nutriton final

A pregnant woman's daily energy needs increase by ___ Cal in the first trimester, ___ Cal in the second trimester, and ___ in the third trimester. 50, 140, 250 0, 340, 450 0, 300, 600 100, 300, 500

0, 340, 450

Adolescents eat about ___ of their meals away from home, which can enhance or hinder their nutritional well being. 1/3 2/3 1/4 1/2

1/3

Snacks provide about ___ of the average teenager's total daily food energy. 1/3 1/4 3/4 2/3

1/4

To be labeled as "healthy" a food must be low in total, saturated, and trans fat, cholesterol, and sodium, and contain at least ____ % of the DV for vitamin A. vitamin C, iron, calcium, protein, or fiber. 10 20 15 5

10

If you eat 1700 Cal/day, what would be an acceptable number of Cal, which should come from carbohydrates? 1500 1300 1020 200

1020

Sidney is a 25 year old female who is 5 feet 6 inches tall and weighs 130 lbs. What are her basic energy needs using the Harris-Benedict equation? Conversion factors: 2.2 lb/kg; 2.54 cm/in Women: BEE = 655 + (9.6 x wt) + (1.7 x ht) - (4.7 x age) 1029 Cal 1389 Cal 1544 Cal 2555 Cal

1389 Cal

How many Cal (approximately) does Rhonda need for basal metabolism if she weighs 130lbs? 1020 1418 1605 2200

1418

Donna currently weighs 160 pounds. What is the least amount of calories Donna should consume in order to loose fat efficiently, while also retaining lean muscle tissue? 1300 1000 1600 2000

1600

*Use Sidney's dimensions (a 25 year old female who is 5 feet 6 inches tall and weighs 130 lbs) What are her energy needs if she recently suffered severe head injuries? 1200-1400 Cal 1505- 1739 Cal 1806-2084 Cal 2700-3005 Cal

1806-2084 Cal

Anne has a normal weight of 52 Kg. If her activity level is moderate (x1.6), how many Cal does she need to maintain her body weight? 1500 1000 2000 2500

2000

Calculate the BMI for a person 5 foot 6 inches (5'6") and 135lbs 27.5 15.5 21.8 31.5

21.8

If you eat a diet of 2200 Cal per day, what is the correct range of carbohydrate grams to include within these calories? 275-400g 300-450g 248-358g 225-325g

248-358g

What percentage of the food from the previous question is fat? 25% 28% 68% 7%

25%

How many Cal are provided in a food that contains 55 g carbohydrates, 6 g protein and 9 g of fat? 216 325 334 70

325

The nutritional guidelines for the daily intake of carbohydrates and fat are ____ and ________ respectively. 55-60%; 20-30% 20-40%; 5-15% 45-65%; 20-35% 40-50%; 10-20%

45-65%; 20-35%

Average protein consumption for a female from 19 years and older should be roughly. 46-50 g 200-225 g 1100-1200 Cal 400-600 g

46-50 g

Use Sidney's dimensions (a 25 year old female who is 5 feet 6 inches tall and weighs 130 lbs) How much protein per day does she require? 35-45g 59-89g 90-110 g as much or little as she wants

59-89g

A client consumes the following foods from the grain group of the USDA Food guide: 1/2 cup of oatmeal; 2 slices of bread; 3 cups of popcorn; and 1 cup of pasta. Based on the ounce equivalents how many servings did the client consume? 6 8 4 10

6

Sally weighs 150 pounds. What are Sally's protein needs if she is undergoing severe stress? 34-40g 54-60g 68-102g 105-136g

68-102g

For someone eating a daily diet of 2200 Cal, the total fat consumption should not exceed 770 Cal 440 Cal 660 Cal 550 Cal

770 Cal

How many essential amino acids are required by the body? 5 7 9 11

9

The nurse working with a client with diabetes emphasizes that the diet should provide A consistent carbohydrate intake from day to day and at each meal Total elimination of simple sugars and concentrated sweets A very low intake of fat More protein than regular diets

A consistent carbohydrate intake from day to day and at each meal

Which of the following is a function of Zinc? All of the statements are functions of zinc Needed for functioning of the immune system It is required to activate vitamin A As a coenzyme, it has an important role in maintaining the shape of proteins Needed for growth and maturation

All of the statements are functions of zinc

Genetics may influence All of the statements are probable BMR the amount of fat stored by the body an individual's body distribution of fat storage

All of the statements are probable

The female athlete triad involves the following characteristics. disordered eating patterns amenorrhea osteoporosis All of the statements are probable

All of the statements are probable

The typical profile for a person developing Bulimia includes Well educated and have a strong dependence on their parents All of the statements are probable High achiever Close to their ideal body weight

All of the statements are probable

Obesity can predispose one to develop osteoarthritis and gall bladder disorders sleep apnea and abdominal hernias All of the statements are probable in a person with obesity diabetes and cardiovascular disease

