Nutrition

which of the following was enacted to protect clients' privacy and confidentiality?

(HIPPA)

what is the daily recommended dosage of calcium for female athletes?

1,500mg

what is the daily recommended daily intake of protein for a client whose goal is to build lean body mass?

1.4-2.0 g/kg/d

clinical studies following individuals on low-energy diets (LED) and very low-energy diets (VLED) found body weight reductions of

10 to 15 percent

what is the standard recommendation for total daily calories from saturated fats?

10%

How many organ systems are in the body?

11

protein catabolism is most likely to occur during a

2 hour swim

which of the following is considered an excessive intake of folate:

2,000 mcg

the DASH diet can be followed with a normal sodium intake of up to

2,300 mg daily

what is the recommended total water intake for women given by the national academy of medicine?

2.7 liters

on the keto diet, what percent of daily calories are from carbohydrates?

20 Percent

product claims of high, rich in, or excellent source of, are required to contain what percent of daily value (DV) per reference amounts customarily consumed (RACC).

20 percent or more

what is the recommended daily intake of sodium for people 14 years of age and older

2300 mg

what is the recommended ratio for omega-6 to omega-3?

2:1

the phosphagen system provides an instant source of energy, for up to

30 seconds

approximately what percentage of body weight consists of minerals?

4-6%

which of the following is the correct number of carbons for a medium-chain fatty acid?

6-12

what percentage of total body water is located in intracellular space?

68%

what is the ideal duration when collecting a client's data about what was eaten, when, and approximate quantities?

7-14 days

Approximately what percentage of a cell's mass is comprised of water?

70 percent

according to research, what percentage of employees self-report exercise in companies with corporate wellness programs

8 percent

what percentage of Americans are estimated to make some attempt to lose weight this year?

80%

What is the caloric (kcal) yield of nutritional fat?

9 kcal

within the atkin's diet, what percentage of calories come from protein and fats?

90-95 percent

the best time to consume a carbohydrate rich drink when cycling is when the athletic activity lasts

95 minutes

the term organic describes a product supported with a verifying USDA seal, and contains organic ingredients of at least

95%

which of the following is an enzyme catalyzing the breakdown of ATP to ADP ?

ATPase

during which of the following stage of change coaches use incentives and penalties to maintain change?

Action stage

Which of the following can increase the absorption of Vitamin c?

Bioflavanoids

the small intestine is divided into three sections, in the following order:

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

which of the following fuel sources is the most effective at producing ATP?

Fatty Acids

which of the following is most likely to protect muscle from being catabolized during exercise?

Fruit

which of the following is a branched chain amino acid?

Isoleucine

which of the following has been linked to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque?

LDL

which diet has been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease risk up to 30 percent and triggers a significant reduction in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

Mediterranean

which of the following health history or screening questionnaires that personal trainers use is a good option for a nutritional coach to gather appropriate health data to keep on file?

PARQ+

what type of analysis is useful during the planning phase of starting a new business, but can be used to periodically review an existing business, with the goal of making improvements?

SWOT analysis

within the SMART goals acronym, what does the 'S' stand for?

Specific

Which of the following is widely used to predict an individual's resting metabolic rate (RMR)?

The Harrison-Benedict Formula

Which of the following is a principle stating energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one from to another?

The Law of Conservation of Energy

which of the following is true regarding trans fats?

Trans fats present naturally in some animals

which of the following receptors is capable of increasing blood glucose?

Vasopressin 1a

women require higher amounts of which vitamin ?

Vitamin B

Cholesterol is needed in the synthesis of what vitamin?

Vitamin D

which of the following do most americans lack on a regular basis?

