Nutrition HW 3.2

A factor that can decrease BMR is ________. A. Consuming a low-energy diet B. Having a high fever C. Long endurance exercise D. Being pregnant

A

Determine which macronutrient is the most important for the scenario listed below. Contribution of this macronutrient to energy needs for fueling muscles is generally small A. Protein B. Fat C. Carbohydrate

A

For athletes who compete in continuous, intense aerobic events lasting for 90 to 120 minutes (or shorter events repeated in 24 hours), ________. A. carbohydrate-loading may benefit performance B. carnitine supplements have proven to improve the use of fatty acids as muscle fuel C. large doses of bicarbonate counter the acid production in the stomach D. all caffeine-containing foods and beverages should be avoided for at least 2 to 4 days before the competition

A

The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately ______ of energy consumed each day. A. 5-10% B. 11-15% C. 16-20% D. 50%

A

When the diet contains more energy than is expended, the excess energy ________. A. is stored as fat in adipose tissue B. increases the thermic effect of food C. increases the basal metabolic rate D. is excreted in the urine

A

There are four primary categories of energy expenditure. Of the following, which one represents the majority of total energy use by the body? A. Basal metabolism B. Thermic effect of food C. Physical activity D. Thermogenesis

A (Basal metabolism accounts for about 60% to 70% of total energy use by the body.)

Determine which macronutrient is the most important for the scenario listed below. This is an important energy source for low or moderate aerobic exercise that lasts for an extended period A. Protein B. Fat C. Carbohydrate

B

Hunger can be defined as ______. A. Starvation B. A physiological drive to find and eat food C. A sensation caused by distention of the stomach and small intestine D. A psychological drive to eat

B

The set-point theory proposes that ________. A. body temperature determines how many calories are burned B. humans have a genetically predetermined body weight or body fat C. metabolism can be reset at different stages of life D. None of these choices are accurate.

B

The success (attain and maintain reduced weight for 3 to 5 years) of non-surgical weight reduction programs has been reported to be approximately ________ for adults. A. 40% B. 5% C. 25% D. 0%

B

Lawrence is an overweight male adult embarking on his first attempt at weight loss. He has heard that in order to lose one pound of fat per week, he should cut kilocalories by 500 kilocalories per day from his normal intake. What is the theory behind the notion that a 500-kilocalorie daily deficit promotes weight loss of one pound of fat per week? A. It doesn't; he should increase calories by 150 kilocalories per day to speed up metabolism, which will help him lose one pound of fat per week. B. One pound of fat tissue has 3,500 kilocalories; 3,500 kilocalories divided by 7 days in a week means 500 kilocalories less per day will help him lose one pound of fat per week. C. Lean muscle mass growth is stimulated by calorie reduction; lean muscle mass growth promotes fat burning at a rate of approximately one pound of fat lost per week with a daily 500-kilocalorie deficit. D. It doesn't; he cannot lose one pound of fat per week with only dietary changes and he will need to include cardiovascular exercise to promote one pound of fat loss per week.

B (Fat tissue contains about 3500 kilocalories per pound. Therefore, to lose one pound of fat per week, calorie intake must be decreased by about 500 kilocalories per day.)

A "thrifty metabolism" is a genetic predisposition that ________. A. causes a person to expend higher-than-average energy at rest B. enables a person to expend fat readily C. enables a person to store fat readily D. None of these choices are accurate.

C

Compared to men, the basal metabolic rate of women is ______. A. Higher B. The same C. Lower

C

Determine which macronutrient is the most important for the scenario listed below. This should constitute the greatest percentage of calories for all macronutrients for endurance athletes in training A. Protein B. Fat C. Carbohydrate

C

Satiety is largely regulated by the ________. A. pituitary gland B. cerebral cortex C. hypothalamus D. liver

C

The highest rate of weight-loss success and maintenance among people with morbid obesity is seen with ________. A. very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs) B. jaw wiring C. gastroplasty D. commercial weight-loss programs

C

Determine which macronutrient is the most important for the scenario listed below. This is the most important macronutrient to consume during exercise when exercise duration surpasses one hour A. Protein B. Fat C. Carbohydrate

C (Carbohydrate should be upwards of 65% of total calories for endurance athletes and should even be consumed during activity when exercise surpasses one hour. Fat is important during low or moderate aerobic exercise extended time. Protein does not make a major contribution to fueling muscles when compared to carbohydrate or fat.)

Anthony is a 42-year-old male who recently lost 50 pounds by increasing his exercise and eating small, frequent meals. Now that he is in a weight-maintenance phase, his trainer recommends doing exercise for 90 minutes per day, most days of the week, at 60%-70% of his maximum heart rate. How many heartbeats per minute is 60%-70% of his max heart rate? A. 54-63 beats per minute B. 252-294 beats per minute C. 107-125 beats per minute D. 132-154 beats per minute

C (To find maximum heart rate, subtract age from 220: 220-42=178. To determine 60-70% max heart rate, multiply 178 by 60-70%=107-125 beats per minute.)

Maintenance of weight loss is fostered by ________. A. eating breakfast B. having a regular exercise plan C. self-monitoring D. All of the responses are correct

D

The essential difference between anorexia and bulimia ________. A. is age of onset. Bulimia begins in early childhood B. is gender. Men are far more likely to suffer from anorexia nervosa when they enter their teens C. is that anorexic patients are much more secretive, while bulimia patients are much more open about their eating disorder D. is that the bulimic turns to food during a crisis or problem, whereas the anorexic turns away from food

D

A weight-loss program is probably a fad diet if it ________. A. recommends expensive nutrient supplements B. uses testimonials from famous people to promote the diet C. promotes quick weight loss D. guarantees weight-loss success for everyone E. All of these choices are accurate.

E

An example of an appropriate weight-loss strategy would be a ________ A. food plan that meets the nutritional needs of the patient B. diet based on readily obtainable foods C. plan that encourages increased physical activity D. plan that helps the patient relinquish obesity-promoting beliefs E. All of these choices are accurate.

E

T or F: Ghrelin is a protein that increases appetite.

T