Nutrition Finals

65. Which health claim has been approved by the FDA for usage on bean packages and cans?

"Diets including beans may reduce your risk of heart disease and certain cancers."

73. Pamela asks Theodore what an energy drink is, and he correctly explains, ____.

"It is a nonalcoholic beverage with extra caffeine, and sometimes other stimulants."

44. What advice would you offer to Todd?

"Set achievable goals for yourself."

38. The legal limit defining intoxication for the driver of a car is a blood alcohol content (BAC) of ____ or higher.

0.08

51. The liver can metabolize _____ ounce(s) of alcohol per hour.

0.5

49. The DRI recommend a protein intake of _____ gram(s) per kilogram of desirable body weight per day.

0.8

69. The protein RDA for adults is ____ g/kg/day but up to ____ g/kg/day is recommended for athletes.

0.8; 2.0

74. The recommended amount of legumes is _______ for a 2,000-calorie diet.

1 cup per day

61. Which choice exceeds the equivalent of one teaspoon from the oils group?

1 ounce peanuts

80. Muscles typically have enough glycogen to fuel _____ hours of activity.

1 ½ to 2

76. Sharon is an 18-year-old college student who drinks soda at lunch, at dinner, and with snacks. You notice that she rarely drinks milk and suggest that she start because the calcium recommendation for someone 9 to 18 years of age is ____.

1,000 mg per day

81. Sodium intake should be limited to ______ or less for those who are age 51 and older and those of any age who are African American or have high blood pressure.

1,500 mg

46. Mimi, who weighs 190 pounds, is trying to figure out a reasonable daily calorie level that will help her lose weight. You suggest she apply the "10-calorie rule," which would mean she should aim for ____ calories a day to begin with, and switch to ____ calories a day after she loses 10 pounds.

1,900; 1,800

85. The body can store as much as a _____ supply of vitamin A in the body.

1-year

85. Imagine you are the sports nutritionist for college athletes. What level of daily protein intake (based on desirable body weight) would you recommend for your clients?

1.2 to 2.0 g/kg

59. The National School Lunch program is designed to follow the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and to provide at least ____ of the child's nutritional requirements for the day.

1/3

20. According to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), _________ of the calories in a balanced diet should be obtained from protein.

10 to 35 percent

52. Joy decides to cook dinner with less fat tonight and instead of two tablespoons of butter, she uses one tablespoon on her baked potato. Approximately how many grams of fat did Joy remove from her meal?

12 grams

29. Carly decides to eat three-fourths of a cup of cereal #1 with three-fourths cup of fortified skim milk. Based on a 2,000-calorie diet, what percent of calories of carbohydrates will she consume?

12 percent

28. If you weigh 200 pounds and are at a desirable weight, how much of that weight is water?

120 pounds

39. Jennifer is following an 1,800-calorie weight loss plan where 30% of her daily calories are supposed to come from protein. How many grams of protein should Jennifer try to eat each day?

135g

76. If a man consumes 95 grams of protein and 2,400 total calories per day, approximately what percentage of calories would he derive from protein?

15

78. A cup of skim milk has 8 grams of protein and the Daily Value for protein is 50 grams. What is the % Daily Value for protein in a cup of milk?

16 percent

74. What is the maximum heart rate (MHR) for a person who is 45 years old?

175

53. Which of the following values represents a desirable level of total blood cholesterol in adults?

190 mg/dL

42. The volume of an empty stomach is about ____, but its capacity can increase to about ____ after eating or drinking.

1½ ounces; 1 liter

56. To reduce the risk of chronic disease, help prevent weight gain, and help sustain weight loss, MyPlate recommends at least ________ of moderate activity per week.

2 hours and 30 minutes

58. If Norma expends 2,000 calories per day to maintain her weight, about how much total fluid does she need?

2,000 to 3,000 mL

71. A woman who needs 2,000 calories daily to satisfy her energy needs can expect to consume _____ calories per day in the third trimester of her pregnancy.

2,450

72. Peak bone mass is reached at approximately ____ years of age.

30

51. To improve cardiovascular fitness, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends that an individual exercise continuously for ____ at least five times a week.

30 to 60 minutes

68. Fletcher's dietary analysis reveals that he is deriving 30% of calories from simple sugars, and he decides to try to cut back. Which item from his food record should Fletcher omit?

32 fl oz root beer

60. What is the approximate prevalence of obesity among adults in the United States today?

33 percent

42. Five grams of alcohol supplies ____ calories.

35

83. A high risk of weight-related health problems is seen in women whose waist circumference begins to exceed ____.

35 inches

40. Zach eats a 2000-calorie diet and therefore should eat no more than 65 grams of fat per day. If he has only eaten a soft pretzel (6 grams of fat) and a mocha coffee drink (20 grams of fat), how many more grams of fat can Zach have to stay within his daily fat budget?

39

28. What percentage of calories from fat does one serving of cereal #1 (without milk) have?

39 percent

36. Tom runs for his school's track team. He weighed himself before and after his race and found he had lost 2 pounds. Approximately how much water loss does this represent?

4 cups

59. A food contains 21 grams of protein, 12 grams of carbohydrate, and 5 grams of total fat. What is the percentage of calories from protein in this food?

47 percent

32. One gram of carbohydrate yields ____ calories, 1 gram of fat yields ____ calories, and 1 gram of protein yields ____calories.

4; 9; 4

50. Which of the following is the standard classification for a low-birthweight infant?

5 1/2 lb or less

41. The American Heart Association recommends a saturated fat intake of ____ of total calories.

5 to 6 percent

67. If Tim eats enough to provide an extra 500 calories per day above his energy needs, how long will it take him to gain about 5 pounds of body fat?

5 weeks

51. Which of the following statements about sodium and potassium is not correct?

A lifelong intake of foods high in sodium and high in potassium is associated with a increased risk of hypertension.

53. What characteristic should Joe expect in his Gatorade sports drink?

A mixture of glucose, sucrose, and fructose

75. Which of the following is not noted as a group that may benefit from taking a multivitamin-mineral supplement under guidance of a physician or dietitian?

A person approaching age 65

39. What type of packaging will retain the nutrients in orange juice best?

A plastic jug

44. Who would be the most appropriate person to consult for nutrition information?

A registered dietitian

58. Nicole is reading a food label on a bag of broccoli and sees "high in vitamin C." What does this mean?

A serving provides 20 percent or more of the Daily Value for vitamin C.

30. Which vitamins are fat-soluble?

A, D, E, and K

33. The ____ is the average daily amount of a nutrient that appears to be adequate for individuals when there is not sufficient scientific research to calculate an RDA.

AI

62. What is gestational diabetes?

Abnormal blood glucose tolerance during pregnancy.

33. People from which ethnic background tend to have the lowest risk for osteoporosis?

African American

73. At what point during a moderate-intensity workout does the body start to use rely less on glycogen and more on fat for fuel?

After 20 minutes

46. Which substance provides seven calories per gram?

Alcohol

79. What substance supplies energy without promoting growth or repair of the body?

Alcohol

80. ______ mediates the conversion of alcohol to _____.

Alcohol dehydrogenase; acetaldehyde

74. ______ is an inflammation of the liver.

Alcoholic hepatitis

70. Which statement about farmers' markets is not true?

All produce sold at farmers' markets is certified organic.

61. What mistake did Todd make when eating the cheeseburgers and shake?

Allowing negative emotions to reduce self-control

79. What enzyme present in the mouth is responsible for converting starch into small polysaccharides?

Amylase

47. How much additional protein do pregnant women need per day?

An additional 25 grams

48. Which food selection is the lowest in protein?

An apple

51. Sue is visiting her pregnant cousin Anna and notices that she is eating laundry starch and clay when watching TV at night. What is going on?

Anna is experiencing pica.

35. Which of the following is a nutrient-related health issue that is often seen during adolescent years?

Anorexia nervosa

41. How can a health professional usually distinguish between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Anorexia nervosa leads to an emaciated look, while bulimics may be at their desirable weight.

30. ________ are special proteins that inactivate foreign bacteria and viruses.

Antibodies

49. _______ in coffee are thought to reduce risk of type 2 diabetes in regular coffee drinkers.

Antioxidants

69. _______is the psychological desire to eat.

Appetite

71. Which substance is promoted for quick weight loss by stimulating secretion of human growth hormone?

Arginine

60. Which nonnutritive sweetener should be entirely avoided by individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Aspartame

62. Neotame is a derivative of which two amino acids?

Aspartic acid and phenylalanine

26. Tulley is a 38-year-old man who successfully lost 50 lb of excess weight. According to MyPlate recommendations, how much physical activity does he need to maintain his weight loss when he consumes only enough for his calorie needs?

At least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week

68. Your friend LaTonya says she wants to make sure she's getting enough protein without getting too much. What advice would you give her?

At least 2/3 of each meal should consist of plant-based foods such as legumes, vegetables, and whole grains.

30. How many drinks does Chris need to drink during the evening to constitute a "binge"?

At least 5

34. Which vitamins are water-soluble?

B vitamins and C

51. Which statement best describes B vitamins?

B vitamins become part of coenzymes.

67. The inability of the stomach to produce enough acid can lead to a _____ deficiency.

B12

57. Which food additive might be added by a manufacturer to maintain palatability and wholesomeness of a product?

BHT or BHA

43. Why might Juan have gas after eating dairy products?

Bacteria in his colon digest the lactose, producing gas.

44. A diet that does not overemphasize any food type or nutrient at the expense of another is following which characteristic of a healthy diet?

Balance

73. Steven is 9 years old and loves to drink orange juice whenever he can. He often drinks orange juice instead of eating food. This habit interferes most with what eating principle?

Balance

68. Which major goal is part of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Balance calories with physical activity to manage weight

56. Which product is a rich source of starch?

Beans

61. When boys and girls are compared, why do girls typically have iron intakes below the current recommendation?

Because girls consume fewer total calories than boys

64. Which food contains cholesterol?

Beef liver

64. According to "The Longevity Game" by Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, which trait or behavior is most likely to add to the average life expectancy?

Being female

79. Which factor is associated with lower HDL levels?

Being male, as opposed to being female

47. What substance neutralizes the acidic chyme once it enters the small intestine?

Bicarbonate

66. What secretion is responsible for neutralizing acid from the stomach in the small intestine?

Bicarbonate

46. What body chemical is an emulsifier?

Bile

56. Susan had her gallbladder removed. What substance would Susan's body normally store in this organ?

Bile

26. ______ refers to the process of altering foods through the use of living organisms.

Biotechnology

55. What is a primary indicator of an infant's future health status?

Birthweight of the infant

32. Gertrude has a young son named Ben, and wants to know how to make sure he grows strong bones. Ben's pediatrician advises her to include calcium-rich foods in his daily diet so he can attain a high bone mass. Why is this so important?

Bone mass is the main factor influencing bone health.

31. Who probably expended the most calories during her or his workout?

Boris, who weighs 200 pounds and walked 3 miles in 1 hour

29. Foodborne illness from _______ is most commonly transmitted by improperly canned foods.

Botulism

57. Donna read that cruciferous vegetables may reduce the incidence of cancer at several sites. Which dish is a good source of a cruciferous vegetable?

Broccoli slaw

43. Which of these foods did Todd have to severely limit while he was on the Atkins diet?

Brown rice

55. ______ are compounds that function to maintain a constant pH in the body.

Buffers

47. How do body cells keep the right amount of water inside themselves?

By pumping ions across their membranes

66. Vitamin ____ is important for collagen formation to ensure joint integrity.

C

72. Acetaldehyde affects production of red blood cells by destroying vitamin ____.

C

79. Which compound is an altered form of the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid and is falsely promoted to support lean muscle retention, weight loss, and increased exercise recovery?

CLA

73. Sue is planning a meal for Juan and wants to avoid any foods that are associated with causing gas. What food would you recommend to her that she omit from the meal?

Cabbage

43. Which drug can be administered as a nasal spray to inhibit bone resorption activity of osteoclasts?

Calcitonin

68. ________ is a calcium supplement that tends to be better absorbed, especially by older people whose secretion of stomach acid tends to be reduced.

Calcium citrate

75. Foodborne illness would have the greatest impact on which individual?

Callie, a 27-year-old pregnant graduate student

36. Based on the 2016 changes, what information is not a required element on the Nutrition Facts panel?

Calories from fat

38. What is a leading cause of death in the United States that is linked to diet?

Cancer

44. What source of lipids should be substituted for saturated fats to help lower blood cholesterol levels?

Canola oil

57. __________ is a style of Chinese cooking characterized by steaming and stir-frying, and therefore tends to be the lowest in fat.

Cantonese

67. ________ are blood vessels that carry nutrient-rich blood from the heart throughout the body to the tissues.

Capillaries

65. Which nutrients provide four calories per gram?

Carbohydrate and protein

42. ________ is a technique that can trick the body into storing extra fuel for endurance competition.

Carbohydrate loading

71. How does the type of food eaten influence stomach emptying rate?

Carbohydrates pass through the stomach more quickly than proteins.

34. _______ has the greatest impact on long-term health.

Cardiovascular endurance

41. ___________ refers to the length of time that you can keep going with an elevated heart rate—that is, how long your heart can endure a given demand.

Cardiovascular endurance

52. ______ has been falsely claimed to increase the use of fatty acids and spare glycogen during exercise.

Carnitine

78. _______ is a binder that is found in milk that hinders zinc absorption.

Casein

46. Carly wants to stay healthy and decides to purchase the cereal that may help prevent heart disease and cancer. Which cereal would she buy and why?

Cereal #2 because it contains more fiber and no saturated fat

25. From which of the following would you expect the amino acids in the protein to be most easily absorbed by the body?

Chicken

21. Marcia decides to go shopping and wants to purchase foods with less fat and calories and save money at the same time. Which food item is least likely to help Marcia meet her objectives?

