Nutrition Practice questions - Final

kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition caused by: 1) inadequate caloric intake 2) inadequate protein Intake 3) inadequate vitamin C intake 4) inadequate vitamin D intake

2) inadequate protein Intake

The nurse is conducting a dietary assessment on a client who is on a vegan diet. The nurse provides dietary teaching and should focus on foods high in which vitamin that may be lacking in a vegan diet? 1. Vitamin A 2. Vitamin B12 3. Vitamin C 4. Vitamin E

2. Vitamin B12 Vitamin B 12 mostly comes from animal meats

A nurse knows that instructions have been effective when the client verbalizes that a source of complete, high-quality protein is found in: 1. peanut butter 2. Black eyed peas 3. cottage cheese 4. corn

3. cottage cheese Peanut butter has protein but it is high in fat

Tuesday night is Texas night at the rehab facility. The menu is : pulled pork. rolls, green beans and salad,. Which is the only group that can make a balanced meal for themselves out of this menu? A) Asian B) Islam C) Jewish D) Hindu

A) Asian Judism and islam prohibit consumption of pork. Most devout Hindu avoid pork.

Water soluble vitamin that an excessive amount of over time may result in neuropathy and fatigue A) B6 B) B12 C) Riboflavin D) Niacin

A) B6

What is the lowest BMI defined as "obese" A) BMI of 30 B) BMI of 32 C) BMI of 35 D) BMI of 40

A) BMI of 30 30-34.9 are obese

A patient is post op after the insertion of a J tube. What is likely going to be the order for their tube feedings? A. 60 mL per hour of 1.0 kcal/ML formula B. 60 mL per hour of 2.0 kcal/ML formula C. 240 ML of 1.0 kcal/cc formula 6 times a day D. 240 ML of 2.0 kcal/cc formula 4 times a day

A. 60 mL per hour of 1.0 kcal/ML formula For a J tube you always want continuous feedings. A bolus feed will cause dumping syndrome

A patient notes she's been having constipation recently. Which mineral supplement that she is taking maybe contributing to this? A. Calcium B. magnesium C.sodium D. zinc

A. Calcium Taking antacids like tums can cause constipation because its calcium carbonate

A patient just had a wound VAC placed on their abdominal wound. Which foods would help promote wound healing? A. Citrus fruit and tomatoes B. Liver beef and Fish C. Corn poultry and greens D. Peanuts beans and pork

A. Citrus fruits and tomatoes These foods are high in vitamin C which promote tissue regrowth

A 28-year-old patient has been diagnosed with type two diabetes what statement made by the patient indicates that more teaching is needed? A. I need 45 g of fiber per day B. Keto diet is not the best for me C. I should balance carbs with protein

A. I need 45 g of fiber per day The recommended daily amount is 25 g per day

Cancer cachexia differs from starvation in that A. It is not reversible with tube feedings B. It causes weight loss C. Causes muscle loss D. It causes a protein deficiency

A. It is not reversible :c

Which is ideally maintained under 100 mg/dL? A. LDL B. HDL C. Total cholesterol

A. LDL you want cholesterol under 240 mg/dL and HDL above 60

A patient is admitted for diverticulitis. The patient has been on a full liquid diet and has been tolerating it well. Now the doctor has ordered the patient a new diet. You would expect to find what type of food on the patient's dinner tray? A. Piece of white bread skinless white potatoes and white rice B. Glass of whole milk broccoli and cabbage C. French fries chicken salad and apple pie D. Peanut butter sandwich glass of milk and strawberries

A. Piece of white bread skinless potatoes and white rice These foods are considered low residue

What dinner is likely lowest in sodium? A. Salmon with sweet potatoes B. Pasta with homemade tomato sauce C. Lean cuisine sesame chicken frozen dinner D. Grilled chicken with rice pilaf

A. Salmon with sweet potatoes

Pregnant women are at higher risk of foodborne illness. Which lunch is not allowed on a pregnant diet? A. Sous vide steak green beans and potatoes B. Tuna salad fruit cocktail and a dinner roll C. Pizza with pepperoni onion mushroom and a salad D. Egg salad sandwich with chips and an apple

