Nutrition Test 18
What percentage of cells of the body are white blood cells?
1
Which of the following is NOT among the recommendations issued by health professionals to reduce cancer risks?
Increase intake of foods high in iron
Which of the following describes the actions of a carcinogen?
cancer-initiating substance
To lower a high blood cholesterol, all of the following are recommended EXCEPT
decrease the carbohydrate intake to 50% of total energy
Gangrene is a common complication in primarily people with
diabetes
On average, the progression from HIV infection to AIDS takes about
10 years
Which of the following blood pressure readings signifies a diagnosis of hypertension?
140 over 90
Of the ten leading causes of illness and death, how many are associated directly with nutrition?
4
At what age do men and women begin to show the same incidence of cardiovascular disease?
45
Which of the following describes a relationship between sodium/salt and high blood pressure?
sodium restriction lowers blood pressure less effectively than body weight
A person with diabetes is most likely to develop
strokes and heart attacks
The diseases most common today include all of the following EXCEPT
tuberculosis
What type of lymphocytes are most affected by infection with HIV?
CD4
Antioxidant substances that are believed to help protect against cancer include all of the following EXCEPT
EDTA
All of the following disorders are influenced strongly by genetics EXCEPT
diverticulosis
Among the following herbs, which is known to show the severest side effects?
ephedra
Insulin stimulates the actions of all the following metabolic activities EXCEPT
fat release
Which of the following dietary components is thought to have an inverse correlation to colon cancer?
fiber
Which of the following is known to speed up the passage of bile through the large intestines, thereby decreasing exposure time to microorganisms?
fiber
What is the term given to mounds of lipid material mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that develop in the artery walls?
fibrous plaques
Which of the following statements represents current thought in the development of cancer?
food additives play only a small role, if any, in the causation of cancer
The ballooning out of an artery wall at a point where it has been weakened by deterioration is called a(an)
aneurysm
Risk factors for sodium or salt sensitivity include all of the following EXCEPT
being white
Which of the following conditions is characterized by insulin resistance of fat cells?
Type II diabetes mellitus
What is ayurveda?
a Hindu system for enhancing the body's ability to synthesize its own healing substances
What type of exercise is considered best to strengthen the heart and blood vessels?
aerobic exercise
A disease in which cells multiply out of control, forming masses that disrupt normal functioning of one or more organs, is called
cancer
Which of the following is currently accepted as a medical treatment in the United States?
cancer radiation therapy
Traditional medicine and alternative medical therapies in Europe are commonly linked together into a practice called
complementary medicine
Which of the following describes a known association with cardiovascular disease?
in men, blood cholesterol levels early in adulthood strongly correlate with cardiovascular disease later in life
Which of the following illustrates an association between physical activity, dieting, and HDL?
in women, weight loss due solely to dieting appears to lower HDL concentrations
Being obese is known to increase the probabilities of contracting all of the following diseases EXCEPT
kwashiorkor
Blood pressure appears to be affected by intake of all of the following minerals EXCEPT
phosphorus
Tiny, disc-shaped bodies in the blood that are important in clot formation are called
platelets
The frequent urination experienced by a diabetic is known as
polyuria
Functions of the T-cells include all of the following EXCEPT
production of antibodies
Which of the following best describes the term peripheral resistance?
resistance to flow of blood through tiny arteries and capillaries
Risk factors that predict the development of hypertension include all of the following EXCEPT
salt intake
A cancer that originates from bone is a
sarcoma
Why might the French have a lower incidence of heart disease than Americans even though risk factors are similar?
the French drink more wine
Chelation therapy is purported to work by ridding the body of
toxic metals
In which of the following conditions would the pancreas be unable to synthesize insulin?
type I diabetes mellitus
What term identifies the involuntary loss of more than 10% of body weight?
wasting syndrome
What is the primary reason for increased urine output in uncontrolled diabetes?
High levels of blood glucose spill into the urine drawing water with it by osmosis
Which of the following risk factors for disease may be modified by diet?
Low HDL level
Which of the following is a known relationship between alcohol intake and risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Moderate alcohol intake raises HDL cholesterol and inhibits formation of blood clots
What is the name of the substance first extracted from the bark of old Pacific yew trees (and now synthesized in the laboratory) and found effective in treating cancer?
Paclitaxal
Which of the following leading causes of death in the United States does NOT bear a relationship to diet?
Pneumonia and influenza
How many million people in the United States are believed to have hypertension?
50
Initial confirmation of HIV infection after exposure to the virus takes about
6-12 weeks
Immunoglobulins are produced primarily by
B-cells
Risk factors for atherosclerosis that can be minimized by behavioral change include all of the following EXCEPT
heredity
Direct contributors to the metabolic syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT
high sodium intake
Which of the following is NOT considered a diet-related risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
high sugar intake
Diabetes is known to lead to all of the following EXCEPT
increased resistance to infections
Improvement in cardiovascular health by regular aerobic exercise results from all of the following EXCEPT
increasing fat tissue while decreasing lean tissue
Diuretics act to lower blood pressure by
increasing fluid loss
The excessive thirst experienced by a diabetic is known as
polydipsia
All of the following are among the symptoms of diabetes EXCEPT
polysaccharidosis
Factors that favor the development of cancer once the initiating event has taken place are called
promoters
What is the term given to the factors that enhance the development of cancer after it has been initiated?
promoters
Which of the following statements describes a relationship between salt intake and high blood pressure?
a high salt intake is not a risk factor for the development of high blood pressure
Among the following, which should be the first action taken to lower blood cholesterol?
achieve and maintain appropriate body weight
Anyone who is medically advised to lower blood cholesterol should
achieve appropriate body weight
As far as is known, those minerals that may significantly affect elevated blood pressure include all of the following EXCEPT
aluminum
Which of the following defines the association between nutrition and chronic disease?
Diet can influence the time of onset of some chronic diseases
What blood cholesterol carrier is of greatest concern in atherosclerosis?
LDL
A significant reduction in blood flow to the brain is termed
a stroke
Which of the following is NOT a common, long-term consequence of diabetes?
decrease in infections
Which of the following is NOT among the recommendations by health professionals to treat hypertension?
decrease intake of dairy products to avoid sodium
About 90% of U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes have
obesity
How does obesity increase the risk for development of hypertension?
obesity frequently is associated with high blood insulin levels which signal the kidneys to retain sodium, which increases blood pressure
All of the following are characteristics of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT
the two major forms are variations of the insulin-dependent type