Chicken nuggets

59. What factor plays the greatest role in the increase of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents?

Children and adolescents are becoming obese at an earlier age.

60. ______ helps maintain the strong acidity in the stomach and the appropriate balance of acids and bases in the blood.

Chloride

40. Which 8-ounce beverage has the lowest caffeine content?

Chocolate milk

24. What chemical stimulates the gallbladder to send bile into the small intestine?

Cholecystokinin

25. Which suggestion would be excluded in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Choose diets that emphasize refined and enriched grain products.

37. Which dietary change would be most effective for lowering one's LDL?

Choosing broiled salmon instead of a bacon burger

35. Many nutrition professionals recommend emphasizing "good carbohydrates" in the diet. What does this mean?

Choosing foods high in fiber but low in added sugars

89. What factor is classified as a cancer initiator?

Cigarette smoke

56. _______ is a secretion rich in antibodies that precedes the production of milk by the breast.

Colostrum

26. What type of nutrient is starch?

Complex carbohydrate

64. Which of the following is a major function of chloride?

Contributes the stomach secretions

69. What recommendation helps minimize the loss of vitamins that can occur as a result of improper food handling?

Cook vegetables in a microwave oven in as little water as possible.

73. Along with iron, which minerals are associated with hemoglobin and the ability of the body's red blood cells to carry oxygen?

Copper and zinc

67. The clerk recommends John purchase creatine. Which statement describes a false claim attributed to this substance?

Creatine increases performance in long, endurance-type events.

52. Which term is included in the acronym CARS, and is applied in determining the quality of information found on the Internet?

Credibility

46. ____________ is a parasite that can contaminate water that is not sensitive to chlorine and is a potential threat to people with weakened immune systems.

Cryptosporidium

65. What lifestyle or health characteristic was seen in preagricultural hunters-gathers that is not seen in modern humans?

Daily physical exertion was necessary for survival.

79. Which individual is most likely to succeed in her/his goal of losing weight?

Dan, who is happily married and likes his job

66. Which of the following are good sources of dietary calcium?

Dark green leafy vegetables like spinach

38. What is not one of the benefits that regular physical activity provides to a weight-management program?

Decreased lean body mass

45. __________ is the disruption of a protein chain's normal shape due to heat or acidity.

Denaturation

72. Which of the following is not an assumption that recommendations for protein intake are based on?

Dietary protein is of high quality only.

80. The member of a treatment team working with a person who has anorexia nervosa would be most focused on proper nutrition is the ________.

Dietitian

35. According to the current assessment of research studies, what disease risk is reduced by a diet rich in fiber from fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains?

Diverticular disease

34. Tim is a 24-year-old college student who learns that he is allergic to shrimp. What advice would you give Tim?

Do not eat shrimp at all.

76. Donna is surprised to learn that despite a family history of cancer, there is still a lot she can do to prevent cancer and lower her risk. Which is not a lifestyle behavior that can reduce her cancer risk?

Don't worry about energy intake

81. What food item would be a healthy basic selection at the grocery store?

Dry roasted nuts

62. The _____is the arm of the U.S. government responsible for monitoring municipal water supplies.

EPA

53. What would you recommend to someone who wants to make sure her intake is close to the RDA for all vitamins?

Eat a variety of all food groups daily.

49. Eunice is a 60-year-old woman who is trying to increase the amount of fiber in her diet in order to meet the Dietary Guidelines. What change would be best for her to make?

Eat air-popped popcorn in place of chips for an evening snack

30. Which choice would be best in order for Jack to lower his LDL cholesterol without decreasing his HDL cholesterol?

Eat cashews and use olive oil

67. Which food recommendation would you expect the dietitian to give?

Eat fresh fruit as snacks.

71. Which strategy will help Sam manage his diabetes?

Eating a healthful diet

65. Sam is interested in eating more whole grains. Which lunch option should he avoid because it lacks a whole-grain component?

Eating baked potato chips in place of regular chips

76. How can one prevent hemorrhoids from developing or recurring?

Eating more fiber and drinking more water

28. Maria is overweight and wants to lose 10 pounds. She is at a party and is deciding what to order at the bar. Which beverage has the fewest calories when mixed with liquor?

Eight ounces club soda

60. Mark visited a local café near work and was debating what to order. He was trying to cut down on caffeine but knew that in addition to coffee, soft drinks and tea also have caffeine in them. Which choice would provide the least caffeine for Mark?

Eight-ounce cup of hot chocolate

72. Juan's father has been depressed ever since he retired and has lost his interest in eating. What can be done to help him?

Encourage Juan's father and mother to eat at their community center with their friends.

58. In the process of refining wheat into white flour, what part of the kernel is retained?

Endosperm

67. Of all the roles proteins play in the body, which one has the highest priority?

Energy

47. What would be the best way for the parents to approach Kelly about this problem?

Enlist the help of a reputable counselor before intervening.

81. Which food added to an infant's diet would help prevent iron-deficiency anemia?

Enriched cereal

32. Which factors are primarily responsible for the rapid increases in overweight children and adolescents in recent years?

Environmental and societal factors

66. What foodborne illness does Marty likely have, considering what he ate for dinner?

Escherichia coli

50. What term refers to nutrients that the body must obtain from food?

Essential nutrients

80. ____________ is the amount of a nutrient that is estimated to meet the requirement for the nutrient in half of the people of a specific age and gender.

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

45. _________refers to the traditional foods eaten by the people of a particular culture.

Ethnic cuisine

60. During one of Maya's prenatal appointments, the doctor tells her that her blood pressure is elevated. She tells Maya that some of the symptoms she is experiencing are indications that she may be developing preeclampsia. What else does Maya's doctor tell her about this condition?

Excess protein in the urine is detected.

48. What is the most serious risk that is posed by irradiation?

Exposure of workers at irradiation facilities to radioactive materials

1. Because alcohol supplies four kilocalories per gram, it is considered a nutrient.

False

1. Even when glycogen stores are well stocked, protein contributes a large percentage to the body's fuel needs.

False

1. Excess weight around the hips, thighs, and buttocks suggests a greater risk of heart disease than fat anywhere else on the body.

False

1. Glucagon can be broken down by the liver to maintain a constant blood glucose level when carbohydrates intake is inadequate.

False

1. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants receive breastfeeding exclusively for the first 12 months.

False

1. With energy needs met in the diet, excess protein is stored as muscle or lean body mass.

False

10. Adding foods sweetened with sugar substitutes to the diet will ensure successful weight loss.

False

10. Constipation is defined as not having a bowel movement daily.

False

10. Even when people are served more food, they tend to eat the same amount.

False

10. It is all right for pregnant women to have beer, but not to consume hard liquor such as scotch or vodka.

False

10. Mad cow disease was first diagnosed in cattle in the United States in 1986.

False

10. Of the two forms of iron found in foods, nonheme iron is more reliably absorbed than is heme iron.

False

11. Adults age 65 years and older typically have lower quality diets compared to younger and middle-aged adults.

False

11. Eating only plant foods will not provide enough protein to meet daily needs.

False

11. Meals eaten at fast food restaurants commonly contain similar amount of calories, fiber, and saturated fat to meals prepared at home.

False

11. Muscle strength is a muscle's power to keep going for long periods.

False

11. Regular physical activity is associated with lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.

False

12. Based on a 2,000-calorie diet, the DV for saturated fat is 10 grams.

False

12. Food irradiation is opposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to the loss of nutrients in food it causes.

False

12. Most caffeine in the United States is consumed in carbonated soft drinks.

False

12. Peristalsis is stimulated by the presence of both fiber and fat.

False

12. The amount spent by the food industry advertising food, beverage, and fast food is nearly equal to the amount spent by the government in promoting its campaign to encourage people of all ages to increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables.

False

13. All forms of table salt sold are iodized.

False

13. As a consequence of an abundant food supply, Americans experience some of the lowest rates of degenerative diseases in the world.

False

13. Chinese food served in American Chinese restaurants usually is very similar to food eaten by rural Chinese people in China.

False

13. Food allergies and food intolerances differ only in their severity of the reaction and symptoms.

False

13. Most doctors recommend that pregnant women take a prenatal vitamin and mineral supplement every day in addition to eating a healthy diet.

False

14. Long-chain fatty acids are water soluble and travel freely in blood and lymph.

False

14. Native Americans have lower rates of liver damage due to alcohol consumption than other ethnic groups.

False

14. Nutrient deficiency diseases are one of the leading causes of death in America.

False

14. The FDA requires that foods developed using genetic engineering specify this on the food label.

False

14. The ingredients on a food label are listed in alphabetical order.

False

14. The most accurate way to find out how much you should weigh is to look up your ideal weight in the ideal weight tables.

False

14. Water-soluble vitamins are more stable during preparation and cooking than fat-soluble vitamins.

False

15. Bottled water is pure and free from contaminants.

False

15. Integrated pest management involves increased application of pesticides to maximize crop yields.

False

15. Phytochemicals provide energy or building materials for cell repair.

False

15. The act of eating is fairly straightforward in that its primary benefit is linked to the physical need for food.

False

15. When purchasing a vitamin and mineral supplement, look for one that contains at least 150 percent of the Daily Value for each nutrient.

False

16. In determining portion, one hand, cupped, is a good approximation of 8 fluid ounces.

False

16. Milk chocolate is thought to positively influence cardiovascular health more than dark chocolate.

False

16. Once you have identified a number of behaviors you would like to change, you should try to change several at once to make incorporating the changes into your lifestyle easier.

False

16. Risk factors for colon cancer include a high fiber intake and low red meat intake.

False

17. Apple juice, consumed daily, may protect against urinary tract infections.

False

17. Essential amino acids are those that the healthy adult body can synthesize, given the needed parts.

False

17. Low concentrations of low-density lipoproteins are associated with a high risk of heart attack.

False

17. The social and cultural groups to which a person belongs have a little effect on food choices.

False

17. The term "fitness" describes a physical activity goal for seasoned athletes.

False

18. A BMI of 30.0 or greater is defined as overweight.

False

18. Diet is the sole culprit in causing chronic diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease.

False

18. The EAR for nutrients represents the average amount of a nutrient needed by a population meaning its value is usually enough to meet the needs of most healthy people.

False

18. Use of ethylene oxide is thought to be a safer method of sterilizing products such as cotton swabs, tampons, and teething rings compared to irradiation.

False

19. A nutrition claim that appears in a newspaper is usually a confirmed, and therefore reliable, finding.

False

19. Changes in metabolism only occur in those who consume excessive alcohol.

False

19. Vitamin supplements can help reduce stress, decrease fatigue, and increase energy.

False

2. An increase in body weight seen on a scale indicates that a pound of fat has been gained.

False

2. Bottled water typically contains adequate amounts of fluoride to prevent cavities.

False

2. Cholesterol is found in both plant and animal foods.

False

2. High intakes of B6, B12, and folate are associated with higher levels of homocysteine and a lower risk of blood clot formation.

False

2. The "best if used by" date on a product is merely a suggestion and can be ignored for bulk items.

False

2. The DASH diet resembles a low-carbohydrate diet, low-sodium diet that is high in protein.

False

2. The DRI values for nutrients are the same for all genders and ages.

False

2. Vegans are at particular risk for a vitamin C deficiency.

False

20. Fat in a meal increases the rate that the stomach empties which helps provide satiety.

False

20. Food insecurity was once viewed as a problem of poverty, but it now more frequently viewed as a problem of overpopulation and inadequate food production.

False

20. Multi-vitamin tablet overdoses are one of the top causes of accidental death in youngsters.

False

20. The prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia is higher in non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white children compared to Mexican-American children.

False

21. For most people, the body's ordinary metabolic activities account for a smaller part of energy expenditure than do muscular activities.

False

21. Human population studies overwhelmingly confirm the association between breast cancer and dietary fat intake.

False

21. It is important to assess the intake of all the sources of nutrients to be sure that overall consumption meets or exceeds the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) of the Dietary Reference Intakes.

False

21. Lead usually poisons a person quickly leading to sudden death after initial ingestion or exposure.

False

21. Potassium deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world.

False

22. Research has proven that the common cold can be prevented by increasing intake of Vitamin C.

False

22. The best time to try to change a behavior is when things are changing in your life, such as during a divorce or a move to another state.

False

23. Muscle protein synthesis occurs during heavy exercise.

False

23. Pear-shaped people are at a greater risk for developing diabetes, hypertension, elevated levels of blood cholesterol, and heart disease than apple-shaped people.

False

23. Since zinc is stored in the liver, it can be replenished by consuming good sources only occasionally.

False

23. The GRAS list is established by the Environmental Protection Agency.

False

23. The health benefits of olive oil are primarily due to its lower calorie content than other oils.

False

23. Vitamin A is water soluble and found in the non-fat part of the milk.

False

24. Canned foods have an infinite shelf-life.

False

24. Obesity prevention is critical during childhood since this is when fat cells increase in size.

False

24. The body's glycogen stores in the liver provide the primary source of glucose to muscles during physical activity.

False

25. A low sense of self-esteem is usually only seen in individuals with anorexia nervosa.

False

25. Effects of undernutrition contribute to just under 10 percent of deaths worldwide for children under 5 years of age.

False

25. Vitamin K and B6 play key roles in the formation of healthy red blood cells.

False

26. A deficiency in Vitamin B12 is due to inadequate intake of the vitamin.

False

26. Hitting a plateau 3 weeks into a new eating plan for weight loss is a sign that energy intake is too high.

False

26. More than 50 percent of athletes use a vitamin or mineral supplement due to the documented evidence that doing so improves performance.