A. Sous vide steak green beans and potatoes sous-vide means medium rare

A nurse is planning care for a client who has a mechanical fixation of the jar following a motorcycle crash which of the following actions are appropriate to include in the plan of care? select all that apply A. Thicken the clients liquids to honey consistency B. Encourage the clients intake of fluids between meals C. Assist the client to use a straw to drink liquids D. Ensure that the client receives ground meats

B and C

Medications for weight loss are considered with patients with: A) BMI >28 or >25 with comorbidities B) BMI > 30 or >27 with comorbidities C) BMI >35 or >33 with comorbidities D) BMI > 40 or >37 with comorbidities

B) BMI > 30 or >27 with comorbidities Over 40 BMI is weight loss surgery

Which group is at the highest risk of hypertension? A) Asian B) Black or African American C) Hispanic of Latino D) White non-Hispanic

B) Black or African American

Why are infants able to wait until 6 months to start cereal? A) Cereal increases risk of diarrhea B) Infants have iron storage that lasts 4- 6 months C) Infants are often allergic to Cereal D) All of the above

B) Infants have iron storage that lasts 4- 6 months Infant cereals are fortified with iron

A patient is displaying symptoms of confusion, fatigue, and muscle weakness. What mineral do you suspect the patient may be deficient in, and what foods would you recommend they eat? a. vitamin D: salmon, fortified dairy products b. potassium: oranges, tomatoes. potatoes C. sodium; cured meats, canned vegetables d. calcium; almonds, sunflower seeds

B) The symptoms are consistent with a potassium deficiency, and potassium is found oranges, tomatoes, and potatoes.

A patient has had gastric bypass surgery: what lunch is best after the diet progresses to solids? A) grilled cheese with ice cream B) grilled chicken, steamed rice and applesauce C) Fried chicken with mashed potatoes D) tuna salad, broccoli, and jello

B) grilled chicken, steamed rice and applesauce Everything else had high sugar items which you want to avoid after gastric bypass

RDA for protein for healthy individuals A) .6gm/kg B).8gm/kg C) 1 gm/kg D 1.2gm/kg

B).8gm/kg

A pregnant patient receiving iron supplements asks the nurse "what does iron do for me why do I have to take it?" the nurses best response is: A. The baby is using all of your iron so you need extra for yourself B. iron deficiency in pregnancy is associated with premature delivery and low birth weight C. You're not eating enough red meat D. because of the pregnancy your body is excreting iron too quickly and you're not able to replace it with your normal diet

B, alleivates risk for low birth weight and premature delivery

A mother is concerned about her newborn and the hot weather outside. She expresses a want to give her baby more to drink than just breastmilk. What is an appropriate response by the nurse. A. One small glass of water per day is acceptable. B. Your baby does not need anything but breastmilk for the first 6 months, even in hot climates. C. It is important to supplement your baby's fluid intake with water in hot climates to prevent infant dehydration. D. Babies do not experience dehydration like adults, and will be fine even in hot climates.

B, exclusively breastfeeding babies for the first 6 months, up to 6 months, water and juice are unnecessary r breastfed infants in the first 6 months of life, even in hot climates. B. Your baby does not need anything but breastmilk for the first 6 months, even in hot climates.

The menu tonight is shrimp stir fry with white rice and mixed vegetables. or cheeseburgers with salad. For which patient would you need to offer a modified menu? A) Islam B) Jewish C) Christian D) Indian

B- jewish Islam does not restrict seafood- Judism restricts all seafood without scales and fins

Which of these meals should a patient with depression on an MAOI not eat to avoid unwanted side effects? A. Fresh fish steamed broccoli and rice B. Aged cheese and cured meat with crackers C. Peanut butter sandwich on whole wheat bread D.Bowl of fruit cup of yogurt and cup of coffee

B. Aged cheese and cured meat with crackers The cheese and processed meats are high in tyramine which cause serious side effects with these medications

