nutriton exam 4

Programs such as Meals on Wheels provide at least one meal a day that provides ____ of the RDA for individuals who are 60 years of age or older. a. two-thirds b. one-third c. one-half d. one-fifth e. one-fourth

b. one-third

which is a true statement about the aging population? a.Lifestyle, not genetics, determines one's health in later years. b.The aging population will increase over the next three decades in most groups with the exception of non-Hispanic whites. c.Nutritional needs change as one ages, but fluid needs do not. d.The prevalence of obesity in the United States is low in the population aged 65 and older. e.Nutrition has little effect on lifespan.

b.The aging population will increase over the next three decades in most groups with the exception of non-Hispanic whites.

Deficiency in vitamin--- causes poor cognition, pernicious anemia, as well as devastating neurological effects. Older adults are at risk of deficiency because 10 to 30 percent of adults over the age of 50 have atrophic gastritis, as well as the fact many medications needed in later years cause issues with this nutrient as well.

b12

The DRI Committee recommends ____ of calcium daily for women older than 50 years and men older than 70 years. a. 800 milligrams b. 600 milligrams c. 1200 milligrams d. 400 milligrams e. 1000 milligrams

c. 1200 milligrams

Check My Work In the United States, ____ percent of people 65 and older live in poverty. a. 24 b. 29 c. 14 d. 9 e. 19

d. 9

Compounds in grapefruit and grapefruit juice interfere with enzymes that metabolize a number of drugs. Which of these drugs is affected by grapefruit juice? a. metformin b. acenocoumarol c. risperidone d. cyclosporine e. indinivir

d. cyclosporine

Which medicine increases levels of the enzymes that metabolize folate, vitamin D, and vitamin K, thus requiring possible supplementation of these nutrients? a. theophylline b. tetracycline c. acetaminophen d. phenobarbital e. methotrexate

d. phenobarbital

Which lifestyle habit was NOT listed in the video as a way to possibly increase lifespan and prevent malnutrition as one ages? a.Consume more nutrients through diet. b.Don't smoke. c.Eat fewer calories. d.Include vitamin and mineral supplements to get adequate nutrients. e.Incorporate exercise into a daily routine.

d.Include vitamin and mineral supplements to get adequate nutrients.

What are two important nutrient-related aspects to incorporate into an eating pattern as one ages? a.low carbohydrate and water b.adequate carbohydrate and a 5% increase in energy with each decade c.low fiber and adequate amino acids d.adequate protein and water e.very low fat intake and fiber

d.adequate protein and water

An estimated ____ of adults older than 50 have atrophic gastritis, making them vulnerable to B12 deficiency. a. 40 to 50% b. 5 to 10% c. 50 to 75% d. 30 to 40% e. 10 to 30%

e. 10 to 30%

The maximum potential human life span is currently about ____ years. a. 125 b. 120 c. 115 d. 110 e. 130

e. 130

A healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidant nutrients seems to slow the progression or reduce the risk of developing ____. a. osteoarthritis b. Alzheimer's disease c. gout d. glaucoma e. cataracts

e. cataracts

In the Nutrition Screening Initiative's "DETERMINE" checklist to determine the risk of malnutrition in older adults, the N stands for ____. a. newly diagnosed with serious illness b. no or very few teeth c. no or very limited social network d. never or rarely goes out e. needs assistance

e. needs assistance

A person's perceived physical and mental well-being is referred to as ____. a. chronological age b. physiological age c. psychological age d. health-related satisfaction e. quality of life

e. quality of life

Almost ____ million older adults benefit from the federal government's OAA Nutrition Program. a. 12 b. one c. 10 d. two e. three

e. three

Muscle mass and strength decline with age decreasing physical stability and balance, which in turn increases the risk of falling. With less muscle mass comes less activity expenditure, as well as lower -----

energy needs

In addition to the natural loss of muscle mass that occurs as we move into our older years, changes in lifestyle, such as transition from employment to retirement, also account for a decrease in -------- ---

energy needs .

In an attempt to stave off heart disease and stroke, many people of all ages restrict ----. In our older years this can be a problem, as limiting fats can reduce nutrient intake and the benefits healthy fats provide. Additionally, fats can make food easier to swallow in the later years and are important to preserving skin health.

fat

Constipation is a common problem in later years due to a combination of certain medications, decreased physical activity, low water consumption, and low ----intake. This makes eating fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes important.

fiber

One of the many challenges in proper nutrition in older adults is that although energy demands decrease as we age, ------ ---- remain the same, with a few key exceptions.

nutrient demands

Older adults who are regularly participate in---- --- have healthier weights, greater flexibility, more endurance, better balance, better mental health and cognition, and better overall health than their sedentary peers.

physical activity

Regular----- --- is the most powerful predictor of a person's mobility in later years.

physical activity

While overall energy needs decrease,---- needs tend to remain the same, and in some cases, increase. That is why it is important to choose lean, nutrient dense sources such as lean meats, poultry, fish, dairy products, nuts, seeds, and legumes.

protein

While energy needs decrease in older years, for the most part, nutrient needs----- -----

remain the same

One of the reasons that---- -- deficiency is an issue in older adults is that they drink little to no dairy, which is a primary source of this nutrient in the American diet.

vitamin D

An estimated 10 to 20 percent of adults over the age of 50 have atrophic gastritis, a condition that results in less hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor in the stomach. Individuals with atrophic gastritis are at risk for a ------ -- deficiency.

vitamin b12

The RDA for ------ --- is the same for older adults as it is for younger adults. However, in older adults it is suggested that most of it be obtained from fortified foods and supplements, due to decreased intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid needed to absorb the nutrient in its natural form in foods.

vitamin b12

--- deficiency is of great concern in older adults as it helps not only maintain bone health, but is also needed for muscle health. By maintaining healthy levels the progression of bone and muscle decline is slowed, which in turn results in longevity and quality of life.

vitamin d

One reason for ----- - deficiency in older is adults is that skin naturally thins as it ages, reducing its ability to make this nutrient from exposure to the sun and convert the nutrient into its active form.

vitamin d

---- deficiency can decrease appetite and blunt the sense of taste. This, in turn, decreases intake and further contributes to the deficiency.

zinc

Low ---- status impairs appetite, taste perception, and immune function. This increases the risk of pneumonia and death in older adults.

zinc

Many medications that older adults commonly use can impair ---- absorption or increase its excretion. Pair that with deficiency in this nutrient decreasing appetite and impairing taste and deficiency worsens.

zinc

In the United States, about what percentage of people aged 65 and older take at least five prescription medicines daily? a. 90% b. 40% c. 60% d. 30% e. 25%

b. 40%

In animals, the life-prolonging benefits of energy restriction become evident when the diet provides enough food to prevent malnutrition and an energy intake of about ____ of normal. a. 60% b. 70% c. 80% d. 50% e. 90%

b. 70%

Dementia affects an estimated ____ of adults older than 70 years of age in the United States. a. 20% b. 15% c. 10% d. 30% e. 25%

15

----- ----- increases blood flow to the brain, thereby preserving mental ability, alleviating depression, supporting independence, and improving quality of life.

Physical Activity

The combination of an inefficient and overactive immune response in aging is referred to as ____. a. inflammaging b. age-associated immune deficiency c. immuno-incompetence d. geriatric immune failure e. inflammatory incompetence

a. inflammaging