nutrition test 1

Chronic diseases such as heat disease, cancer, and stroke ________.

are strongly associated with poor nutrition

*The best meal choice for a vegetarian to ensure consuming all essential amino acids is __________.* fresh vegetables dipped in hummus pita chips dipped in guacamole black beans and rice pasta with meat-free tomato sauce

black beans and rice

A __________ fatty acid has both hydrogen atoms located on __________ of the double bond.

cis; the same side

A food label ingredient list reads: wheat flour, vegetable shortening, sugar, salt, and cornstarch. What item would be found in the LOWEST quantity in this food?

cornstarch

A deficiency of protein in the diet leads to insufficient proteins in the blood, causing fluids to leak out of the blood and collect in the tissues. This is called __________.

edema

The percent Daily Values on a nutrition facts label are based on a _______kilocalorie diet.

2,000

The AMDR for fat is __________ of total energy.

20% to 35%

The AMDR for carbohydrates is __________ of total energy intake.

45% to 65%

*Which statement is true when comparing Crohn's disease with ulcerative colitis?* Both conditions are inflammatory reactions due to an unknown cause. Both conditions can be cured with antibiotics Crohn's disease is a result of overeating; ulcerative colitis is a result of a peptic ulcer. Crohn's disease lasts 1 to 2 weeks, but ulcerative colitis lasts much longer.

Both conditions are inflammatory reactions due to an unknown cause.

The _______ is the federal agency that supports two large national surveys that provide important nutrition and health information.

Center for Disease Control

Jake runs from work to his evening nutrition class and has no time to eat. He is feeling hungry and weak since he hasn't eaten in about 5 hours. At this time, where is he getting the glucose required to meet his energy needs?

from liver glycogen

*Which of the following statements is TRUE?* Protein denaturation affects both the shape and function of proteins. Heat exposure, but not acid, will cause proteins to denature. Protein denaturation affects the primary structure of proteins. Protein denaturation affects only the shape and not the function of proteins.

Protein denaturation affects both the shape and function of proteins.

*Which of the following statements is FALSE?* Enzymes are usually proteins. Proteins are the body's primary energy source. Proteins are critical components of the immune system. Proteins help maintain the proper acid-base balance.

Proteins are the body's primary energy source.

Vitamins A, D, E, and K _____.

are fat-soluble vitamins

Where is the hypothalamus located?

just above the brain stem

An anthropometric assessment could include _______.

measuring a person's height.

The majority of lipid absorption occurs in the small intestine with the help of a spherical compound called a(n) __________.

micelle

*Glucose __________.* is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. is a digestive enzyme. is broken down by digestion into polysaccharides and disaccharides. is the form of sugar that our bodies use for energy.

is the form of sugar that our bodies use for energy.

Marasmus is a type of __________.

protein-energy malnutrition

A healthful diet ________.

provides adequate nutrients and energy

*Which of the following foods would contain the LEAST amount of protein?* cottage cheese turkey breast oatmeal (instant) raw carrots

raw carrots

*A vegetarian diet __________.* cannot provide adequate protein increases the likelihood of digestive problems such as diverticular disease reduces the risk of heart disease and kidney disease isn't healthy for athletes

reduces the risk of heart disease and kidney disease

Variations in the structure of the __________ give each amino acid its distinct properties

side chain

*choose the correct pair* stomach; HCl digests polypeptides small intestine; proteases digest polypeptides mouth; protein digestion begins here small intestine; peptide bonds are formed

small intestine; proteases digest polypeptides

The RDA for protein is __________ per kilogram of body weight per day.

0.8 grams

*Mark is lifting weights with the goal of trying to build muscle. What would be the best dietary advice for him?* Eat a very low carbohydrate diet. Consume a diet with adequate protein as well as adequate calories from fat and carbohydrates. Increase protein intake, but drink less water. Eat as much protein as possible so it will be stored in muscles

Consume a diet with adequate protein as well as adequate calories from fat and carbohydrates.

What is an appropriate suggestion to a friend who has developed diarrhea after being on antibiotics for a sore throat?

Consume probiotic foods such as yogurt.

*Which of the following statements is FALSE?* The amino acid in the smallest supply is the limiting amino acid. The chemical score compares the amount of the limiting amino acid in a food to that same amino acid in a reference food. The quantity of essential amino acids in a protein determines its quality. Digestibility is not a factor in determining protein quality.

Digestibility is not a factor in determining protein quality.