False

26. The trace minerals are needed in minute amounts in the body, so deficiencies rarely ever occur.

False

27. Excessive sun exposure can cause vitamin D toxicity.

False

27. Linoleic and linolenic acids are monounsaturated fatty acids that are essential in the diet.

False

27. The modern industrialized human is closely "programmed" to require and burn nearly the same number of calories per day as the pre-agricultural hunter-gatherer.

False

27. When protein is stored in the form of fat, it can be converted back into protein later through a process known as protein synthesis.

False

28. A high-fiber diet is typically high in dietary cholesterol.

False

28. Engaging in weight-bearing exercises can increase the risk for osteoporosis.

False

28. The incidence of obesity is declining in the United States.

False

29. A diet low in fat-soluble vitamins will result in a more rapid onset of deficiency symptoms than one low in water-soluble vitamins.

False

29. During pregnancy, absorption of both calcium and iron decreases dramatically.

False

29. The chief mineral in bones and teeth is phosphorus.

False

3. Digestion begins in the esophagus.

False

3. Okinawans are a group of Eskimos that eat a high-fat diet but still maintain good health.

False

3. Only when consumption of carbohydrate and fat calories is insufficient will protein be converted to fat.

False

3. Physiologically, alcohol is a stimulant.

False

3. The Mediterranean diet provides about 20 to 25 percent of calories from fat.

False

3. The body's density can be determined with hydrostatic weighing since fat tissue is denser than lean tissue.

False

30. Exercising at the maximum heart rate (MHR) is only recommended for highly trained professional athletes.

False

4. Because the U.S. media is closely regulated, nutritional information disseminated by the media is highly reliable.

False

4. Consuming foods high in vitamin C reduces the amount of iron that the body absorbs.

False

4. Surgery is now one of the most common and successful methods used for weight control.

False

4. The amino acids in a strand of protein are similar to the identical repeating structure of sugars in carbohydrates.

False

4. The colon has the same type of mixing and peristaltic movements as in other sections of the digestive tract, but they occur more frequently.

False

4. Vegetables in the cruciferous family include carrots, sweet potatoes, and corn.

False

5. A minimum of 4 ½ servings of fruits and vegetables daily is recommended for reducing the risk of chronic diseases and their complications.

False

5. All public water in the United States is fluoridated.

False

5. Babies develop the ability to digest lactose when they are about six to nine months old.

False

5. Orange juice with added calcium is a food that likely exceeds the UL for calcium.

False

5. Soybeans are a legume which means this plant-based protein source is of lower quality compared to an egg.

False

5. Taken regularly, vitamin supplements are the best way to obtain balanced nutrition.

False

6. Iron deficiencies are more common in men than women.

False

6. Most vitamin B12 deficiencies seen in older adults are due to inadequate intake.

False

6. Palm and coconut oils are examples of polyunsaturated fats.

False

6. Some of the vitamins serve as sources of energy.

False

6. The Mediterranean Diet recommends eating meat several times a week.

False

6. The key to disease prevention and optimal health is eating certain foods and avoiding other foods.

False

6. The nutritional composition of milk is very similar across mammal species.

False

7. A healthy diet should consist of three meals a day without any snacking.

False

7. Beta-carotene found in many animal sources is a precursor to vitamin A.

False

7. Fat is used efficiently as fuel by the brain and nerves.

False

7. Foam cells play an important role in preventing heart disease progression.

False

7. Pink and white grapefruit juice contain equal amounts and types of phytochemicals.

False

7. The large intestine is the same diameter as the small intestine but longer in length.

False

7. The rates and patterns of growth in teens should be compared to their peers' growth to measure adequacy.

False

8. Beans and legumes fall in two food groups, grains and proteins.

False

8. Drinking sports beverages for continuous activities that last 30 to 60 minutes may enhance energy status.

False

8. Eating undercooked or raw egg puts a person at risk for contracting hepatitis.

False

8. Essential nutrients are synthesized by the body in amounts sufficient to meet physiological needs.

False

8. Protein is primarily used by the body as an energy source.

False

8. Risk of lifestyle-related chronic diseases is purely hereditary.

False

8. The fiber recommendation for the older adult population is 7 to 14 grams per day.

False

9. A child who is overweight should be allowed as much food as desired since proper growth requires adequate nutrition.

False

9. Basal metabolic rate is the only component of energy expenditure which an individual has voluntary control over.

False

9. Choose a calcium supplement derived from dolomite, oyster shell, or bone meal when selecting a calcium supplement.

False

9. Complementary protein sources must be eaten within two hours of one another to meet the body's need for essential amino acids.

False

9. Energy drinks, such as Red Bull, are not permitted to contain herbs.

False

9. MyPlate activity recommends at least 2 ½ hours per week of moderate physical activity such as jogging, swimming continuous laps, and bicycling uphill.

False

9. Our energy intake and expenditure is similar to that of our ancestors from 10,000 years ago.

False

9. The Okinawans have a lower prevalence of chronic diseases than most other cultures in the world.

False

26. Which nutrient provides the most energy per gram?

Fat

49. After Maggie's gallbladder has been removed, what nutrient might she have difficulty digesting?

Fat

26. What nutrients are carried initially in the lymphatic system after absorption through the small intestine?

Fat-soluble vitamins

37. What is the name of the largest U.S. national food recovery program?

Feeding America

36. When present in the small intestine, ____ stimulates peristalsis.

Fiber

64. What nutrient is not recommended for an athlete to eat right before physical exertion because it slows down digestion?

Fiber

19. Linolenic acid is one of the fatty acids synthesized by the human body.

Flase

6. Foods rich in complex carbohydrates should be avoided when trying to lose weight.

Flase

9. The body has a limited capacity to store fat.

Flase

33. Which component of fitness has Jill lost if she cannot touch her toes?

Flexibility

34. Which nutrient should Maya make sure she is consuming adequately prior to becoming pregnant to reduce the risk of neural tube defects?

Folate

84. Which vitamins work with vitamin K and vitamin B6 to maintain blood health?

Folate and B12

66. Which of the following is not usually a recommendation for someone with Sam's condition?

Follow a high-protein diet

56. Substances not in use before 1958 are classified as food additives and subject to regulation under the ____.

Food Additives Amendment

41. _________ is the most dangerous food hazard, according to the FDA.

Foodborne illness

75. Ted changed his eating habits to lose weight 2 months ago. Yesterday, he bought a gallon of cherry ice cream because it was on sale and he needed a dessert to take to a family party next week, but then couldn't resist eating two bowls of it last night. Ted is very upset that he has "blown it" and reverted to his former overeating. What should he do now?

Forgive himself and avoid keeping ice cream in his freezer overnight in the future.

50. What is a reliable source of vitamin B12 for a vegan?

Fortified soy milk

32. Approximately how long does it take for a meal to empty from the stomach?

Four hours

36. Jasmine is too busy for lunch and needs a pick-me-up to help her remain alert during her two afternoon classes. Which snack would you recommend?

Fresh peach with low-fat Greek yogurt and rolled-oat granola

55. Cryptosoridiosis outbreaks have been linked to unpasteurized milk and ____.

Fresh unpasteurized apple cider

33. Which component gives fruits their naturally sweet taste?

Fructose

71. Which food group is the best source of vitamin C?

Fruit group

42. What term in the ingredients list indicates added sugars in the product?

Fruit juice concentrate

42. Which foods make up the majority of the Mediterranean diet?

Fruits, grains, and vegetables

37. ________ is an actual change in sensitivity to a drug.

Functional tolerance

50. Substances widely used for many years without apparent ill effects are on the ____ list.

GRAS

55. _______ is a procedure that involves stapling the stomach closed near the top, leaving only a small pouch that is connected directly to the jejunum (middle section of the small intestine).

Gastric bypass

21. Which statement is correct concerning type 2 diabetes?

Generally insulin injections are not required.

46. Jack lacks control over which risk factor?

Genetics

74. Twins raised by adoptive parents tend to have body shapes similar to their biological parents. This supports which theory of obesity?

Genetics

71. Gerald has restricted his calorie intake while continuing to exercise, and has been losing 1.5 pounds per week. However, when he weighs himself at the end of week 4, he notices he has not lost any weight since last week. What does this likely mean?

Gerald's body is retaining water temporarily as part of the fat-burning process.

30. Which hormone raises levels of glucose in the blood by signaling to the liver to break down glycogen stores?

Glucagon

54. When a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon known as "hitting the wall," what nutrient is most likely depleted?

Glucose

44. What are the body's primary fuels used during exercise?

Glucose and fatty acids

15. What is the major storage form of carbohydrate in the body?

Glycogen

61. What conversion represents a catabolic reaction?

Glycogen to glucose

76. Which would be an appropriate reward for meeting weight loss goals?

Go to a theatre with friends to see a show.

55. ______ is caused by an iodine deficiency.

Goiter

49. Juan is of Hispanic origin and enjoys eating native foods. In which food group would a corn tortilla belong?

Grains

74. Helen is ordering a pizza for her family. Which topping(s) would be the best choice as a good low-calorie selection?

Green peppers, mushrooms, and onions

82. Michael is trying to eat less sodium by preparing more meals at home. Which of the following meals would be a good choice?

Grilled chicken, brown rice, and sautéed green beans

60. Which food is most susceptible to bacterial contamination?

Ground meat

35. _____ is an additive used by manufacturers to maintain consistency.

Guar gum

34. Which food provides iron in the most absorbable form?

Hamburger

48. Because he is now better informed, Jack wants to cook healthier meals. Which recommendation should he avoid?

Have no more than three alcoholic drinks per day.

68. Fortunately, Marty recovered in a few days with no lasting effects; however, many people are not so lucky. Which situation would have put Marty at high risk for serious consequences from his foodborne illness?

Having a kidney transplant within the past 5 years

42. What is the leading cause of death in the United States for people over age 24?

Heart disease

24. Which disease is least likely to be influenced by diet?

Hemophilia

31. Which statement concerning herbal remedies is accurate?

Herbal components become more concentrated when they are made into supplements.

23. ________are due to spasms in the muscle at the base of the lungs.

Hiccups

83. How would Dan's blood pressure be interpreted?

High blood pressure (hypertension)

64. What factor is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer?

High intake of calories

45. Which type of lipoprotein transports cholesterol from body cells to the liver?

High-density lipoprotein

42. Which statement accurately describes Jack's test results?

His HDL is borderline for high risk for CVD.

41. What is responsible for causing the symptoms seen during an allergic reaction such as inflammation, itching, hives, dilation of blood vessels, and a drop in blood pressure?

Histamines

76. Sue's brother, Manuel, tells her that she should also be concerned about foodborne illness from botulism, and that she should not feed Tara what food to avoid this?

Honey

17. What is the unusable, or inedible, part of a wheat kernel that provides a protective coating around the kernel?

Husk

69. ___________ initiates denaturation, the first step in breakdown of a protein.

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach

29. What is another name for high blood glucose?

Hyperglycemia

38. _______ refers to when muscles increase in size.

Hypertrophy

29. What is the meaning of the term "protein-sparing"?

If the diet provides enough carbohydrates and fats for energy, protein can be used to make new proteins.

34. What is the circular muscle surrounding the lower end of the small intestine that controls the exodus of small intestine contents?

Ileocecal valve

71. Which of the following is an example of food intoxication?

Illness produced from ingestion of food contaminated with natural toxins

22. Where in the digestive process does bile aid with digestion?

In the rectum

38. Where in the digestive process does bile aid with digestion?

In the small intestine

18. During the process of digestion, where in the body does chyme form?

In the stomach

38. Michael is a young business systems analyst who avoids fried foods and fast food, drinks only black coffee and water, consumes one alcoholic drink on occasion, uses olive oil when preparing meals, and gets 8 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Is there anything that Michael needs to do to decrease his cancer risk?

Incorporate regular physical activity.

38. Which of the following is associated with bifidus factors?

Increased "good" bacterial growth

65. What effect is attributed to drinking tea?

Increased blood pressure

37. Kelly visits her pediatrician and he notes several symptoms. Which of these symptoms is unlikely to be due to anorexia nervosa?

Intolerance of warm temperatures

72. Vitamin B12 requires what secretion in order to be absorbed?

Intrinsic factor

35. _____ is a mineral that is critical to the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

Iodine

74. Which micronutrient deficiencies are of particular concern worldwide?

Iodine, iron, and vitamin A

39. What is an example of a fortified food?

Iodized salt

54. Mark is a 5-year-old boy who loves milk. He drinks skim milk all day long. He also loves yogurt and cheese while excluding meat, fish, poultry, and legumes. For which type of deficiency is Mark at risk?

Iron

47. Which two minerals need special attention in the diets of all vegetarians?

Iron and zinc

38. Judy is looking for a new bread in the supermarket and found one labeled "organic." What does this mean?

It contains at least 95 percent organic ingredients.

64. Which statement is true about hypoglycemia?

It is aggravated by high-sugar foods.

78. Which statement best describes a function of cholesterol?

It is an important lipid in the structure of brain and nerve cells.

18. Now that John is eating protein bars and shakes, he is consuming more protein and calories daily than he requires. What most likely happens to the excess protein?

It is converted to fat for energy storage.

73. Mary wants to lose weight in her thighs and stomach only. What should you tell her about weight loss and "spot reducing"?

It is not possible.

58. John has been eating a typical high-protein diet ever since he began working out regularly. Which description most likely characterizes his diet?

It is often low in fruits and vegetables.

51. What is special about soy protein?

It is the only vegetable food that is a complete protein.

52. Bonnie, who has a peanut allergy, peruses the refreshment table at a bridal shower. She sees a plate stacked with sandwich triangles: some made with peanut butter, and some with pimento cheese. Which statement is true?