Vitamin D

proteins that have a high biological value are classified as

a complete protein

a major benefit of group coaching is

accountability

in general, daily mineral requirements are correlated within what?

activity levels

emphasizing past experiences, helping remember their strength successes, and ability to progress is an example of which motivational interviewing strategy/

affirmation and validation

what hormone helps the body retain sodium and as a result increases blood volume?

aldosterone

what is the premise of motivational interviewing?

all people have a desire for self-actualization

which of the following food sources provides the highest amount of protein per 100 gram serving?

almonds

in individuals with celiac disease, gluten triggers

an immune response, damaging the lining of the small intestine

which of these hormones is most likely responsible for negative kidney health outcomes associated with low water intake?

arginine vasopressin

in which state is it legal for a nutrition coach or personal trainer to make nutritional suggestions for, healthy active individuals?

arizona and michigan

which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

ascorbic acid

what motivational interviewing strategy helps a coach understand the client's point of view and elicits their feelings about what is important to them?

asking open-ended questions

what term is used to describe the ability to self-govern and the capacity to act in accordance with objective guidelines instead of being influenced by desired and whims?

autonomy

what is the drawback of soy protein

bioavailable at higher concentration

Vitamin D is important for its role in

bone health

how are most vitamins classified?

by how they are absorbed into the body

a marketing statement that demands an immediate response from a recipient is known as a

call to action

which of the following have a glycemic index scores?

carbohydrates

get bacteria has been found to prefer which of the following types of carbohydrates?

cellulose

which of the following is a precursor to bile acids?

cholesterol

Which of the following is a pulpy, acidic fluid passing from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partially digested food?

chyme

a nutritionist who works in a medical and long-term health care facility is known as a

clinical nutritionist

epithelial cells can be classified as squamous, cuboidal or

columnar

which of the following is a way to gain leverage on oneself or other and make desired changes?

commitment strategy

which of the following is on e of the five stages of change?

contemplation

sulfur is a derivative of what two essential amino acids?

cysteine and methionine

a darker urine pigment is typically indicative of

dehydration

tendons and ligaments are made up of

dense connective tissue

what is the first step in starting an independent nutrition coaching business?

determine the style of coaching it will offer and target the client

which of the following can a certified nutrition coach do?

discuss information about behavioral change strategies to reach goals

acknowledging what a client has said, but then restating contrary statements the client has said in the past, is known as

double-sided reflection

the types of food and beverages an individual consumes is referred to as ones

eating pattern

an ovo-vegetarian will consume which types of food

eggs and food with egg as an ingredient

together, sodium, chloride and potassium are known as what category of minerals?

electrolytes

which organ system works closely with the nervous system to produce, release and regulate hormones?

endocrine system

which of these processes describes the main method by which the human body dissipated heat?

evaporation

what is the most common culprit of positive energy balance leading to weight gain?

excess calorie intake

which agency regulates the production and distribution of food, pharmaceuticals, tobacco and other consumer products?

food and drug administration (FDA)

the food pyramid, is now thought to have put too little focus on

fruits, vegetables and protein sources

the liver serves as a reservoir for which of the following?

glucose

which of the following is the primary source of energy for the brain?

glycogen

in the typical American diet, approximately 30% of phosphorus comes from which food?

grains

the new my plate is shaped with colorful fractions dedicated to dairy, vegetables, fruits, proteins and

grains

the dietary guidelines for americans publication is meant to

guide the development of federal food, nutrition, and health policies programs

any claim that states, suggests, or implies a relationship between a food and a constituent of health, is referred to as a

health claim

iron is most notably known for it's role in

hemoglobin

what is the term given to nutrition deficiencies in people who consume adequate calories but inadequate micronutrients

hidden hunger

a known side effect o anabolic steroids in both men and women is

high blood pressure

a client with low blood sugar levels is correctly identified as having

hypoglycemia

a calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by

i degree celsius at a pressure of 1 atmosphere

where is the most calcium found in the body?

in the bones

what method of measuring energy expenditure measures oxygen consumed, and carbon dioxide produced?

indirect calorimetry

Which vitamin is neither fat or water soluble?

inositol

which of the following is a type of diet that focuses on the timing of food intake in a 24-hour period or weekly, rather than on a specific type of food?

intermittent fasting

which of the following fluid compartments provides the fluid that produces sweat during exercise?

intravascular

table salt is often fortified with

iodine

specialized calls on the pancreas, which secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin are referred to as the

islets of langerhans

Fructose produces a slower rise in blood sugar after consumption because

it must be converted to glucose first

which of the following is a characteristic of a soluble fiber?

it prevents spikes in glucose

what role does the pancreas play in the digestion of protein?

it releases trypsin

what effect is megadosing with niacin likely to have on a client looking to increase athletic performance?