*Which statement accurately describes the function of enzymes?* Enzymes speed up chemical reactions as they are converted into new compounds themselves. Enzymes are only needed in the digestive system. Enzymes facilitate chemical reactions but remain unchanged themselves. Enzymes act as chemical messengers in the body.

Enzymes facilitate chemical reactions but remain unchanged themselves.

*Which statement is FALSE regarding enriched white bread?* It is made from the endosperm of the wheat kernel. It is missing some vitamins and minerals present in whole wheat bread. It is missing the fiber present in whole wheat bread. It is missing the thiamin, niacin, and folate present in whole wheat bread.

It is missing the thiamin, niacin, and folate present in whole wheat bread.

*Which of the following statements about essential amino acids is FALSE?* Nine of the 20 amino acids in the body are classified as essential. Without essential amino acids, we lose our ability to make proteins and other nitrogen-containing compounds we need. Our bodies cannot synthesize essential amino acids in sufficient amounts, so we must consume them in our diet. Our bodies can synthesize essential amino acids in sufficient amounts, so we do not need to consume them in our diet.

Our bodies can synthesize essential amino acids in sufficient amounts, so we do not need to consume them in our diet.

*Which of the following statements about simple carbohydrates is FALSE?* Starch and glycogen are both simple carbohydrates. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all simple carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates consist of just one or two molecules. Simple carbohydrates are also called sugars

Starch and glycogen are both simple carbohydrates.

*Which of the following statements is FALSE?* The body stores excess protein primarily for energy reserves. The body's primary energy sources are carbohydrates and fat. Eating adequate carbohydrates and fat protects the proteins in our body's tissues. To utilize protein for energy, the amine group is removed.

The body stores excess protein primarily for energy reserves.

*What is the best explanation for the abnormal shape of red blood cells in sickle cell anemia?* The quaternary structure of the hemoglobin molecule is altered from globular to fibrous. The primary structure of a protein determines its shape and function. A deficiency of essential amino acids causes sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is a symptom of kwashiorkor.

The primary structure of a protein determines its shape and function.

What property do phospholipids, micelles, and bile have in common?

They are all both hydrophilic and hydrophobic.

What are the three types of lipids found in foods, and in the cells and tissues of the human body?

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols

__________ have "kinked" fatty acids at the area of their double bonds, preventing them from packing tightly together.

Unsaturated fats

*Sandy is a 40-year-old woman complaining of weakness and fatigue. What would be the most appropriate course of action for her?* take a multivitamin further assess Sandy's status through anthropometric measurements take an iron supplement further assess Sandy's status through a physical exam, assessment of nutrient and energy intake, and possibly laboratory evaluations

further assess Sandy's status through a physical exam, assessment of nutrient and energy intake, and possibly laboratory evaluations

Through the process of photosynthesis, plants make the most abundant for of carbohydrate, called ______.

glucose

If a food is described as "reduced fat" on a food label, it _______.

has at least 25% less fat than its reference food.

If you consume 200g of carbohydrate in a day, you ________.

have consumed 800 kcal of carbohydrate.

________ is the physiologic drive for food

hunger

Unlike carbohydrates and lipids, proteins contain __________.

nitrogen

An enzyme in the stomach called __________ begins the breakdown of proteins into shorter polypeptide chains and single amino acids.

pepsin

The sequential order of the amino acids in a protein is called the __________ of the protein.

primary structure

Diets that are __________ can increase the risk of health problems such as bone loss and kidney disease.

too high in protein

*Which of the following statements below about serving sizes in the USDA Food Guide is TRUE?* A serving size is always equal to one ounce for all food groups. A single serving of meat is 3.5 oz. A serving size in the USDA Food Guide might not be equal to a serving size defined on a food label. A whole hamburger bun equals one serving of grains.

A serving size in the USDA Food Guide might not be equal to a serving size defined on a food label.

*Which of the following statements about alpha bonds is TRUE?* Alpha bonds can be digested by enzymes found in the human intestine. Alpha bonds cannot be easily digested by enzymes found in the human intestine. Alpha bonds are found mainly in high fiber foods. Alpha bonds cause the condition known as lactose intolerance

Alpha bonds can be digested by enzymes found in the human intestine.