A patient started on the diuretic spironolactone. which foods should the patient be careful to avoid eating too much of? A. Green beans B. Bananas C. Eggs D. Hot dogs

B. Bananas Spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic

Which is true for patients on dialysis? A. They require an NPO diet B. Fluid resctriction is reccommended. C. Pts should avoid carbohydrates D. They require a higher intake of vitamin C

B. Fluid rescriction is reccommended

A patient is diagnosed with congestive heart failure and must follow a specific diet. Which spices are okay for the patient to use daily? A. Sea salt and pepper B. Ginger and bay leaves C. Garlic salt and nutmeg D. Onion sodium and garlic powder

B. Ginger and Bay leaves Ginger is known to decrease the risk of heart disease. And all of the other options had salt which will worsen the patient's fluid retention

According to Healthy American Dietary Guidelines which of the following is NOT a component of a healthy eating pattern: A. Making half of your grains whole grains B. Incorporating less than 15% of calories to saturated fats C. Including a variety of protein foods D. Adding more oils to your diet

B. Incorporating less than 15% of calories to saturated fats 10%, not 15%

Xerostomia means A: sore mouth B: dry mouth C: painful swallowing

B: dry mouth

Factor that determines ideal weight gain during pregnancy

BMI

Which of the following is a true diet concern based on culture? A) many Native Americans follow a diet that is alcohol free B) Many White Americans have a diet that is high in starch C) Asians often eat a diet high in salt D) Muslims may have diets based on the hot/cold theory of treating illness

C) Asians often eat a diet high in salt Soy sauce is liquid hypertension bro

A patient you are caring for has high cholesterol. Which lunch option would be the best to suggest? A) grilled chicken, oatmeal raisin cookie, 2% milk B) NY strip steak, whole grain bread with margarine, 2% milk C) baked chicken, broccoli, 2% milk D) Salmon, baked potato with butter, coke

C) baked chicken, broccoli, 2% milk

What is an appropriate diet for edentulous patient A) high fat B) high fiber C) mechanical soft

C) mechanical soft Endentulous us means with dentures

Which BMI would fall into the "overweight" range? A. 24.8 B.30.5 C. 26.9 D. 31.6

C. 26.9 anything over 25 but below 30

A patient has chronic kidney disease. Which food is worse to have as a snack. A. Apple slices B. Cauliflower C. Avocado D. Red bell pepper

C. Avacado Avocado is fine potassium

A patient that you are caring for has high serum cholesterol levels. Which lunch option would be most appropriate to suggest for this patient? A. Grilled chicken oatmeal raisin cookie and 2% milk b. New York strip steak whole-grain bread slice with margarine and low-fat yogurt C. Baked chicken breast broccoli and low-fat milk D. Salmon baked potato with butter and a Coke

C. Baked chicken breast broccoli and low-fat milk

Your patient is having a colonoscopy tomorrow morning what can I have for dinner the night before the procedure? A. Chicken soup crackers and Ginger ale B. Vegetable broth cherry Jell-O and black coffee C. Chicken broth lime Jell-O and Ginger ale D. Chicken broth lemon Jell-O and cranberry juice

C. Chicken broth lime Jell-O and Ginger ale Clear liquid diet with no red dyes

Which statement made by a patient indicates the patient requires additional education? A) If my kidneys are functioning well it is not likely a high intake of potassium will lead to hyperkalemia because aldosterone promotes urinary potassium excretion to help my levels stay normal B) If my serum potassium levels are increased, it can lead to hyperkalemia and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias C.I have diabetes not renal disease, Ishould not be concerned about kidney impairment leading to hyperkalemia D. A sign of potassium deficiency can be paralysis or muscular weakness

C. Diabetes can affect the microvessels in the kidneys and therefore leading to a higher risk of hyperkalemian Due to issues with filtration

What is true about protein? A. Digestion begins in the mouth B. Vegans are deficient in protein C. Digestion begins in the stomach D. Protein is not an essential nutrient