It is unsafe for Bonnie to eat a pimiento cheese sandwich because of potential cross-contamination.

49. In which way might dental disease lead to declines in a person's nutrition status?

It may lead to difficulty chewing and thus reduce food intake.

52. Tomas is at a fraternity party and his friends are drinking beer and also smoking marijuana. What interaction would this combination have?

It may prevent vomiting, increasing the risk of alcohol poisoning.

44. While food shopping, Sue sees a label on a package of graham crackers that reads "product made with organic ingredients." What does this mean?

It means the graham crackers contain between 70 and 95 percent organic contents.

60. Which phrase best describes a very low-calorie diet?

It requires medical supervision.

49. What is the advantage of the Flavr Savr tomato?

It ripens more slowly than regular tomatoes.

44. Which would be a good reason for Sue to purchase bottled water?

It tastes better than Sue's tap water.

62. What is a function of water in the body?

It transports hormonal messages from place to place.

88. Which statement about bottled water is correct?

Its mineral content can be determined by checking with the bottling company.

50. Which individual would be at the lowest risk for osteoporosis?

Joe, who walks for 1 hour, 3 times each week

23. Jill's research on the risks of excess protein should lead her to give what advice to John?

John should consider the grams of protein rather than just a percentage of calories for appropriate protein intake.

72. Jonathan is on his school's cross-country ski team. He finds that his weight drops about 1 pound after skiing for a few hours. What accounts for this difference?

Jonathan has lost 2 cups of fluid.

54. What helps keep the body from consuming its vital tissues for energy in a prolonged diet or starvation?

Ketosis

38. Which type of vegetarian would drink a glass of milk but not eat scrambled eggs?

Lacto-vegetarian

28. What is the condition in which the body is unable or has difficulty digesting dairy products?

Lactose intolerance

56. What water contaminant can cause neurologic damage in children?

Lead

53. Which of the following is an example of a resistance training activity that John could do?

Lifting free weights

41. Holly wants to lower her risk of heart disease and decides to follow the Mediterranean diet. What modification to this diet is recommended by major U.S. health organizations?

Limit fat, including olive oil, to 20 to 35 percent of total calories.

32. What lipid is an essential nutrient?

Linoleic acid

27. Women who are pregnant should pay special attention to avoid soft unpasteurized cheese and milk products to avoid foodborne illness from _____.

Listeriosis

45. Joe is taking a nutrition course and learns that the galactose in his milk ends up as glucose. Where does this conversion take place?

Liver

52. What organs are the accessory organs of digestion?

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

62. Louise would like to lose some weight. How might the exchange lists be helpful to her?

Louise can mix and match the portion sizes for different foods that provide the same number of calories, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to plan calorie-controlled meals.

40. Heartburn is caused by which due to which sphincter muscles opening up and releasing acidic contents into the esophagus.

Lower esophageal sphincter

54. What health effect is associated with a vegetarian, plant-based eating pattern?

Lower rates of heart disease

25. Which substance is a major mineral?

Magnesium

52. ________ causes muscles to relax after contractions, helps tooth enamel to retain calcium, and is found in nuts, dark green vegetables, seafood, and chocolate.

Magnesium

32. ______ is the most valid criterion by which to judge the effectiveness of a diet.

Maintenance of weight loss afterward

13. Which of the following is a disaccharide?

Maltose

50. Lucy and Marcy are sorority sisters whose heights, weights, and ages are almost exactly the same. Lucy is studying engineering and walks several times a week for exercise. Marcy is an exercise physiology major who aspires to be a professional tennis player, and runs marathons as a hobby. How would you expect their healthful diets to differ?

Marcy needs more calories and more carbohydrates than Lucy.

42. Bob is concerned about Maya and urges her to start eating more food, especially high-fat foods. Which recommendation about weight gain during pregnancy is correct?

Maya does not need additional calories until the second and third trimesters.

59. The most important difference between the typical American diet and the typical Mediterranean diet is that ____.

Mediterraneans eat less saturated fat

66. _______ refers to the body's increased efficiency of removing high levels of alcohol from the blood due to long-term exposure.

Metabolic tolerance

57. What is the collective term for all the chemical and physical reactions occurring in living cells, including the reactions by which the body obtains and uses energy from foods?

Metabolism

77. Which statement is not correct about milk consumption?

Milk consumption has steadily risen since 1970.

43. _______ is drawn from an underground source and contains at least 250 parts per million of dissolved solids.

Mineral water

84. _______ control(s) the water balance between body cells and their environment.

Minerals

61. Four friends are dining out, and the waiter brings their orders, but one of them is wrong. Which person's order is incorrect?

Minnie, an lacto-vegetarian who is served a mushroom-tomato omelet

45. Joe engages in moderately intense physical activity for 30 to 60 minutes a day in addition to other daily activities. What is his activity level?

Moderately active

27. Bill is trying to eat healthier now that he is going to college. He takes a nutrition class and determines that his salt intake is very high from a diet analysis. Which characteristic of a healthy diet is Bill violating?

Moderation

47. Sam and Regina have a two-year old daughter, Keira. Sam wants Keira to follow the same low-fat diet like the one he and Regina follow. What advice would you give these parents?

Monitor Keira's fat intake to include 30 to 40 percent of calories, which is appropriate for children ages one to three.

68. Which fats decrease LDL-cholesterol without deceasing HDL-cholesterol?

Monounsaturated fat

69. Which of the following is a correct statement about enhanced water?

Most enhanced water beverages are not any healthier than other beverages with added sugar.

60. ______ protects the lining of the digestive tract from gastric juices and digestive enzymes.

Mucus

72. It is pizza night at the Murphy home and everyone has an opinion about what they should get as a topping on the pizza. Which choice would best support the Murphys in their goal of maintaining healthy weights?

Mushrooms and onions

81. What vitamin has been shown to reduce LDL-cholesterol and raise HDL-cholesterol when taken in doses 10 to 15 times the RDA?

Niacin

66. Which substance is not indicative of an added sugar in an ingredient list?

Niacinamide

26. _________ is found in all proteins but is absent in carbohydrates or fats.

Nitrogen

81. _____ is removed and excreted in the urine when excess amino acids are converted to fat.

Nitrogen

50. How much alcohol consumption has been proven to be safe during pregnancy?

No amount of alcohol has been proven to be safe.

49. What is the main risk factor linked to hypertension?

Obesity

66. How does the diet of the centenarians from the islands of Okinawa compare to that of most U.S. adults?

Okinawans consume more vegetables but fewer calories.

54. ________ is a noncaloric artificial fat made from fatty acids and sucrose.

Olestra

70. Sue picks up a cereal box and reads that one serving provides 15 percent of the DV for total carbohydrate. What does this DV value tell us about the cereal?

One serving provides 15 percent of the total carbohydrates that are recommended to be eaten in a day.

47. According to MyPlate guidelines, which food portion is equivalent to 1 ounce of grains?

One slice of bread

70. Which of these foods would enhance the absorption of iron?

Oranges

57. While out for dinner with Tracy, what choice would help Dan lower his sodium intake?

Order an omelet made with fresh tomatoes and herbs instead of ham.

63. What can Marty do to prevent getting a foodborne illness from a hamburger in the future?

Order burgers well done at a restaurant.

75. Which strategy would most likely support healthy eating when dining out?

Order grilled rather than fried foods

40. You are shopping for steak; which term specifies that the cows had access to the outdoors and were given no antibiotics or growth hormones?

Organic

53. __________ often predisposes a person to a sedentary life and may give rise to obesity.

Osteoarthritis

60. ______ is the vitamin D deficiency disease in adults.

Osteomalacia

82. If a female athlete has irregular menstrual periods, what long-term complication could develop as a result?

Osteoporosis

58. Which of the following is a correct statement regarding American current food intake and health status?

Over half of Americans suffer from a disease or condition is preventable through dietary intake and physical activity.

40. Which type of vegetarian excludes all animal-derived foods except eggs?

Ovo-vegetarian

67. What factor is associated with the process of atherosclerosis?

Passage through the arteries narrows

33. Which combination of foods fails to provide all of the essential amino acids?

Pasta with whole-wheat bread

42. Suppose you are planning a romantic summer picnic with your significant other, and don't have a cooler. Which menu would be the safest (that is, the least likely to cause a foodborne illness)?

Peanut butter sandwiches, corn chips, jar of salsa, and fresh oranges

69. Which snack is the most nutritious choice to take to the library if you know you will be studying for several hours?

Peanut butter with celery

35. _______ is the deficiency disease associated with niacin.

Pellagra

36. _______ gives bones and teeth their rigidity and is part of the genetic makeup of every cell in the body.

Phosphorus

43. Why is it recommended that unprocessed oils be stored in airtight containers?

Points of unsaturation in their molecules are vulnerable to oxidation

37. According to MyPlate, which food would be considered a less nutrient-dense choice that should be limited in the diet?

Potassium

67. Which of the following is the primary cause for hunger in the United States and in less developed countries?

Poverty

72. _______ is now recognized as the major cause of food insecurity.

Poverty

64. What is a feature of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Pregnancy increases the BMR.

37. Dan has been working hard to eat a lower sodium diet, lose weight, and exercise. He goes back to the doctor 2 months later and his blood pressure is 130 over 85 millimeters of mercury. How would his blood pressure be categorized now?

Prehypertension

79. What is not a factor that one should consider when choosing a supplement to purchase?

Price

20. What task is a major function of the stomach?

Producing chyme

28. Following digestion, what nutrients are first carried in the lymph?

Products of fat digestion and fat-soluble vitamins

24. What happens if the diet is lacking an essential amino acid?

Protein synthesis will be halted.

37. What is the relationship between body proteins and water?

Proteins attract water.

61. Which of the following is not a task that vitamins perform in the body?

Provide energy

82. Which herb is mismatched with its purported use?

Psyllium—improves memory

71. Which activity demonstrates making a food choice based on sustainability issues in relation to food consumption?

Purchasing corn from the farmer in your neighborhood

75. What structure controls the flow of chyme into the small intestine?

Pyloric sphincter

63. Which objective is included in Healthy People 2020?

Reduce rates of iron deficiency.

53. What would be the best way for Denarius to modify his prize-winning chili recipe to make its protein content more healthful?

Reduce the amount of ground beef and add more kidney beans and celery.

19. To prevent the risk of chronic disease in adulthood, what practice would you recommend?

Reduce time spent in sedentary behaviors.

54. Which is not a health benefit associated with moderate coffee consumption?

Reduced risk of obesity

58. Which food has the most grams of saturated fat per serving portion?

Regular cheddar cheese

75. Jill has decided to stop drinking coffee. What should be her initial approach to help avoid headaches and fatigue?

Replace a small amount of regular- with decaffeinated-coffee grounds

57. Which food is least likely to cause food allergies?

Rice

52. _______ is the vitamin D deficiency in children.

Rickets

58. To keep consumption of pesticide residues to a minimum, all of the following are recommended except:

Rinse produce with running water after cutting.

37. Sabina is concerned about her children's teeth after their first dental checkups. Her 2-year old already has a cavity and her four-year old needs to brush better. What else should Sabina's children do to prevent tooth decay?

Rinse their mouths with water after eating

43. At her sister's summer barbeque, Donna looks over the meats on the table to decide which meat to choose. In lieu of her concerns about cancer risk, what meat would be her best choice?

Roasted turkey

77. What food is an unlikely source of beta-carotene?

Romaine lettuce

84. Mary is looking at a menu trying to decide what to order. She is mindful of her weight, and wants to make a healthful selection. Which item would be the best choice?

Rotisserie chicken and mashed sweet potatoes

39. What food is a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Safflower oil

61. A patient with a high temperature complains of headache, stomachache, fever, and vomiting. Upon questioning, he admits to eating several raw eggs the day before. The most likely organism causing these symptoms is

Salmonella.

72. In the typical Mexican diet, which food would provide the most phytochemicals?

Salsa

61. Which food is fortified with iodine to prevent deficiencies?

Salt

34. __________ increase(s) both total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.

Saturated fats and trans fats

28. Which of the following foods is best known to transmit hepatitis?

Seafood

51. What is the primary source of mercury contamination in the diet?

Seafood

41. What is an endocrine function of the pancreas?

Secreting insulin

29. Sharon weighs 145 pounds and has tried to lose 15 pounds since 10th grade. She loses the weight without too much effort but then over the next few months she returns to her original weight. This would support which obesity theory?

Set-point

34. Which food safety mistake has Melissa made?

She failed to avoid cross-contamination.

65. Which aspect of Bella's lifestyle should she probably consider changing in order to grow old healthfully?

She practices reactive health care, seeking assistance only when problems occur.

56. Joy decides to use the smart shopping tips she learned in her college nutrition course. What practice should she avoid while shopping?

Shopping when she is hungry

73. ______ was the first fat replacer to gain the approval of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Simplesse

55. What food item lacks phytochemicals?

Skim milk

35. What is the main site of digestion and absorption of nutrients?

Small intestine

62. Which of the following does not decrease basal metabolic rate?

Smoking

10. Underweight individuals should reduce activity only if their health is in danger due to the underweight condition.

True

11. According to MyPlate, one egg is equivalent to 1 ounce of cooked lean meat.

True

11. Cholesterol and bile pigments from the breakdown of hemoglobin are excreted in bile.

True

11. Dark chocolate, in moderation, may positively influence cardiovascular health.

True

11. Fresh and canned vegetables vary in zinc content, depending on the soil in which they are grown.

True

11. Herbal supplements are unregulated and possibly unsafe.

True

11. High blood pressure can often be normalized by weight loss.

True

11. Some people fear that naturally occurring cross-pollination between genetically engineered plants with nearby weeds may spread traits from plants to weeds, producing superweeds.