All of the statements are probable in a person with obesity

Physical activity guidelines put forth by the American College of Sports Medicine (The physical Activity Guidelines for Americans) suggests which of the following to maintain physical fitness? Stretching of the major muscle groups 2-7 times per week 5-7 days a week of at least 30 min of moderate-intentsity aerobic activity All of the statements are recommended Strength training two or more times per week

All of the statements are recommended

Before organic molecules can enter the Kreb Cycle (also called the Citric Acid cycle) they must go through the following processes All of the statements are true fats must be broken down through beta oxidation carbohydrates must be broken down through glycolysis proteins must be deaminated

All of the statements are true

Corn is the most highly subsidized crop by the American government All of the statements are true provides the cheapest raw material that the food industry buys to make name-brand products production by American farmers is over what is needed for people's food consumption

All of the statements are true

Essential fatty acids must be furnished in the diet All of the statements are true include omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids are important for regulating blood pressure, clot formation, inflammatory and immune responses

All of the statements are true

Functions of Flavonoids include Reduce blood platelet stickiness and reduce blood clotting. Protect low density lipoproteins (LDL) from oxidation All of the statements are true Scavenge carcinogens aiding in the prevention of cancer.

All of the statements are true

It is important to vary the foods in your diet because it will help ensure a greater likelihood of: receiving adequate nutrients balancing the nutrients that you need All of the statements are true ingesting diluted concentrations of any contaminants that may be present in food

All of the statements are true

Lycopenes powerful antioxidant red pigment found in fruits and vegetables (such as the tomato) protects aganist prostate, cervical, esophagus and stomach cancers All of the statements are true

All of the statements are true

People buy junk food because the marketing makes it very appealing it usually contains sugar and fat which stimulate the rewards centers of the brain, making it addictive it is generally always available and convenient it is inexpensive and appears to have good economical vaue All of the statements are true

All of the statements are true

Physical activity is beneficial to your health because it increases muscle tone and BMR reduces stress All of the statements are true enhances brain acitivity by increasing blood flow to the area

All of the statements are true

Recent scientific data suggest that fat tissue makes hormones and other chemicals that affect many body systems is an active organ All of the statements are true makes proteins that induce inflammation

All of the statements are true

Softer fats, such as vegetable oils usually contain unsaturated fatty acids All of the statements are true usually contain shorter-chain fatty acids oxidize easily because of the presence of double or triple bonds

All of the statements are true

The predominat type of diabetes in the US population today is called Type II diabetes All of the statements are true is due to insulin insensitivity use to develop most often in people over 45 yrs of age, but is now appearing quite often in children and young people

All of the statements are true

The food pyramid has been replaced by a tool called "MyPlate". Which of the following is true? The portion of grains on the plate should be slightly larger than the protein portion. Fruits and vegetables should occupy half of the plate. All of the statements are true for "MyPlate" Proteins would include seafood, lean meats, legumes seeds and soy products.

All of the statements are true for "MyPlate"

In determining a healthy weight for an individual, which of the following should be considered? Whether a person has a medical condition, which would necessitate the loss of weight Whether the person falls within the weight range suggested for his or her height All of the statements should be considered Where the fat accumulates on an individual's body

All of the statements should be considered

The minimum energy needed to carry on vital body processes is known as the ___ and represents about ____ of the total energy a person spends in a day. Cal; 1/3 Physiological fuel value; 2/4 Basal metabolism, 2/3 Heat of combustion; 3/4

Basal metabolism, 2/3

You are advising a client on components of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans; Which of the following would you include in your advice? Consume alcoholic beverages frequently Limit intake of complex carbohydrates Be physically active each day All of the statements are true

Be physically active each day

The Dietary Reference Intake is a(n) Enhancement of the RDA to protect against nutrient deficiencies and disease prevention. Both the statements are correct Neither of the statements are correct major revision of the dietary recommendations for people in the US and Canada

Both the statements are correct

Recurrent espisodes of binge eating, characterized by eating an excessive amount of food within a discrete period of time and by a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode. Describes the disorder of Bulimia Anorexia Diabetes Metabolic syndrome

Bulimia

Elevated blood cholesterol is a major risk factor for Insulin resistance Acute Respiratory failure GI disorders Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease

After digestion, lipids are packaged for transport as lipoproteins known as: HDL VLDL LDL Chylomicrons

Chylomicrons

A set of nutrient standards designed strictly for use on food labels is called the: RDA FAO recommendations Daily Values DRI

Daily Values

A package of cookies claims that the cookies are low Cal, and the Nutrition Facts panel indicates that each cookie contains 70 Cal. Can this product legally make this claim? (Yes = True; No = False)

False

Which statement is INcorrect? Many older adults face a increased risk of vitamin D deficiency due to decreased exposure to sunlight. Dehydrated adults are more susceptible to disorientation and urinary tract infections. Fat intakes should be moderate in the diets of most older adults because fat reduces constipation. Physical changes of aging that can affect nutrition include swallowing disorders, sluggish intestinal motility and diminished vision.