*Which of the following statements is TRUE?* Proteins are the primary source of fuel for the human body. Lipids are the only energy nutrient that is considered a macronutrient. Carbohydrates and proteins each provide 4 kcals per gram, while lipids provide 9 kcals per gram. Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins all contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Carbohydrates and proteins each provide 4 kcals per gram, while lipids provide 9 kcals per gram

*Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is FALSE?* Carbohydrates are necessary to prevent ketosis. Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram. Carbohydrates are the primary energy source at rest and during exercise. The body uses a mixture of carbohydrate and fat for energy.

Carbohydrates are the primary energy source at rest and during exercise.

*Sophie would like to increase her intake of omega-3 fatty acids. Which of the following would NOT be an effective strategy?* Eat hamburgers made with ground beef that is 80% lean. Make a salad dressing with canola oil and balsamic vinegar. Add walnuts to yogurt and salads. Replace her weekly grilled steak to grilled salmon.

Eat hamburgers made with ground beef that is 80% lean.

*Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?* Enzymes are secreted by the endocrine glands. Enzymes act on other chemicals to speed up body processes Enzymes remain essentially unchanged by the chemical reactions they cause. Enzymes are usually proteins.

Enzymes are secreted by the endocrine glands.

*Which of the following statements about fats is FALSE?* Fats help regulate cell function. Fats do not provide energy during rest. Fats are a major fuel source during exercise. Dietary fats provide essential fatty acids.

Fats do not provide energy during rest.

*You are having some packaged macaroni and cheese as part of your lunch. According to the nutrition facts label, a serving size is 2.5 oz or 71g. Lower on the label, you read: Total Carbohydrate 46g, 15%. Which of the following statements is TRUE?* If you consume 46 grams of this food, you will have consumed 15% of your Daily Value of carbohydrates for the day. If you consume 2.5 oz of this food, you will have consumed 15% of your Daily Value of carbohydrates for one meal. If you consume one serving of this food, you will have met the MyPyramid requirement for dairy for the day. If you consume 2.5 oz of this food, you will have consumed 15% of your Daily Value of carbohydrates for the day.

If you consume 2.5 oz of this food, you will have consumed 15% of your Daily Value of carbohydrates for the day.

Individuals with the disease phenylketonuria (PKU) should not consume the artificial sweetener aspartame. Why?

People with PKU cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.

*Which of the following statements is FALSE?* Potassium is linked to healthy blood pressure. Limiting processed meats such as sausage and bacon in your diet is one way to decrease sodium intake. Potassium is essential for health, but sodium should be avoided completely. Sodium and potassium are both essential to health in appropriate amounts.

Potassium is essential for health, but sodium should be avoided completely.

*Which of the following statements about saturated fatty acids is FALSE?* Butter, cheese, and milk are high in saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids are generally solid at room temperature. Saturated fatty acids have more than one carbon joined together with a double bond. Saturated fatty acids have no carbons joined together with a double bond.

Saturated fatty acids have more than one carbon joined together with a double bond.

*Which of the following statements about sugar is FALSE?* Sugar causes hyperactivity in children. Sugar consumption is linked with unhealthful changes in blood lipids. Sugar consumption is correlated with obesity. Sugar causes tooth decay

Sugar causes hyperactivity in children

*Which of the following are two examples that are BOTH reliable sources of nutrition information?* The American Dietetic Association and a newspaper article The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and The American Society for Nutrition a newspaper article and a nutrition website The American Dietetic Association and a Popular Diet Book

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and The American Society for Nutrition

*Which statement is FALSE about the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?* The guidelines are updated every 5 years The guidelines do not include recommendations for physical exercise The guidelines recommend drinking alcohol in moderation, or not at all. The guidelines were developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

The guidelines do not include recommendations for physical exercise

*Which of the following BEST describes the glycemic index?* An individual's glucose/insulin ratio in a fasting state. The amount of glucose in a food. The potential of a food to decrease glucagon and insulin levels. The potential of a food to raise blood glucose and insulin levels.

The potential of a food to raise blood glucose and insulin levels.

*If you were designing a clinical trial to the effects of vitamin D on bone strength, which of the following would be an appropriate placebo?* half the amount of vitamin D given to the experimental group a multi-vitamin the recommended daily intake of vitamin D a sugar pill that contains no vitamins or minerals

a sugar pill that contains no vitamins or minerals

*Macro is using the internet to do research for a nutrition essay. Which of the following sites would most likely to provide accurate information?* a website with a URL ending in ".edu" last updated in 2001. a university study on the benefits of a new weight loss drug sponsored by the drug company that makes it a website discussing the benefits of vitamin B6 that also sells B vitamins a website with a URL ending in ".gov"

a website with a URL ending in ".gov"

The absorptive process that requires the use of energy to transport nutrients is called _______.

active transport.