True

11. The primary role of carbohydrates in the diet is to provide quick energy.

True

12. A product that meets the criteria as sodium-free or salt-free has less than 5 mg of sodium per serving.

True

12. Childhood obesity and hypertension are linked to the development of atherosclerosis and heart disease in adulthood.

True

12. Low vitamin K blood levels are associated with a higher risk of hip fractures in older women.

True

12. Ninety-nine percent of the calcium in the body is in the bones.

True

12. Of two individuals with the same BMI, it is possible for one to have too little body fat and one to have too much body fat.

True

12. Through thousands of years, human genes have adapted to support physically active lifestyles.

True

12. When there is a great shortage of amino acids, the body must break down such tissues as blood, muscle, and skin.

True

13. A major outbreak of foodborne illness due to E. coli that led to 500 reported cases of the illness and three deaths in the 1980s was linked to undercooked, contaminated hamburgers.

True

13. An appropriate reward for sticking to a weight-loss diet would be buying a new shirt.

True

13. Bones provide reserves of calcium, sodium, and other minerals that can be drawn on to keep blood levels constant and to meet cellular demands.

True

59. Nancy wants to prevent her daughter Andrea from developing disordered eating patterns as she grows up. What should Nancy do?

Teach Andrea to eat only when she is hungry and stop when she feels full.

56. Kelly's parents suspect she is purging as a means of maintaining her weight. What complication may occur as a result?

Tearing of the esophagus

77. Where do most Americans obtain nutrition information?

Television

13. Prior to menopause, estrogen may protect women from cardiovascular disease.

True

19. Jill and John are out to dinner and deciding what to order. Which choice most closely follows the guidelines from your text for selecting healthy protein sources?

Thai mixed vegetables with shrimp and brown rice

54. What practice is a common food safety mistake?

Thawing at room temperature

40. What problem is most responsible for Sam's type 2 diabetes?

The cells in Sam's body do not respond to insulin secreted by his pancreas.

29. __________ is thought to be the main factor contributing to a hangover.

The dehydration from the alcohol consumed

44. When milling whole wheat flour, what components of the wheat kernel are retained?

The endosperm, germ, and bran

67. Which statement about enhanced waters is correct?

The fat-soluble vitamins will not be well absorbed into the body.

31. Brodie's doctor wants his blood pressure to be reduced because his systolic pressure is too high. What does systolic pressure measure?

The force exerted by the heart as it contracts to pump blood throughout the body.

38. _____ are the part of the body responsible for sensing blood pressure.

The kidneys

59. Mary is comparing light potato chips to regular potato chips. What is the difference?

The light potato chips are lower in calories.

52. The hamburger was most likely the culprit in Marty's illness. What may have occurred to lead to his condition?

The meat was only cooked to 150 degrees Fahrenheit.

13. Regular consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables such as beta-carotene may delay may prevent or delay macular degeneration.

True

13. The concentrations of calcium, sodium, and magnesium are what distinguish hard versus soft water.

True

13. Waiting to stretch until after your warm-up makes muscles easier to stretch because it allows blood to flow into the muscles.

True

14. All the food from the stomach is gradually pushed into the small intestine.

True

14. Being physically fit means being free of disease.

True

14. Flaxseed oil and soybean oil are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

True

14. Peak bone mass marks the point where bones are the strongest and most dense.

True

14. Schools participating in the National School Lunch and/or School Breakfast programs are required to develop a school wellness policy to promote a healthy lifestyle in their students.

True

15. After the age of one, a child's growth rate slows up.

True

15. Hunger is controlled by involuntary mechanisms.

True

15. Large initial changes in a person's scale weight is often temporary and due to large losses of fluid.

True

15. Pregnancy and lactation decrease the calcium reserves in bones whenever calcium intake is inadequate.

True

15. The new Physical Fitness Guidelines for Americans stresses that the total amount of activity carried out each week is more important than the level of the activity.

True

15. The only treatment for food allergies is to avoid the offending food.

True

15. The type of fat consumed is more important than the amount of fat consumed.

True

16. Cutting back on intake of meat and poultry is a viable option for reducing fat in the diet and trimming food budgets.

True

16. DDT is banned from use not just in the United States but internationally as well.

True

16. Older persons who have problems with the activities of daily living (ADL) are more likely to be at risk for malnutrition.

True

16. The majority of the world's population experiences issues digesting lactose or lactose intolerance.

True

16. There is no practical source of vitamin D in plant foods.

True

16. Unsaturated fats are more prone to going rancid than saturated fats due to the "weak spots" in the unsaturated fatty acid.

True

16. Vitamins are organic compounds whereas minerals are inorganic compounds.

True

16. When an athlete "hits the wall," it means they have run out of glycogen stores.

True

17. Chyme must touch the walls of the small intestine to be absorbed at the proper places.

True

17. Effective obesity interventions for children tend to include a decrease in the amount of "screen time".

True

17. Food safety today refers to a food supply that is free of foodborne pathogens as well as one that is safe from bioterrorism.

True

17. Osteoblasts are the bone-building cells of the body.

True

17. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans incorporate two general themes: maintaining calorie balance over time to achieve and maintain a healthy weight, and consuming more nutrient-dense foods and beverages.

True

17. The condition in which someone binges on all types of foods and then purges by vomiting is called bulimia nervosa.

True

17. Vitamins promote growth and reproduction and help maintain health.

True

18. All food fats contain a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

True

18. Calcium is required for transmission of nerve impulses.

True

18. It is recommended that parents introduce new foods at the beginning of a meal when the child is hungry.

True

18. Phytochemicals in food are superior to the phytochemicals found in supplements.

True

18. Premature skeletal maturation is a potential health risk for adolescents who use anabolic steroids.

True

18. Tea is rich in phytochemicals, antioxidants, and caffeine.

True

19. A result of the anaerobic pathway only partially breaking down carbohydrates is a build-up of lactic acid.

True

19. Breast milk contains powerful agents that protect against bacterial infection.

True

19. Minerals are different than vitamins in that they contribute directly to the building of body structures.

True

19. Obesity is defined by the amount of body fat rather than one's body weight.

True

19. The radura symbol on a food signifies that the food has been irradiated.

True

2. Breastfeeding permits infants in many developing countries to achieve weight and height gains equal to those of children in developed countries until about 6 months of age.

True

2. People with hypoglycemia should eat several snacks throughout the day that are high in complex carbohydrates and lean protein.

True

2. Physical digestion of fiber begins in the mouth.

True

2. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a tool used to measure how well people's diets meet the Dietary Guidelines for consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, and other foods or nutrients.

True

2. The needs for the B vitamins increase proportionally with energy expenditure.

True

20. A diet high in complex carbohydrates is the best choice to ensure full glycogen stores.

True

20. A more healthful, nondiet approach to weight loss is to measure success by the strides made in adopting good eating and exercise habits rather than weight on the scale.

True

20. Fetal alcohol syndrome is completely preventable.

True

20. The DASH diet is a good eating plan to reduce risk of hypertension, as well as heart disease and diabetes.

True

21. Increased independence in life's later years is a potential benefit of physical activity.

True

21. Phytosterols are phytochemicals that block the absorption of dietary cholesterol from the intestine.

True

21. The more colorful a juice is, the more nutritious the juice usually is.

True

22. Aside from malnutrition, blood loss is the primary reason for iron deficiency.

True

22. Endurance athletes are more prone to developing mild iron deficiency.

True

22. Food additives can be used to improve the texture and appearance of a product.

True

22. Improved life expectancy has resulted from better prenatal and postnatal care and more effective means of combating disease in older adults.

True

22. Orange juice is the most nutrient-dense juice consumed in the United States.

True

22. To lower blood cholesterol, an atherogenic diet plan advocates keeping saturated fat to less than five to six percent of daily calories.

True

23. Alterations in taste and smell sensitivities may result in changes of food preferences during pregnancy.

True

23. Drinking alcohol at a rate of one drink per hour allows the liver adequate time to metabolize the alcohol completely.

True

24. Eating more fiber promotes fat and cholesterol excretion.

True

24. Excluding an entire food group may lead to vitamin deficiencies over time.

True

24. Heavy alcohol use, especially when combined with smoking, appears to increase the risk of throat and neck cancers.

True

24. Rinsing canned beans reduce sodium content of the beans.

True

24. The Institute of Medicine's Committee on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention recommends making schools a national focus point for obesity.

True

25. Amenorrhea is cessation of the menstrual period often associated with an energy deficit in a female athlete.

True

25. Low weight gain during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of having a low-birthweight baby.

True

25. Many studies have shown a positive correlation between moderate alcohol consumption and decreasing incidence of heart disease.

True

25. The Dietary Guidelines for saturated fat are the same for children age 2 years and older as they are for adults.

True

25. The only trace mineral that acts as an antioxidant in the body is selenium.

True

26. A continued desire for new knowledge and new experiences is one of the characteristics associated with good physical and mental health in later years.

True

26. Examples of standard servings are a 5-ounce glass of wine, a 12-fl oz beer, and 1 ½ fl oz of an 8-proof distilled liquor.

True

26. Incorporating some fat into one's diet is essential to maintaining good health.

True

27. Bathing, dressing, and feeding oneself are examples of activities of daily living self-care activities.

True

27. Water is essential for life and is the body's most needed nutrient.

True

28. A pregnant woman's nutrient needs are higher than usual, but her energy needs are not increased during the first trimester.

True

28. Research suggests that diet may play a role in initiating cancer, speeding its development, or preventing cancer.

True

28. The flexibility of the body depends on its degree of elasticity.

True

29. Protein breakdown dominates during heavy exercise, while muscle growth escalates after exercise.

True

29. Some studies show that garlic may reduce blood pressure.

True

3. A sedentary lifestyle can lead to bone loss.

True

3. Antioxidant nutrients are vitamins and minerals that react with oxygen, thereby protecting other compounds from damaging reactions involving oxygen.

True

3. Carbohydrate absorption, as well as most carbohydrate digestion, takes place in the small intestine.

True

3. During high-intensity training, the body requires more carbohydrate for fuel than it does during moderate-intensity work.

True

3. In proportion to size, babies need more than twice as much of many nutrients when compared to adults.

True

3. Small, local farms that are efficient in production are recommended in developing countries rather than incorporating industrial technology.

True

3. Vegetarians have a lower risk of developing cancer.

True

30. Iodine has a role in maintaining the basal metabolic rate.

True

30. Iron in the diet is present in the form of heme iron found in foods from animal sources, in nonheme iron found in some plant foods, and in foods that have been iron-enriched or fortified.

True

4. Complex carbohydrates are derived exclusively from plants.

True

4. Foodborne illnesses are thought to be underreported due to many people attributing the symptoms to the flu rather than food consumption.

True

4. One of the effects of cardiovascular conditioning is an increase in total blood volume.

True

4. Soft water contains a higher concentration of sodium than hard water.

True

4. Television viewing has been shown to be a contributing factor in childhood obesity.

True

4. The DRI requirement of a nutrient is the minimum amount of a nutrient that will prevent the development of deficiency symptoms.

True

4. Vitamin C and vitamin E are natural antioxidants that may be added to foods to increase shelf life.

True

5. A low-carbohydrate diet forces the body to draw on its own protein for its needed glucose.

True

5. Cryptosporidium is a parasite in water that is highly resistant to chlorine and other disinfectants.

True

5. Food entering the stomach from the esophagus triggers peristalsis in the stomach.

True

5. Foodborne illness caused by bacteria is typically due to improper handling that has allowed the microorganisms to flourish.

True

5. Moderate drinking, defined as no more than one drink a day for most women, and no more than two drinks a day for most men, is associated with higher HDL levels.

True

5. Stretching activities improve flexibility by increasing muscle and tendon elasticity and length.

True

5. The diet of Okinawan elders is 80 percent plant-based and is high in soy.

True

6. A vegan diet centers around grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits, and nuts and excludes all dairy, eggs, poultry, and meat.

True

6. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that has been shown to increase athletic ability slightly when consumed in moderate amounts.

True

6. SNAP is a federally funded initiative currently in place to reduce food insecurity in the United States.

True

6. The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract—also called the digestive tract—and the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.

True

6. The nervous system will use fat for fuel when in a state of fasting or carbohydrate deprivation.

True

7. A protein chain is made up of amino acids hooked together by peptide bonds.

True

7. As a benefit of exercise, active people may have resting pulse rates of 50 or even lower.

True

7. Extremely low income can put a person at risk for undernutrition.

True

7. Honey can be a cause of botulism.

True

7. Inactivity is a major contributor to obesity in America in both adults and children.

True

7. Most Americans consume almost double the sodium recommended as the Adequate Intake (AI).

True

8. A limitation of using BMI is that it does not take into account where fat is located.

True

8. Lecithin is a major constituent of cell membranes.

True

8. Most all protein foods are good sources of zinc.

True

8. Pancreatitis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis are all common consequences of heavy drinking.

True

8. The disease pellagra is characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, and, in severe cases, dementia.

True

8. The protein in a meal stimulates glucagon secretion, which opposes insulin and prevents it from storing glucose.

True

9. All substances are potentially toxic, but are hazardous only if consumed in sufficiently large quantities.

True

9. Inactivity is defined as the activity equivalent of less than 30 minutes of brisk walking each day.

True

9. Insoluble fibers help to lower blood cholesterol levels.

True

9. The Vitamins C, D, and K are all actively involved in bone health and maintenance.

True

68. __________ cup(s) of coffee a day are associated with health benefits and little indication of health risks.

