Nutrition test 2
Which of the following foods has the lowest protein content A. 1/2 cup of cooked broccoli B. 1/2 cup of pasta C. 1 cup of melon D. 1 oz of cheese
C
An overweight individuals protein needs are
Not much greater than those of a normal weight person of a similar height
Insulin and glucagon are hormones released by the
Pancreas
Digestion of protein within the stomach begins with the enzyme
Pepsin
In proteins amino acids are joined by __________ bonds
Peptide
Which of the following states of nitrogen balance is a pregnant woman typically in
Positive nitrogen balance
Which of the following statements about type 1 diabetes is incorrect? A. The immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas B. It usually begins in childhood C. Insulin is produced, but cells are not using it correctly D. Daily insulin injections are required
C
Which of the following statements concerning sugar is correct? A. Eating sugar is a direct cause of diabetes B. Eating sugar makes one gain weight C. Eating sugar causes hyperactivity in children D. Eating sugar can contribute to dental caries
D
Which of the following structures is the starchy part of a grain kernel? Bran Endosperm Germ Husk
Endosperm
Proteins that act as biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions are
Enzymes
A high protein diet has been linked to a lower risk of heart disease True or false
False
All the nutrients and phytochemicals lost lost in the processing of wheat flour are added back in the enrichment process True or false
False
Once DNA leaves the nucleus, mRNA copies of it are made and brought to a ribosome True or false
False
Refined grains are more nutrient-dense than whole grains True or false
False
The main role of carbohydrates is to supply building material for muscles True or false
False
The nutrition facts panel currently used on food labels distinguishes between naturally occurring and added sugars True or false
False
Type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance True or false
False
Whole wheat bread contains complete proteins True or false
False
Which foods are most likely missing when a person is on a high protein, low card diet?
Fruits
The creation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (primarily proteins) is called
Gluconeogenesis
The process of photosynthesis produces which which of the following molecules? Triglycerides Fructose Glycogen Glucose
Glucose
_________ is a major monosaccharide found in the body
Glucose
Which of the following sugar substitutes was removed by the national toxicology program from the list of substances that could potentially cause cancer. Sucralose Aspartame Saccharin
Saccharin
About 80 million people have pre diabetes True or false
True
Eating cheese has been shown to protect teeth from acid True or false
True
Numerous research studies have shown that bones lose calcium when a persons diet is too high in protein True or false
True
People with maramus are starving true or false
True
Plant proteins may be less digestible, especially when eaten raw True or false
True
Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides and disaccharides True or false
True
Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 to 95 percent of cases of the disease True or false
True
Vitamin A is found only in animal foods, but vegetarians can meet their needs by consuming it's precursor, beta carotene True or false
True
When fasting continues long beyond glycogen depletion, body protein will be broken down to make glucose True or false
True
The biggest risk for vegetarians is not consuming enough
Vitamin B12
The type of RNA that carries an amino acid to a ribosome is
tRNA
The average adult (age 19 or older) should consume how many grams of protein for each kilogram of body weight
0.8
According to latest DRIs, what is the recommended minimum amount of carbohydrates that should be consumed daily?
130 grams
What is the approximate protein requirement for a 24 year old female who weighs 125 pounds
45 grams
Proteins can be denatured or rendered inactive by which of the following factors Carbohydrates Acids Fats
Acids
__________ are the building blocks of protein
Amino acids
The enzyme ___________ begins the digestion of starch in the mouth
Amylase
After the release of insulin, which of the following events will not occur? A. Excess glucose will be stored in your muscles as glycogen B. Excess glucose will be stored in your liver as starch
B
Which of the following factors does not lead to PEM A. Not being breast fed long enough B. Obesity C. Poor food quality D. Poverty
B
Which of the following molecules is a protein that provides structural support to body tissues Collagen Insulin Antibody Hemoglobin
Collagen
Which of the following conditions in a person with diabetes does not result from nerve damage? A. A decreased ability to feel changes in temperature or pain in the legs or feet B. Numbness in the toes, feet, legs, and hands C. Changes in sexual function D. Cloudy vision and eventual blindness
D
Treating a protein with acid, heat, or agitation will cause ____________ meaning that the three dimensional structure of the protein has been altered (it unfolds)
Denaturation
The protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) takes into account both the amino acid profile and the _______ of a protein
Digestibility
Plant proteins do not match our needs for essential amino acids and therefor are called __________ proteins
Incomplete
The hormone __________ is released from the pancreas when blood glucose is elevated above a normal range
Insulin
What condition is a consequence of a severe deficiency of dietary protein
Kwashiorkor
Milk sugar is known as
Lactose
To which of the following organs do monosaccharides go after absorption? Gallbladder Small intestine Liver
Liver
Carbohydrate made from two glucose units joined together
Maltose
People with a deficiency of the enzyme lactase cannot properly digest what?
Milk sugar
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
Mouth
The function of glycogen is to
Store glucose in animals and humans
When does glycogenesis occur?
When there is excess glucose in the blood
