Protein Efficiency Ratio
The number of grams of body weight gain per unit of protein consumed.
Digestion
The process of protein, carbohydrate, and fat breakdown into absorbable nutrients
Why can feeds containing low-quality protein be fed over the long term to ruminants but not to horses? -On average, a ruminant will chew it's feed three times longer than a horse, resulting in greater feed exposure to salivary digestive enzymes. -The protein quality from moderate to poor feeds will usually be improved by rumen metabolism. -Ruminants ingest dirt and plant roots, which supplement the protein obtained from feeds. -Ruminants have a much lower protein requirement than horses.
The protein quality from moderate to poor feeds will usually be improved by rumen metabolism.
What nutrient is the cheapest and most abundant? Carbohydrates Water Protein Vitamins and minerals
Water
Which nutrient is the most important in a horse's diet? Roughage Carbohydrates Protein Water
Water
What is laminitis?
When the blood vessels in the tissue of the hoof become inflamed and dilate
Define acidosis:
When the pH of the rumen drops below 6 for an extended period of time.
After bottle feeding a foal, which is not a sign of problems with swallowing? coughing vomiting milk coming out of the nostrils nasal discharge
coughing
Corn cobs, straw, and corn stalks are examples of ____________. bedding for confined animals roughage used to supplement vitamin A in the case of vitamin A deficient hay. low-grade roughage supplying inadequate protein if fed over extended periods. high-grade roughage supplying adequate protein of high biologic quality.
low-grade roughage supplying inadequate protein if fed over extended periods.
If beef cattle receive inadequate pasture feeding, supplemental energy is usually provided in the form of ___________. silage (fermented green feed) or hay oat grain corn oil barley grain
silage (fermented green feed) or hay
When restraining a foal for bottle feeding, place your hand under ____________ for support. the chest the tail the chin the neck
the chin
Gross energy
the total energy potentially available in a feed consumed by an animal
What is the small intestine lined with?
villi