C. Digestion begins in the stomach Chemical digestion of protein begins in the stomach and ends in the small intestine. only carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth

Which of the following fruits can produce serious sometimes fatal interactions with over 45 different types of medications? A. Kiwi B. Mango C. Grapefruit D. Apple

C. Grapefruit Grapefruit decreases the activity of CYP 384 enzymes that are responsible for breaking down many drugs and toxins

A 30-year-old man who is a physical fitness trainer exercises seven days a week eats 2000 cal a day and drinks 5 L of water a day. He is admitted to the emergency department because he's experiencing the following symptoms: polydipsia malaise headaches muscle weakness and muscle cramps. which of the following conditions is the patient most likely experiencing symptoms from? A. Hypernatremia B. magnesium deficiency C. hyponatremia D. phosphorus toxicity

C. Hyponatremia

A patient seeking to get pregnant is speaking to a nurse about her diet during pregnancy. Which statement made by the patient indicates the need for further education? A. I will take a synthetic folic acid supplement every day in addition to folic acid from natural sources in my diet B. I won't take my herbal supplements while I'm pregnant C. I can still enjoy some raw seafood as long as the fish are low in mercury D. I'm not going to need any extra calories until my second trimester

C. I can still enjoy some raw seafood as long as the fish are low in mercury During pregnancy, seafood should be avoided. If seafood is eaten at all it needs to be cooked

Do you have a patient who just had a stroke and has garbled speech. What type of diet would he most likely be prescribed following the speech evaluation? A. Soft diet B.Full liquid diet C. Mechanically altered diet with nectar thick liquids D. Mechanically altered diet with thin liquids

C. Mechanically altered diet with nectar thick liquids Patients who have experienced a stroke are at risk of aspiration due to the decreased ability to swallow

The patient is on a low potassium diet that includes food such as applesauce green beans cabbage lettuce grapes and raspberries. What type of patient would you expect to be on this type of diet? A. A patient with heart disease B. A patient with osteoporosis C. A patient with Addison's disease D. Patient recovering from gastric bypass surgery

C. Patient with Addison's disease A patient with Addison's disease produces too much potassium therefore they need to be on a low potassium diet to prevent hyperkalemia

Flax seeds are considered beneficial for all of the following EXCEPT: A) They contain lignans that may help fight cancer B) They are a source of alpha linolenic- acid- an omega three fatty acid C) They are high in fiber D) They are high in vitamin C

D) They are NOT high in vitamin C

The nurse is reviewing a patient's lab test results and current medications and notes that the patient's prothrombin time is prolonged. The nurse checks the patient's medication list. What vitamin or mineral might be contributing to this? A) vitamin A B) selenium C) vitamin D D) vitamin E

D) vitamin E Vitamin E has blood thinning properties

Vitamin that your body can store an excess of in the liver A) B6 B) B12 C) Vitamin D D)Vitamin C

D)Vitamin C (it's fat soluable)

Which hemoglobin A1c indicates diabetes? A. 5.6 B. 5.8 C. 6.4 D. 6.8

D. 6.8 6.5 and above indicates diabetes

Which of the following foods have a high phosphorus content? A. Apples and oranges B. Seafood and potatoes C. Processed meats and aged cheeses D. Chocolate and soft drinks

D. Chocolate and soft drinks

A patient with an ileostomy complains of more output than usual of a liquid consistency. Which food in his diet likely contributed to this? A. Oatmeal B. Cheese C. Bananas D. Fruit punch

D. Fruit punch Drinks and foods that are high in sugar can increase output and cause liquid consistency

A nurse reviews medication orders for a patient with acute gastritis. Which of the following medication is contraindicated for this patient? A. Calcium supplements B. Acetaminophen C. Furosemide D. Ibuprofen