*All of the following are ways to lower your fat intake EXCEPT which option?* Use wine, lemon juice, or broth instead of butter. All of the ways listed can lower your fat intake. Bake or broil in place of frying. Eat baked tortilla chips in place of regular chips.

all of the ways listed can lower your fat intake

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) ______.

are nutritional reference values that apply only to healthy people.

Yogurt is tolerated better than milk by many with lactose intolerance because __________.

bacteria in yogurt break down the lactose

Fat digestion begins when fats are emulsified by __________.

bile

*Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning both vitamins AND minerals?* Both are micronutrients Both are divided into groups of either fat or water soluble Both are organic compounds Both are broken down during digestion

both are micronutrients

Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid __________.

cannot be synthesized in the body

Carbohydrates are comprised of __________.

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

*Which of the following enzymes is mismatched?* carboxypeptidase: carbohydrates lipase: lipids pepsin: proteins amylase: carbohydrate

carboxypeptidase: carbohydrates

The hormone _______ stimulates the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes and stimulates gallbladder contraction

cholecystokinin (CCK)

You have been put in charge of a study to determine whether or not a new nutritional supplement can help people lose weight. What would be the best kind of study to conduct?

clinical trial

*MyPlate was NOT intended to help Americans _______.* eat only a select number of kinds of foods. eat in moderation. consume the right proportion of food from each food group. personalize their eating plans.

eat only a select number of kinds of foods.

*Which of the following is NOT one of the components of gastric juice?* elastase gastric lipase hydrochloric acid (HCl) intrinsic factor

elastase

Calories from solid fats and/or added sugars provide few or no nutrients are termed _______.

empty calories

The _______ transports food from the mouth to the stomach using peristalsis.

esophagus

Sophia has her gallbladder removed. This will most likely cause her difficulty digesting ________.

fat

Short chain fatty acids are usually __________.

fewer than 6 carbon atoms in length

*Which of the following is the MOST nutrient-dense food?* ground beef cheddar cheese fresh spinach chocolate cake with frosting

fresh spinach

*The lipid profile associated with the LOWEST risk of heart disease is __________.* low HDL, low LDL, low triglycerides high HDL, low LDL, high triglycerides high HDL, high LDL, low triglycerides high HDL, low LDL, low triglycerides

high HDL, low LDL, low triglycerides

*The process of __________ creates __________.* hydrogenation; trans fat emulsification; fatty acids saturation; essential fatty acids lipid digestion; triglycerides

hydrogenation; trans fat

Healthy People 2020 ______

includes both nutrition and physical activity goals to promote optimal health in the United States.

Nutrition ____________.

includes how we consume, digest, metabolize, and store nutrients.

*Soluble fiber ______.* has not been related to reduced risk of disease is not viscous, and cannnot be digested is viscous, and can be digested by colon bacteria does not dissolve in water

is viscous, and can be digested by colon bacteria

Your friend seeks your advice on consuming empty Calories. If you base your advice on USDA recommendations, you would tell your friend to ________.

limit empty Calories to a small number that fits his or her Calorie and nutrient needs

*Which of the following pairs is matched correctly?* carbohydrate; macronutrient that provides 9 kcal/gram protien; macronutrient that provides 7 kcal/gram lipid: macronutrient that provides 9 kcal/gram vitamin D; macronutrient that provides 4 kcal/gram

lipid: macronutrient that provides 9 kcal/gram

This is the largest digestive organ. One of its functions is to receive matter from the portal vein. What organ is it?

liver

Bile is produced by the ________ and stored by the _________.

liver; gallbladder

*Your cousin has just learned he has atherosclerosis. What strategies would be the BEST ones for him to adopt to lower his risk of a heart attack?* lose weight, consume whole foods, avoid consuming fish lose weight, consume whole foods, consume oily fish at least twice weekly lose weight, consume processed foods, consume oily fish at twice weekly lose weight, consume whole foods, consume at least three alcoholic beverages daily

lose weight, consume whole foods, consume oily fish at least twice weekly

*Which of the following is NOT one of the recommended ways to reduce the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?* lying down immediately after eating avoiding smoking avoiding alcohol eating smaller meals

lying down immediately after eating

*Which of the following is NOT a source of complex carbohydrates?* whole-wheat bread peas and beans milk potatoes

milk

*Which of the following correctly lists the order through which food travels along the GI tract?* mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine mouth, esophagus, ascending colon, small intestine mouth, esophagus, stomach, ascending colon, small intestine mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