Two to three

27. On average, how much water does your body lose each day in the form of sweat and urine?

Two to three quarts

71. What effect does blockage of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the body when consuming alcohol?

Urine output is increased

55. You are looking for a legitimate, qualified dietitian to advise you on a healthy eating plan for your family. Which characteristic might alert you to do further research?

Use of the term nutritionist after the individual's name

36. Robert asks Chris to list the stages of alcohol addiction put forth by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). What is the correct sequence of the scale?

Use, misuse, abuse, and dependency/addiction

89. Which statement about energy drinks is correct?

Using them during exercise may cause light-headedness and nausea.

20. Maggie explains to her mother that there are different types of vegetarian eating patterns. Which type of vegetarian would consider incorporating foods that are fortified in omega-3 fatty acids?

Vegans

53. If the clams had been the cause of illness with symptoms first appearing 2 days after the meal, what microorganism would have most likely been the cause?

Vibrio infection

86. What vitamin deficiency is associated with night blindness?

Vitamin A

63. ________ is the vitamin that is most likely to be lacking in a vegan diet.

Vitamin B12

63. Which is not a nutrient or compound that impairs iron absorption?

Vitamin C

63. Which nutrient is not supplied by drinking a glass of milk?

Vitamin C

36. Which of the following nutrients need to be supplied first by solid foods in a baby's diet?

Vitamin C and iron

40. Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin E

54. Which vitamin works with vitamin C to squelch free radicals before they injure the body?

Vitamin E

36. ______ plays a key role in blood clotting.

Vitamin K

80. ________ can be synthesized by good bacteria in the intestinal tract.

Vitamin K

48. What are organic, or carbon-containing, essential nutrients that are vital to life but needed only in relatively minute amounts?

Vitamins

43. Which of the following are now voluntary nutrients that a manufacturer may include on the Nutrition Facts panel?

Vitamins A and C

72. Which nutrients regulate the release of energy and other aspects of metabolism rather than supplying energy?

Vitamins and minerals

69. _____ is the most needed nutrient by the body and is indispensable to life.

Water

25. What substances are normally present in feces?

Water, bile pigments, fiber, and bacteria

29. Which substances are included in the six classes of nutrients?

Water, carbohydrates, and fats

53. Among popular diet plans, which has been mentioned as a good option in recent research because of its food variety and evidence-based principles?

Weight Watchers

64. Which of these types of foods is fortified with folate in order to reduce the occurrence of neural tube defects?

Wheat bread

19. Maggie is shopping for a loaf of bread and takes time to review the terms on the label. Which term describes bread that is made using the most nutritious flour?

Whole grain

67. What item is a good food source of copper?

Whole grains

54. Jack is trying to choose foods that contain whole grains. Which whole grain ingredient is present in waffle #1 that is not found in waffle #2?

Whole wheat flour

32. Which of the following is a feature of world poverty?

Women and children represent the majority of those living in poverty.

86. The clerk recommends that John increase his protein intake by purchasing amino acid supplements. Is this a good idea?

Yes, because muscle endurance increases with these products

77. Brian eats 210 g of protein and 2,500 calories. Is he within the AMDR recommendation for protein intake?

Yes, he is within the recommendation of 10to 35percent.

39. Which description is a sure way to tell that you have high blood pressure?

You have it measured and it is rated as elevated.

35. Bob wants to lower his blood cholesterol. What piece of advice should he ignore?

You should lower your intake of trans fats only, not of other types of fat.

85. Among the following groups, which has the highest metabolic rate?

Younger individuals

48. Which statement best describes amino acid supplements?

Your body cannot store them and so any excess will be converted into fat.

43. Vegans need to take care to get enough dietary ______ since binders in plant foods may reduce the availability of the nutrient to the body.

Zinc

81. Raphael, a linebacker, is starting for his school's football team at their 10:30 A.M. game on Saturday. Among the following selections, his best pre-game food choice would be ____.

a breakfast of whole-grain pancakes and 16 ounces of orange juice at 7:30 A.M.

47. The EPA sets forth a reference dose for a pesticide. This represents the amount of____.

a chemical that could be consumed daily without posing any health risk

31. Choline is ____.

a conditionally essential nutrient

75. Eating a diet that is ________ has been shown to increase an athlete's endurance.

abundant in carbohydrates

34. As a friend, Robert asks Chris to consider whether low to moderate alcohol consumption is a health benefit or a health risk for him personally. Robert also reminds Chris that the leading cause of death for college-age males is ____.

accidents

79. A sound strategy for Zoe and her parents regarding MyPlate is to ____.

add variety by choosing different foods within the food groups

53. A new requirement to the Nutrition Facts panel is the addition of _________.

added sugars

48. What are the six diet-planning principles for developing a healthy eating pattern?

adequacy, balance, calorie control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety

37. The type of activity that relates to endurance and cardiovascular fitness is termed ____.

aerobic

34. From a health perspective, fruits are better sources of sucrose and fructose than table sugar because they ____.

also provide fiber, vitamins, and minerals

62. The goal during digestion is to break carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids down into smaller units, including ____.

amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose

76. Most solids fats in the American diet come from ________.

animal foods

81. The combination of alcohol with _______ may lead to a dangerous increase in blood pressure.

antidepressants

41. The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n) ____.

antioxidant

74. A general function of vitamin C is its action as a(n) ____.

antioxidant

56. Phytochemicals have several different modes of action. Those with ____ protect cells from damage.

antioxidant properties

52. Todd is a full-time student on a limited food budget who, fortunately, has access to a kitchen and likes to cook his own meals. He always buys vegetables and fruits that are in season in order to save money. During the fall, he chooses ____.

apples, pears, and acorn and butternut squash

49. A characteristic of saturated fats is that they ____.

are usually solid at room temperature

39. The American Academy of Pediatrics has taken the position that women should stop drinking alcohol ____.

as soon as they plan to become pregnant

69. How much physical activity is recommended for children

at least 60 minutes

31. A muscle will _____ when a person stops using a muscle for a period of time due to injury, illness, or neglect.

atrophy

30. The _____ refers to the energy needed by the body to support the involuntary processes such as beating of the heart, inhaling and exhaling of air, and maintenance of body temperature.

basal metabolic rate

48. Overweight children are likely to ____.

become overweight adults

30. Because ____ are widespread in foods, people who eat a varied diet are not at risk for deficiencies of these vitamins.

biotin and pantothenic acid

77. A measurement that correlates strongly with body fat content but does not identify the location of body fat is ______.

body mass index

57. Bob knows he needs to take in fewer calories to lose weight. Bob should be aware that ____.

both saturated and unsaturated fats have nine calories per gram

68. Infants fed honey are at increased risk for

botulism.

70. Even when consumed in moderate amounts, alcohol may still increase the risk of ____ in women.

breast cancer

62. All of the following are important functions of fat in the body except to _________.

build muscle tissue

78. A possible benefit of a moderate intake of ______ prior to an event for an endurance athlete is its glycogen-sparing effect.

caffeine

52. In the current U.S. diet, the nutrient that is closest to meeting the Dietary Guidelines for Americans intake recommendations is _______.

calcium

78. The mineral ______ is most likely to be lacking in a vegan diet.

calcium

63. The concept of nutrient density is most helpful in achieving _____________.

calorie control

80. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy ____.

can result in fetal alcohol syndrome

72. Donna can lower her risk of skin cancer by consuming foods high in beta-carotene such as _____.

cantaloupe

82. According to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), approximately 45 to 65 percent of the total calories in a balanced diet should come from ____.

carbohydrates

70. When a person is hungry and needs to replenish blood glucose, she/he should eat ____.

carbohydrates, protein, and fats

45. The effect of regular exercise on heart and lung function is known as

cardiorespiratory conditioning.

59. The trace mineral ______ works closely with insulin to help the cells take up glucose.

chromium

21. Nutrients that leave the digestive tract by way of lymph are packaged as _________ that circulate throughout the body, allowing cells to withdraw fats from them.

chylomicrons

55. Once food is mixed into a semi-liquid blend in the stomach, it is called _____.

chyme

54. The best way to be sure teenagers are growing normally is to ____.

compare their heights and weights with previous measures taken

46. The strategy of combining two plant protein foods in a meal so that each provides the essential amino acids lacking in the other features ____.

complementary proteins

75. The best advice for someone who is a vegetarian to obtain enough protein in the diet is to ____.

consume a varied diet on a daily basis

58. Vitamin A toxicity is most likely to occur from ____.

consuming high-dose vitamin A supplements

31. A _______ study minimizes the chances that the results are due to a placebo effect or to bias on the part of the researcher.

controlled and randomized

65. If you consistently build your diet by choosing mostly nutrient-dense foods, you may be able to meet your nutrient needs without using your full calorie allowance. In this case, the balance of calories is called your ____.

daily limit for discretionary calories

59. Access to an abundance of foods has been shown to contribute to increased rates of ________.

degenerative diseases

54. Fluoride deficiency is best known to cause ____.

dental decay

43. One hallmark of a credible nutrition article is that it ____.

describes results of a study of a sufficiently large group of people

74. The RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) for nutrients are generally ____.

designed to be adequate for almost all healthy people

45. The enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) ____.

determines the rate at which adipose cells store fat

16. High intakes of the sugar alternatives sorbitol and mannitol can result in ____.

diarrhea

75. The term "contamination iron" refers to the ____.

dietary iron obtained when cooking in iron cookware

22. Julia and David like to drink a glass of beer or wine when they get home from work. The beer and wine contribute _____ to their diets.

discretionary calories

61. Degenerative illnesses sometimes known as ____.

diseases of affluence

27. The health benefits of tea appear to be dose-dependent meaning that __________.

drinking more tea provides the greatest effect

48. Bile empties from the gall bladder into the ____.

duodenum

58. Just like adults, many children ____.

eat a diet low in fruits and vegetables and have a lifestyle low in activity

40. To reduce the risk of macular degeneration, Juan and Rosa should ____.

eat foods rich in antioxidants, such as cantaloupe

65. The person who wishes to gain weight often has to ____.

eat more frequently

78. The habit of hara hachi bu in Okinawan culture involves ____.

eating until only 80 percent full

52. Eating too many foods with added sugars usually means getting too many ____.

empty calories

78. Aging usually decrease one's need for ______.

energy

87. Thiamin is involved in ____.

energy release from carbohydrates

53. A(n) _____________ examines populations to determine food patterns and health status over time.

epidemiological study

62. The quality of a protein depends upon the proportion of ____.

essential amino acids present

81. In addition to the five food groups, we need to include a small amount of oil in the diet for the ____ and ____ that oils provide.

essential fats; vitamin E

44. The average American's protein intake features ____.

excess intake of animal proteins

49. Excess intake of water-soluble vitamins are typically ____.

excreted in the urine

52. Excess calories, no matter whether the calories are from hamburgers or carrot sticks, will be turned to ____ within a few hours.

fat

83. Long-duration, low-intensity exercise demands energy mostly from stored ____.

fat

84. When Jill engages in activities of low to moderate intensity for greater than 20 minutes at a time, her muscles' main source of energy is ____.

fat

44. Excess glucose in the body can be stored as ____.

fat and glycogen

68. When the body does not require immediate energy, the end-products of digestion are stored as ____.

fat and glycogen

75. The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) set recommendations for ____.

fat, carbohydrates, and protein

51. Bile salts play a role in absorption of __________.

fat-soluble vitamins

24. Ketone bodies are produced from the incomplete breakdown of ____ when ____ is unavailable for the brain and nerve cells.

fat; glucose

70. A trained muscle is better equipped to use ____ for energy and can conserve its ____ supply for a longer period of time.

fat; glycogen

35. Legumes are rich in B vitamins and ____.

fiber

53. Diverticulosis is closely associated with a lack of ______ in the diet.

fiber

69. A refined grain product that is enriched is still lacking some ____ that was lost during processing.

fiber

79. Consuming an apple instead of an equivalent amount of apple juice is a more nutrient dense choice because of the apple's ______.

fiber

64. An unhealthful aspect of the traditional Mexican diet is the frequent consumption of ____.

flour tortillas, chorizo, and eggs

33. The replacement of red blood cells depends most heavily on ____.

folate

41. Citrus juices are high in ____ and low in ____.

folate; sodium

76. When a formerly sedentary person is trying to become fit, ____ is very important.

following an exercise routine consistently

69. Trans fats are ____.

formed when margarine is hydrogenated

73. A reliable source of vitamin D in the diet is ____.

fortified milk

59. Vitamin E is ____.

found mostly in vegetable oils

45. Toxic compounds created in the body that may contribute to certain chronic diseases are called _______.

free radicals

33. Ordinarily, the brain and nerves rely on ____ for energy.

glucose

87. Short-duration, high-intensity activities are fueled primarily by ____.

glucose

58. Glycogen provides the body with glucose when ____.

glucose absorbed from ingested foods is depleted

56. If amino acids are oversupplied, their amine group is excreted and the fragments that remain are converted to ____.

glucose, glycogen, or fat

42. Ketosis occurs when ____.

glycogen has been depleted and body fat is used to nourish the brain

37. Folic acid is added to ____ in order to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects.

grain products

57. Complex carbohydrates are found primarily in ____.

grains and vegetables

45. National surveys suggest that children and adolescents are the farthest from reaching the recommendations for ________.

green vegetables and legumes

35. The herb _____ is often found in energy drinks and is chemically equivalent to caffeine.

guarana

76. A statement linking the nutritional profile of a food to a reduced risk of a particular disease is known as a _______.

health claim

78. As they sit and talk, Chris begins to smoke a cigarette. Robert can't believe his friend has such poor judgment and says, "Chris, don't you know that drinking alcohol and smoking puts you at a much higher risk for ____?"

heart attack

34. A food product is high in soluble fiber which means the food label can make the health claim that consuming it is associated with a lowered risk of ____.