D. Ibuprofen NSAIDs like ibuprofen cause irritation to the gastric mucosa

A client who is receiving TEN ( total enteral nutrition) exhibits acute confusion and shallow breathing. The patient states I feel weak. As a client begins to have a generalized seizure how does the nurse interpret the client signs and symptoms? A. The enteral tube is misplaced or dislodged B. Patient is experiencing fluid volume overload C. A fluid or electrolyte in balance is present D. Patient is experiencing refeeding syndrome

D. Refeeding syndrome Symptoms of refeeding syndrome include shallow respirations weakness acute confusion seizures and increased bleeding tendency

A nurse is teaching a client with acute pancreatitis about following a low-fat diet until his disease resolves. The nurse develops a list of high-fat foods to avoid and includes which food on the item list? A. Graham crackers B. Tofu C. chicken noodle soup D. Salmon

D. Salmon tofu has some fat but not anywhere near as much as salmon

The nurse knows that instructions have been effective when the client verbalizes that a source of lean animal protein is found in A. Pepperoni B. 80/20 ground beef C. Ribs D. Skinless poultry

D. Skinless poultry Skin has fat so removed it is lean

When a patient is on an enteral tube feeds, they: A. Need to be npo B. Can take in clear liquids C. May have only thickened liquids D. Can eat whatever they can tolerate

D. They can eat whatever they can tolerate

Grant a 20 year old male went to the doctors office two weeks ago because he had been feeling fatigued and nauseous with an onset of diarrhea. He has been eating whatever is quick and often skips meals. He's been doing this for a few months now. Grant came back into the doctors office yesterday because he had a small pinpoint bleeding on his hair follicles and bleeding gums. What vitamin is great deficient in? A. Vitamin a B. Vitamin B12 C. Vitamin B6 D. Vitamin C

D. Vitamin C These are the signs and symptoms of scurvy

Which meal is acceptable for a lactovegan? A. Pizza B. Tuna sandwich C. Egg salad sanwhich D. Turkey and cheese

Pizza

nurse practitioner sees patients in a community clinic that is located in a predominately White neighborhood. After performing assessments on the majority of the patients visiting the clinic, the nurse notes that many of the minority groups living within the neighborhood have lost the cultural characteristics that made them different. What is the term for this process? a) cultural assimilation b) cultural imposition c) culture shock d) Ethnocentrrism

a) cultural assimilation

albumin is a) a serum protein b) a serum electrolyte c) a serum lipid d) a serum vitamin

a) protein

Disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose a) sucrose b) dextrose c) lactose d) maltose

a) sucrose

What indicates malnutrition? a) weight loss of 5% usual weight over 1 month b) weight loss of 5% usual weight over 3 months c) weight loss of 10% usual weight over 9 months

a) weight loss of 5% usual weight over 1 month 5% over 1 month, 10% over 6 months, 20% over a year

A patient has a stage 4 pressure ulcer on their sacral area. What type of foods would the patient most benefit from? a. dried beans, eggs, meats b. liver, spinach, corn c. oats, fruits., vegetables d. peanuts. tomatoes, cabbage

a. dried beans, eggs, meats High protein for cell reproduction!

Which of the following is not a good source of fiber a) lentils b) chicken c) apple d) popcorn

b) chicken

The body uses protein for energy: a) never b) only in burn patients c) if insufficient carbohydrate and fat are available d) if a patient is on a ketogenic diet

c) if insufficient carbohydrate and fat are available High fat content for energy on a keto diet

a patient is following a low-fat diet. They want to make their chicken breast more flavorful. They should order which of the following to enhance taste without increasing fat very much? a) roux b) hollandaise sauce c) mango chutney d) thai peanut sauce

c) mango chutney Chutney is chopped up fruit

Which population is at risk for combined deficiencies of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin? a. pregnant women b. vegetarians c. alcoholics d. athletes

c. alcoholics

What is the recommended amount of fiber in the diet for most people a) 10 grams b) 15 grams c) 20 grams d) 25 grams

d) 25 grams

why are carbohydrates the body's preferred fuel a) they are inexpensive b) they spare fats c) they are plentiful in the diet d) they can be used efficiently as fuel

d) they can be used efficiently as fuel