it will cause early onset fatigue

calories from saturated and trans fats should be limited to what percent of daily calories

less than 10 percent

of the BCSSs, which amino acid is the most used by the body?

leucine

A thin polar membrane made up pairs of lipid molecules, is known as a(n)

lipid bilayer

ApoE is responsible for the reabsorption of the lipids into what tissue?

liver

A client is at most risk for malabsorption of vitamin K on what type of diet?

low in fat

the treatment of medical conditions with diet, is referred to as

medical nutrition therapy

what term is used ti describe the way a client approaches and responds to adversity?

mental toughness

The process of converting ingested nutrients into energy within the body is known as

metabolism

listening for and responding to the body's natural cues for thirst, hunger, and satiety is referred to as

mindful eating

which of the following is digested quickly in the body?

monosacharide

a vitamin supplement containing two or more compounds is called

multivitamin

a claim on food products that directly, or by implication, characterizes the level of a nutrient in food is know as a

nutrient content claim

the amount of nutrients in a food, relative to the number of calories is provides is known as

nutrient density

data collected through observation and actual data, not opinions is called

objective data

what is the goal of researching the competition?

observe and look for methods that are effective and ineffective

which of the following is a non-essential fatty acid?

omega-9

what type of formation can help improve the absorption of vitamin A?

one that is oil based

all of the following are good sources of BCAAs except for:

pasta

the steps a customer goes through when considering, buying, and using a product or service is known as the

perfect customer lifecycle

what can be used to boost motivation and celebrate achievements and milestones along the way?

photos

a goal of losing ten pounds in six weeks is an example of which type of goal?

physical goal

within what stage of change may people not be consciously aware of the risks of their behavior?

pre-contemplation

in the initial assessment of a client, which element(s) of motivatoinal interviewing apply?

pre-contemplation and contemplation

which of the following is a glucocorticosteriod?

prednisone

the part of a package label most likely to be displayed, shown, or examined under normal conditions on a retail display is the

principle display panel

which form of protein supplement is produced by extracting protein from whole food using heat, acid, and enzymes

protein concentrates

questions regarding what motivated a client, what they feel distracts them from their progress and how they feel about their nutrition journey, are part of which type of assessment?

psychological assessment

an individual's goals of fixed intention is referred to as his

purpose

supplementing with glutamine is most beneficial for clients

recovering from an injury

the seven steps in the goal-setting process are" determining the desired result, creating a SMART goal, writing the goal(s) down, creating a plan of action, establishing a timeline, acting, and

reevaluating and assessing progress

Within the ATP-ADP cycle, what is the process of adding a phosphate called?

rephosphorylation

according to FDA regulations , the information panel must contain specific information, including

required major allergens

which of the following is a disadvantage of in-person nutrition coaching?

requires more logistical planning

an individual is more prone to obesity with a diet high is what type of fat?

saturated

what did the food pyramid use to represent how much the average american should consume

servings per day

most protein digestion happens after chyme moves in to the

small intestine

the three types of muscle found in the human body are: cardiac, skeletal and

smooth muscle

a healthy eating pattern should be low in added sugars, saturated fats and

sodium

which of the following places stress on bones and can prevent osteoporosis in adults?

strength training

the amount of blood that the heart pumps with each heartbeat is known as

stroke volume

serving sizes must be based on the amount of foods and beverages

that people are actually eating

what is the first component of marketing for a new nutrition coach?

the creation of a business, brand and logo

the form in which a supplement enters the body for absorption is known as

the delivery system

the most common weight-management supplements are referred to as

thermogenic supplements

vitamin C is stored in the body in low amounts because:

they dissolve in water and removed in urine

SMART goals are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and

timely

what are the two types of business plans, according to the small business administration (SBA)?

traditional and lean

which of the following is true of trends and fads

trends having staying power

excess energy is stored in adipose tissue in what form?

triglycerides

the advantage of liquid-filled capsules is that they are absorbed quicker into the body than tablets

true

which of the following is one of five unique guiding principles of motivational interviewing?

uncover ambivalance

periodically throughout the process, reassessment will be required to measure progress and

understand plateaus

which of these hydration biomarkers provides the best index of day to day hydration ?

urine volume

muscle will release amino acids to be used as energy under which of the following conditions?

with severe calorie restriction