heart disease

37. Limiting fat intake to 20 to 30 percent of total calories is recommended to reduce the risk of ____.

heart disease

57. To promote breastfeeding, every maternity facility should ____.

help the mother start breastfeeding within one-half hour of birth

14. In general, changing one's diet by substituting complex carbohydrates in place of refined foods with added sugars typically results in a diet that is ________.

higher in fiber

66. Research in obese people seems to show that there is less susceptibility to health problems provided that the excess body fat is distributed around the ____.

hips and thighs

41. The physiological need for food is also known as _______.

hunger

78. The physiological need to eat is _______.

hunger

58. The DASH eating pattern was designed to prevent _______.

hypertension

82. More than 70 percent of all older adults can be expected to have ____.

hypertension

50. The "rule of three" recommends that ____.

if you want to change a behavior, you might need to try the new behavior three times before you can accept it

56. Fat that enters the small intestine is ____.

immediately emulsified by bile from the gallbladder

51. Cultural norms help determine food choices by ____.

influencing beliefs about which plants and animals should be eaten as food

39. Amino acids cannot be altered or used in the liver to form ____.

insoluble fiber

72. Bob read an article about fat and its relationship to health. He learned that ______.

intake of saturated fat raises blood cholesterol more than intake of cholesterol

22. Jerry signs up for a scientific study in which he will follow a special diet that may lower his high blood cholesterol level. This is a(n) ____.

intervention study

36. Chylomicrons are synthesized within the _______.

intestinal cells

31. The main difference between a food intolerance and a food allergy is the ____.

involvement of the immune system

41. Cretinism is severe mental and physical retardation of an infant due to a lack of ______ while the mother was pregnant.

iodine

35. The mineral _____ is a key component of the body's oxygen-transporting system.

iron

66. Joe is a college student interested in getting more muscular. A friend suggests that drinking a shake with raw eggs will increase his muscle mass. You tell him that one reason for cooking eggs prior to their consumption is that it releases ____.

iron and biotin

61. You can typically judge the healthfulness of a fat by looking at ________.

its hardness at room temperature

36. A genetically engineered vegetable must be labeled as such when ____.

its nutrient composition differs significantly from that of the natural vegetable

32. Caffeine consumption is known to cause _________.

jitteriness

80. One reason the stomach's hydrochloric acid is important is that it ____.

kills bacteria

44. Individuals who ________ are at high risk for a deficiency of vitamin B12.

lack intrinsic factor

35. Trends that promote obesity in the United States include the ____.

large amount of time children spend watching TV or playing video games

33. In the United States, ____ poisoning ranks as one of the most common childhood environmental health problems.

lead

65. Lead in food can come from ____.

lead crystal ware

49. The ob gene produces a hormone called ____ that tells the body to stop eating when it is released from fat cells.

leptin

55. Individuals who consume diets rich in whole-grains have improved insulin sensitivity and are ________.

less likely to develop lactose intolerance

65. In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein, a high-density lipoprotein contains ________.

less lipid

49. Dietary recommendations for sugar are to consume ______ of total calories from added sugars.

less than 10 percent

88. The National Cancer Institute estimates that about 85 percent of all cancers are associated with ____.

lifestyle factors & environmental exposure

33. In addition to digestive functions, the _____ is responsible for filtering bacteria and other particles from the blood.

liver

45. The ______ regulates the amount of glucose circulating in the blood by either synthesizing glycogen or breaking down glycogen.

liver

78. All nutrients leaving the digestive system by way of the blood are taken to the ____.

liver

54. The ____ produces bile and the ____ stores it.

liver; gallbladder

77. Heart disease is the major cause of death among women after menopause because ____.

low estrogen levels lower HDL and raise LDL

57. Regular soft drinks are ____.

low in nutrient density

37. The ________ protects the esophagus from stomach acid splashing back into the esophagus.

lower esophageal spincter

48. Eating more higher fiber foods is usually associated with _______.

lower intakes of added sugars

80. A sizable body of evidence from around the world suggests that garlic may benefit health by ____.

lowering blood cholesterol

32. To feel energetic and alert throughout the day an individual should _______.

make an effort to eat so as to maintain blood glucose levels within the normal range

31. When two glucose units are bonded together they form ____.

maltose

50. The only animal-derived food that contains significant amounts of carbohydrates is ______.

milk

45. A diet which overemphasizes ____ is likely to lead to a(n) ____ deficiency in children.

milk; iron

77. By the time the digested mixture reaches the end of the small intestine, little is left but water, indigestible residue, and ____.

minerals

55. The more fit a muscle is, the ____ it can burn for energy when oxygen is present.

more fat

40. If a dancer and a typist are the same height and have the exact same body build, the dancer will be heavier because she has ____.

more muscle mass

74. Chemical digestion of carbohydrates begins in the _______.

mouth

57. The innermost layer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract wall is called the ______.

mucosa

61. If a person uses up his or her reserve supply of glycogen and still does not eat, the body will break down ____ to provide glucose for the brain.

muscle

68. A likely result of exercising vigorously for an hour in hot, humid weather without drinking any fluids is ____.

muscle cramping and fatigue

59. The strength of a muscle is most accurately reflected in the ____.

muscle's ability to work against resistance

70. All women of child-bearing age are advised to get adequate folate to prevent cases of ____.

neural tube defects

31. Joe picks up a package of low-fat hot dogs in the supermarket. He can be confident that this food has ____.

no more than 3 grams of fat per serving

21. An amino acid that is not necessary in the diet is called a ________.

nonessential amino acid

80. A ______ food is one that is low in calories compared to the amount of nutrients it contains.

nutrient-dense

73. The biological changes associated with aging ____.

occur in all, but the rate may be altered by nutrition and lifestyle

75. Health experts advise that you decrease consumption of foods rich in _____ and increase the intake of _____ to achieve a more healthful balance.

omega-6 fatty acids; omega-3 fatty acids

79. To identify allergic reactions, foods should be introduced to an infant _______.

one at a time

39. Sucrose is composed of ______.

one glucose and one fructose unit

84. Since a woman will absorb more alcohol into her blood than a man of the same weight, _____ drink(s) for a woman could have the same effect as _____ drink(s) for a man.

one; two

32. Strict vegetarians are at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency because ____.

only animal foods contain sufficient amounts of the vitamin

41. The placenta is the ____.

organ from which the infant receives nourishment

53. The ________ has both endocrine and exocrine functions.

pancreas

67. The _____ secretes glucagon and insulin in response to changing blood glucose levels.

pancreas

48. Which meal eaten with an alcoholic beverage would most likely slow down the rate at which the alcohol is absorbed?

pepperoni pizza

69. The two factors most responsible for the epidemic of obesity are ____.

physical inactivity and excess calorie intake

62. Two natural compounds found in food that inhibit mineral absorption from the gastrointestinal tract are ____.

phytates and oxalates

22. The recommendations for protein are based on the assumption that the consumed protein will come from ____.

plant and animal sources

71. The loss of ________ from dehydration that may occur as a result of fasting, severe diarrhea, or severe vomiting may lead to sudden death likely due to heart failure.

potassium

64. Fetal alcohol syndrome is considered to be the most common cause of ____ in the United States.

preventable intellectual disability

53. Most sodium in the typical U.S. diet comes from _________ .

processed foods

39. You show Julia and David the MyPlate graphic. What important principle can you best demonstrate to them using this graphic?

proportionality—fill at least half your plate with fruits and vegetables

63. The stomach is the digestive organ where digestion of ____ is initiated thanks to hydrochloric acid.

protein

85. The _________ in cow's milk makes it an unsuitable alternative to human milk for infants.

protein

81. As the amount of _____ in a lipoprotein increases, its _____ also increases.

protein; density

38. The most reliable source of fluoride is ____.

public water

19. Entry of chyme into the small intestine is controlled by the _________.

pyloric sphincter

45. One characteristic of the ideal pesticide is that it would ____.

quickly break down to harmless products

74. The Mediterranean diet is low in _____ while emphasizing ______.

red meats; olive oil

22. The greatest single source of added sugars in the American diet is ____.

regular soft drinks

76. Avoiding the consumption of meat on Fridays during Lent is an example of a food choice based on ______.

religion

68. Milk is sold in protective cardboard or opaque plastic containers rather than in transparent glass bottles to minimize the loss of ____.

riboflavin

51. Foods with a high-nutrient density are best characterized as ____.

rich in nutrients but relatively low in calories

51. The chemical name for the nonnutritive sweetener in the pink packet is _____, which the chemical name for the nonnutritive sweetener in the blue packet is ______.

saccharin; aspartame

38. Foods with a low glycemic index number are digested slowly which may increase ______.

satiety

70. Fats provide _____ by _____.

satiety; slowing stomach emptying

34. The _______ theory claims that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its own internal controls.

set-point theory

63. Glycerol and _____ diffuse easily into intestinal cells, which release them into capillaries without further processing.

short-chain fatty acids

83. The effects of a deficiency of vitamin D are most readily observed in the ____.

skeletal system

18. All of the following are health benefits associated with intake of insoluble fiber except ___.

slows glucose absorption

27. When protein reaches the ____, it is made up largely of di- and tripeptides.

small intestine

31. When alcohol is consumed, it is mostly absorbed through the ____ and metabolized in the _______.

small intestine; liver

56. Adding about 50 mg of ____ per cup of a beverage is thought to enhance water absorption from the GI tract.

sodium

40. One nutrition-related Healthy People 2020 objective is to reduce the consumption of ____ in the U.S. population.

solid fats and added sugars

47. Isoflavones are phytochemicals found in ____.

soy products

32. Enzymes are ____.

specific for a particular reaction

23. Which carbohydrate type is mismatched with a major food source for that type?

starch—strawberries

61. Kyle wants to improve his fitness and drop a few extra pounds. The most important thing Kyle can do to achieve these goals is to ____.

start a daily or weekly exercise routine and stick to it consistently

46. Excesses of the fat-soluble vitamins are ____.

stored in the liver and in body fat

57. Muscles respond to the overload of exercise by gaining ____.

strength and endurance

70. Limiting your intake of sodium is most helpful in reducing your risk of ____.

stroke

64. Soybeans differ from other legumes because they ____.

supply all of the essential amino acids

66. The main function of vitamin D is ____.

supporting bone mineralization

65. Hemorrhoids are ____.

swollen and inflamed veins around the anus

47. The _______ is the heart rate a person must work at to achieve cardiovascular fitness.

target heart rate

82. Consumption of _____ is associated with a decrease in the plaque formation associated with Alzheimer's disease.

tea

78. High blood levels of homocysteine ____.

tend to be associated with low blood levels of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate

29. Joe finds himself troubled with gas after eating certain foods. The quantity and quality of intestinal gas is related to the types of food eaten and ____.

the characteristics of intestinal bacteria

51. Bulimia nervosa may best be described as ____.

the compulsive consumption of food followed by purging

77. The tolerable upper limit (UL) is most closely described as ____.

the daily intake of a nutrient that is unlikely to pose adverse effects in healthy people

85. Sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphorus play a major role in ____.

the distribution of water inside and outside body cells

64. Manuel tells Sue that she is going overboard by insisting that everything Tara eats is labeled "organic." A disadvantage of buying certified organic foods that he mentions is that ____.

the food may be fertilized with improperly composted animal manure containing harmful organisms

33. The largest percentage of a person's water output leaves the body through ____.

the kidneys as urine

44. Cortical bone is ____.

the thick, ivory-like outer portion of bone

47. The absorption and metabolism of alcohol is unaffected by ____.

the type of ethyl alcohol drink

51. Phospholipids can help fats cross cell membranes because ____.

they have water-soluble heads and fat-soluble tails

36. Repeatedly losing and regaining weight without engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise is unhealthy primarily because ____.

this can change body composition

42. Selenium is required for the production of the active form of ____ and also functions as a(n) ____.

thyroid hormone; antioxidant

48. One of the functions of vitamin C in the body is ______.

to function in collagen formation

42. Lycopene, found in ____, may help reduce the risk of ____.

tomatoes; prostate cancer

50. A food label can make a health claim for sugar alcohols. Consuming this nutrient is associated with a lower risk of ____.

tooth decay

39. A person wishing to develop larger muscle should ____.

train the muscles more

32. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) should be avoided when ____.

treating individuals with certain medical conditions

39. When the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, the body can synthesize niacin from the amino acid ____.

tryptophan

71. Valerie is eating lunch at the college cafeteria and is determined not to gain weight during her freshman year at college. She realizes that controlling portion sizes is the key. Which visual reference could she apply to estimate one cup of pasta?

two hands, cupped together

50. Americans are urged to eat fish at least _____ a week due to its high content of ____.

two times; omega-3 fatty acids

50. Riboflavin is destroyed by ____.

ultraviolet light

87. Consuming over three cups of coffee each daily may actually increase risk of cardiovascular disease for individuals who have _______.

uncontrolled hypertension

62. World hunger is primarily a problem of ____.

unequal access to resources

60. When amino acids are degraded for energy or glucose production, their amine groups are incorporated by the liver into ____.

urea

37. Supplements of _______ are not recommended for the elderly since absorption increases as we age.

vitamin A

59. Intrinsic factor in the stomach aids in the absorption of ______.

vitamin B12

63. The vitamin most intensively involved in protein metabolism is ____.

vitamin B6

46. Breast milk contains ample amounts of vitamins except _____

vitamin D

65. An elderly individual who cannot leave the house is at risk of a ______ deficiency.

vitamin D

76. Skin becomes less able to synthesize ____ as aging progresses.

vitamin D

55. Newborns are given an injection of _____ to prevent the possibility of a life-threatening hemorrhage.

vitamin K

63. A general principle that can help in choosing carbohydrates (and foods in general) is to choose foods that are __________.

whole-food and plant-based

40. Retarded growth and sexual development in a child may be due to a ________.

zinc deficiency

31. One pound of body fat provides _____ calories.

3,500

57. Mary is trying to lose weight and realizes that if she reduces her calorie intake by only 200 calories per day below her energy needs, she will lose about ____ pounds in one year.