*Which of the following food choices would most likely be the MOST fiber rich?* asparagus banana navy beans wheat bread

navy beans

Drinking in moderation is defined as _______ by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

no more than one alcoholic drink per day for woman, and two for men

What is the first step of an experiment using the scientific method?

observing a phenomenon

*Which two enzymes are BOTH produced by the stomach?* pepsin, gastric lipase maltase, elastase elastase, sucrase gastic lipase, salivary amylase

pepsin, gastric lipase

Phospholipids consist of fatty acids and __________, which allow(s) them to be __________.

phosphate; water soluble

*To successfully follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, all of the following should be considered EXCEPT which option?* limiting foods and beverage high in added sugar planning a carefully detailed diet to make sure all nutrient needs are met every day consistently choosing nutrient-dense foods keeping a Calorie intake within daily energy needs

planning a carefully detailed diet to make sure all nutrient needs are met every day

*You are planning a meal that includes a hamburger on a bun, cole slaw, and French fries. To improve the nutrient density, the best choice would be ______.* fried chicken, macaroni, salad, biscuit, and canned peaches pork tenderloin, broccoli, brown rice, and strawberries fried fish, baked beans, white dinner roll, and vanilla ice cream spare ribs, cheesy potatoes, cornbread, and chocolate pudding

pork tenderloin, broccoli, brown rice, and strawberries

A vitamin C deficiency that results from a low consumption of fruits and vegetables would be termed a(n) _______.

primary deficiency

An individual who produces lower-than-normal amounts of hydrochloric acid in the stomach would have the most difficulty digesting __________.

proteins

An adequate diet ________.

provides enough energy, nutrients, and fiber to maintain health.

Of the following people, who would be the MOST reliable source of nutrition information?

registered dietitian

*You have decided to eat more healthfully, but usually go out once a week to eat with your friends. What is one good strategy for eating out in a healthful way?* ordering a meat dish that is breaded order an appetizer so you will be less likely to eat as much of your entree sharing an entree with a friend you should never eat out

sharing an entree with a friend

Maria's doctor suspects she has reactive hypoglycemia. If her suspicions are correct, what would the level of her blood glucose likely be two hours after a high-carbohydrate meal?

significantly lower than a normal individual

There are _______ groups of essential nutrients. Those are _______.

six; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.

Most digestion and absorption occur in the _________.

small intestine

Pancreatic amylase is secreted by the pancreas into the __________, where the majority of carbohydrate digestion occurs.

small intestine

*Which of the following individuals would likely have the LOWEST risk of heart disease?* someone who eats salmon, sardines, and flaxseeds often someone who eats steak, burgers, and ice cream often someone that eats fast food often someone who eats processed foods and fast food often

someone who eats salmon, sardines, and flaxseeds often

*Which of the following would most likely NOT be a part of feces?* sucrose outer husks of seeds vegetable fibers bacteria

sucrose

The most common source of added sugars in the American diet is __________.

sweetened soft drinks

*When determining the amounts of foods to eat from each group in the USDA food patterns, you should keep in mind that ________.* the recommended amounts will vary, depending on age, gender, and activity level. the recommended amounts are the same for all food groups to maintain consistency. you can eat the same foods every day, as long as you are selecting from all food groups. food labels should always be used as guidelines for serving sizes.

the recommended amounts will vary, depending on age, gender, and activity level.

The Institute of Medicine recommends that we keep our intake of __________ to an absolute minimum.

trans fatty acids

The most common food-based lipids are __________.

triglycerides

Sally is a 54-year-old overweight woman with a 39-inch waist circumference and a sedentary lifestyle. She is MOST at risk for __________.

type 2 diabetes

*MyPlate recommends _________.* varying the proteins you eat to include beans, nuts, and seeds. that 1/3 of the foods you eat are from the grains group be whole grains. including 1 cup of dairy on a daily basis. drinking a lot of fruit juices to satisfy the recommended daily amount of fruits.

varying the proteins you eat to include beans, nuts, and seeds.

For lunch, you had two pieces of whole-wheat toast with peanut butter, apple juice, and yogurt. Which food group was missing from your meal?

vegetables

*A person with celiac disease could NOT tolerate which of the following foods?* wheat milk chocolate corn

wheat