20

89. What percentage of U.S. adults meet muscle strength and aerobic activity guidelines?

20

77. It is recommended that athletes consume at least _____ of protein at each meal to satisfy the need for 1.0 to 2.0g/kg of protein per day.

20 g

63. For maximum benefits, cardiorespiratory endurance episodes should be sustained for at least

20 minutes.

43. What is the recommended minimum amount of time for washing hands with warm water and soap before preparing or eating food?

20 seconds

33. Matt sprays his pan with cooking spray instead of using the two tablespoons of olive oil that he usually sautés his vegetables with. This change reduces the calories from fat in this recipe by approximately ____.

200 calories

39. Obesity is defined as weight that is ____ or more above the desirable weight for height or a BMI of ____ or greater.

20; 30

24. According to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), ____ to ____ percent of the calories in a balanced diet come from fat.

20; 35

42. A total of ____ amino acids compose the majority of protein in living things and nine are ____ to humans.

20; essential

63. If Todd's starting weight was 240 pounds, what would have been healthy and realistic goal weight in six months?

216 pounds

43. What would be a normal body weight after 1 year for a healthy infant with a birthweight of 8 lb?

24 lb

77. Testing for gestational diabetes is usually done ______.

24 to 28 weeks

27. If Steven needs 2400 calories per day to maintain his weight, what is the recommended maximum upper limit of added sugars he should consume each day?

240 calories

48. On average, a man is considered obese if he has over _____ percent body fat.

25

44. Maya's BMI is 23.8. Assuming her weight remains the same, how much weight should she gain for a healthy pregnancy?

25 to 35 pounds

33. A slice of pizza contains 24 grams of carbohydrate, 14 grams of fat, and 8 grams of protein. How many total calories would the slice of pie provide?

254 calories

58. Stephanie goes to a personal trainer who tells her she is overweight based on her BMI. Which BMI represents a value that would be categorized as overweight?

26

74. Normal weight gain during pregnancy amounts to about _____ pounds for a woman who begins pregnancy underweight.

28 to 40

63. Finally, Maya is pregnant, but she and Bob decide to wait until the 14th week of gestation before telling family and friends. What stage of pregnancy is Maya in?

2nd trimester

47. According to the Dietary Guidelines, what is the minimum amount of whole-grains that should be consumed if an individual's recommended grain intake each day is 6 ounces?

3 ounces

69. Approximately how many people in the United States are killed by foodborne illness each year?

3,000

68. A double cheeseburger with bacon contains 44 grams of protein, 28 grams of carbohydrate, and 39 grams of fat. What percentage of calories in the sandwich comes from fat?

55 percent

88. To achieve cardiovascular endurance, it is recommended by the ACSM that Jill exercise at a moderate intensity at least ____ times per week for at least ____ minutes at a time.

5; 30

21. Spencer's energy requirement is 2,400 calories. What is his DV for protein?

60 grams

47. Sasha wants to consume 30 percent of her total calories from fat and she eats 1800 calories per day. What is the maximum number of fat grams she should eat?

60 grams

54. If a food has 20 grams of fat and 300 calories per serving, what is the percentage of calories from fat in this food?

60 percent

77. Consuming two cups of milk provides _____ of calcium.

600

71. Assuming that John's ideal weight is 180 pounds, calculate his recommended protein intake (RDA).

65 grams

73. Matt is at his ideal weight of 190 pounds. How much protein would you recommend he consume daily?

69 grams

35. How much food is in the entire package of Cereal #2?

7 ½ cups

70. Two pounds of body fat is equal to approximately ____ calories.

7,500

36. What is the percent digestibility of most plant proteins?

70-90

75. What is the life expectancy in the United States?

76 (males), 81 years (females)

56. Margaret weighs 130 pounds and is at a healthy body weight for her height. Approximately what portion of her weight is composed of water?

78 pounds

41. Jack decides to purchase waffle #1 and eats three of the waffles for breakfast. Approximately, what amounts of total fat and total carbohydrates did the waffles contribute to his meal?

8 grams fat and 46 grams carbohydrates

58. Joe is 50 years old and wants to calculate his target heart rate. What would be the lower and upper limits of Joe's target heart rate?

85 to 145 beats per minute

43. What is Jill's target heart rate if she wants to workout at 50 to 65 percent of her maximum heart rate?

94 to 122 beats per minute

66. An optimal LDL-cholesterol level is ____, while an optimal HDL-cholesterol level is ____.

<70 mg/dL; ≥50 mg/dL

62. Which athlete would most likely be at risk for iron deficiency?

A 19-year-old female long-distance runner

46. Which individual is probably least susceptible to iron-deficiency anemia?

A 30-year-old businessman

38. Which food is the best example of a nutrient-dense food choice?

A baked potato

12. What is the source of stevia?

A derivative of a plant native to Brazil and Paraguay

82. Which statement correctly identifies a specific food intake behavior?

A desire to eat without feelings of hunger is called appetite

74. Which eating plan should Dan try to follow?

A diet high in produce and whole grains and low in total fat

20. Susan is deciding what to order for lunch at the fast-food restaurant near her school. Which combination would you recommend as the best nutritional selection?

A grilled chicken sandwich with mustard and side salad with vinaigrette

60. Carly is concerned about a family history of high blood pressure. Which item listed on the food label is she likely to check?

Sodium

43. How does a balanced meal help keep blood glucose from rising or dropping too quickly?

Soluble fibers slow down the rate of digestion so a steady stream of glucose is received.

27. Juan is unsure about topics surrounding gas in the digestive system. What statement about gas is correct?

Some gas is produced by the bacteria that live in our colon.

39. Manuel tells Sue there are some benefits to the use of pesticides for farmers and consumers. What characteristic is unlikely to be a benefit of pesticides?

Some pesticides like DDT remain active for years and can build up in the body.

65. Which food would not be a good source of sulfur?

Spinach

40. _______ is not true iron-deficiency anemia and is related to increased blood volume.

Sports anemia

32. Stan sweats profusely when he works out at his college's weight room, even though the facility is always very cool inside. Why is this?

Stan's working muscles give off a lot of heat, which must then be released.

30. Within 2 hours of eating, Erik developed the following symptoms: sudden onset of severe nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and fever. Which microbial pathogen is likely to have caused Erik's symptoms?

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria

71. Bob went out to dinner and ordered a steak, French fries, broccoli sautéed in canola oil, sweet tea, and sorbet for dessert. Which food is highest in cholesterol?

Steak

49. The clerk suggests that John look into anabolic steroids to give him the quickest results. What would you say to John about this?

Steroids can lead to liver abnormalities.

55. Which of the following can occur as a result of drinking alcohol excessively on a regular basis?

Stomach ulcers may develop.

33. Maya takes Accutane (isotretinoin) for acne and hopes to continue using it during her pregnancy. What advice would you give her?

Stop taking it immediately as it causes major birth defects, and consult your doctor.

69. What is the main role of the gallbladder?

Storing bile until needed

79. Which food would enhance iron absorption from the intestinal tract when eaten with a food rich in nonheme iron?

Strawberries

31. _____ is digested to glucose and fructose in the stomach.

Sucrose

50. Juan frequently acquires the hiccups. What is a common cause for this ailment?

Swallowing air

67. Juan is overweight already and Rosa is concerned that if he doesn't lose weight, he will eventually have heart disease. What steps should Juan take to minimize this risk?

Swap saturated fat sources for unsaturated fat sources.

62. Which food is a good source of the vitamin A precursor, beta-carotene?

Sweet potatoes

30. To help Juan with his constipation, which action is only advised after other measures have failed?

Take a laxative after consulting a physician.

31. Which recommendation should be disregarded by Juan and Rosa in their efforts to offset bone loss that typically occurs with aging?

Take a vitamin A supplement once each day.

34. ______ can lead to a deficiency in vitamin K.

Taking antibiotics

80. Which is not a body function that copper is involved in?

Taste perception

67. Who often plays the most powerful role in determining the typical individual's food choices?

The mother

36. Imagine that you are reading a magazine article about a new product that claims to benefit health. Which characteristic suggests that these claims might be valid?

The peer-reviewed scientific research is cited.

76. Long-term exposure to alcohol increases levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver. What does this mean?

The person must drink more alcohol than before to experience comparable effects.

60. When Jill is jogging, which characteristic determines whether this activity is aerobic or anaerobic?

The quantity of oxygen in her muscles

30. Peaches are a food source of vitamins A and C. Why would a raw peach be considered a more nutrient-dense snack than a serving of peaches canned in light syrup?

The raw peach contains similar nutrients but fewer calories because of the added sugars in the canned.

66. Which statement accurately describes the energy requirements of older adults like Juan's and Rosa's parents?

The recommended energy allowance decreases as we age due to lowered basal metabolic rates.

46. Although some studies in the past may have found that saccharin can cause bladder cancer in lab rats, why would it be considered safe today to continue using it?

The research used extremely high doses of saccharin that are not relevant for humans.

45. Ben thinks his choice of a regular soft drink is the best because he spent the least amount of money on it. However, which may be a problem with consuming a lot of soft drinks?

The risk of dental caries increases.

59. Sue is concerned about pesticide contamination of the produce she purchases. What would you say to Sue?

The risk of not eating fruits and vegetables for fear of consuming pesticide residues far outweighs the slight risk associated with these substances.

73. Simone is looking for scientifically supported information on nutrition, and performs an Internet search. Which criteria suggest that the site features unreliable information?

The sources of statistics and study findings discussed are unavailable on the site.

70. Joe is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich on whole-wheat bread. The chemical digestion of what nutrient in his sandwich is started in his mouth?

The starch in the bread

68. Todd is trying to evaluate his new weight-loss program. Which of the following would indicate that the diet plan offered by the program is healthful and beneficial?

The weight-loss program promises a weight loss of about 0.5 to 2.0 pounds per week.

61. Which statement concerning alcohol's metabolism in a man and woman of the same height and weight is correct?

The woman has a lower capacity for metabolizing alcohol than the man.

59. Which of the following is a correct statement about soda consumption?

There are no indisputable positive health benefits from soda consumption.

48. Are there symptoms for high blood pressure that Dan should watch for?

There are no symptoms.

46. Which statement best describes athletes who eat well-balanced diets?

These athletes are less likely than sedentary people to need vitamin-mineral supplements because they eat more food.

86. Chris argues that beer does not raise your blood alcohol level as much as hard liquor. Which beverage/amount combination has more alcohol than 12 ounces of regular beer?

They all contain the same amount of alcohol.

70. Which is not a common characteristic seen in high sodium diets?

They are high in whole foods.

28. What statement best describes meat analogs?

They are vegetable protein products that simulate meat products.

64. Which characteristics most accurately depict our ancestors' diets and lifestyles?

They ate less saturated fat than we do and were more active.

83. Which statement accurately describes a downside to vegetable juices?

They contain salt.

55. Sue is trying to lose weight by decreasing her energy intake by 500 calories. If she does this for three weeks, how many pounds can she lose?

Three pounds

23. According to MyPlate guidelines, which food portion exceeds the equivalent of 1 ounce from the protein foods group?

Three tablespoons peanut butter

40. Heather notices that her favorite breakfast cereal contains butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Why did the manufacturer add these ingredients?

To keep the oil in the cereal from spoiling

73. Why are pesticides used?

To kill insects, rodents, or other living things

23. _______is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States.

Tobacco

70. Maggie suggests to her mother that they should try some different types of foods that include soybeans. What soy-containing food is a soft cheese-like food that is commonly stir-fried?

Tofu

46. ______ refers to the highest amount of a pesticide that is allowed in a food when the pesticide is used according to label directions.

Tolerance

25. Marta tries to avoid sugar because she believes it is responsible for making her overweight, giving her husband diabetes, and causing hyperactivity in her grandchildren. What condition has verifiably been linked to sugar by research studies?

Tooth decay

20. Anna is still confused about the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Which statement is characteristic of type 1 diabetes only?

Treatment always involves insulin injections.

60. _________ make up 95 percent of the lipids in foods and in the human body.

Triglycerides

1. Because excesses are stored in the liver and fatty tissues, it is possible for megadoses of fat-soluble vitamins to build up to toxic levels

True

1. Integrated pest management is a type of farming technique designed to decrease use of chemicals by using strategies such as crop rotation and genetic engineering.

True

1. Lecithin is often used as a food additive to keep the fats evenly dispersed with the other ingredients.

True

1. Nearly all of our metabolism and physiology are the same as that of our ancestors who lived more than 10,000 years ago.

True

1. Skin, hair, and nails tend to have high sulfur content.

True

1. The First Amendment to the Constitution allows freedom of the press for writers to make claims for nutrition products.

True

1. The need for setting Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) for nutrients is the result of more people using large doses of supplements and the increased availability of fortified foods.

True

10. An example of functional fitness training would be tai chi.

True

10. Cow's milk is considered to be a suitable form of nutrition after an infant is 1-year old.

True

10. Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids.

True

10. MyPlate food guide identifies legumes as the only food featured in two different categories, the Grain group and the Protein Foods group.

True

10. Revisions to the Nutrition Facts panel made by the FDA in 2016 require Vitamin D as the only vitamin to be listed.

True

10. The primary function of vitamin D is the regulation of the use of calcium and phosphorus within the body.

True