Fat intakes should be moderate in the diets of most older adults because fat reduces constipation.

All of the following are positive ways to deal with stress except Picturing yourself in a peaceful environment with no worries Having another hot cup of coffee and a cigarette Going for a walk or to the gym for a work-out Expressing your feelings to a good friend or a counselor

Having another hot cup of coffee and a cigarette

A negative consequence of eating too many carbohydrates with a high glycemic index, is believed to be related to Insulin resistance or sensitivity A decrease in blood lipid levels High levels of stored glycogen Acid-base imbalance in the body

Insulin resistance or sensitivity

Identify the correct definition of Metabolic Syndrome A disorder of the thyroid gland inhibiting the hormones necessary to regulate metabolism. Is a collection of disorders including high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and abnormal blood lipids, etc. Is a collection of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Metabolism is extremely high and the cause has unknown etiology.

Is a collection of disorders including high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and abnormal blood lipids, etc.

The physiological response to stress causes vasoconstriction in vessels supplying the kidneys, GI tract and skin. All of the following are true EXCEPT This response: Is further exacerbated by drugs such as caffeine and nicotine Is not affected by drugs such as caffeine and nicotine May cause areas of necrosis leading to pathological problems in these organ systems May lead to malnutrition

Is not affected by drugs such as caffeine and nicotine

Carbohydrate digestion starts in the _____; the end product of carbohydrate digestion is a _____ and is absorbed in the ______. Mouth; monossaccharide, large intestine Stomach; glycerol, mouth Stomach, water, large intestine Mouth; monosaccharide, small intestine

Mouth; monosaccharide, small intestine

You are assessing your own diet. Which of the following would be the most practical tool to use? EARs Dietary Guidelines for Americans MyPlate government site DVs

MyPlate government site

This vitamin is sometimes given in large amounts as a treatment for atheroscleroisis, in order to increase blood flow. thiamine B12 B6 Niacin

Niacin

Upon initiation of the stress response, there is an integrated response of all of the following EXCEPT Adrenal glands Pancreas Hypothalamus Sympathetic nervous system

Pancreas

Major risk factors for Type II diabetes include all of the following EXCEPT Obesity Apple profile Pear profile Physical Inactivity

Pear profile

Which of the following is most important in the prevention and treatment of Type II diabetes? Physical activity Medication A non-fat diet A sodium-free diet

Physical activity

Potential effects of severe or prolonged stress include all of the following EXCEPT G.I. disturbances � ex. Gastric ulcers Renal failure Increased infections Positive protein balance

Positive protein balance

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The theory that proposes that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its' own internal controls is called Overload Principle Behavior modification Set point theory Impossible weight loss theory

Set point theory

All of the following will slow the aging process EXCEPT Smoking and drinking excess alcohol to relieve stress and have fun. Getting adequate sleep and eating well balanced meals Maintaining a healthy weight with restriciton of Cal to 80% of usual intake. Being physically active and including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and olive oil in the diet.

Smoking and drinking excess alcohol to relieve stress and have fun.

Which of the following is untrue Adipocytes can increase 6-10 fold in size. With fat loss, the size of adipocytes shrink, but not their numbers. The fat on a person's body reflects both fat cell (adipocyte) number and size. The number of adipocytes is relatively stable during childhood and naturally increases during adulthood.

The number of adipocytes is relatively stable during childhood and naturally increases during adulthood.

Which of the following statements is true? The increase in children's weight status can be blamed entirely on poor parenting skills. Children weigh less on average than they did 20 years ago. Changes in children's weight status can be largely explained by genetics. The prevalence of overweight children 6 to 11 years of age and adolescents has tripled over the last three decades.

The prevalence of overweight children 6 to 11 years of age and adolescents has tripled over the last three decades.

A package of prunes states that the product is a good source of fiber and the Nutrition Facts panel indicates the product contains 12% of the Daily Value for dietary fiber. Can this product legally make this claim? (Yes = True; No = False)

True

Many older people take in less than the recommended amount of all these nutrients EXCEPT folate and Vitamin B12 Vitamin D and calcium Vitamin A and potassium iron and zinc

Vitamin A and potassium

Which of the following is NOT a fat soluble vitamin? Vitamin C Vitamin E Vitamin D Vitamin A

Vitamin C

This vitamin is synthesized in the intestines by bacteria Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin D

Vitamin K

Carbohydrates which should predominate in the diet include: Whole grains, vegetables, and fruit White breads, buns and pastries Snack foods such as pretzels and potato chips Cookies and candy

Whole grains, vegetables, and fruit

Iron is most important in the body because it is: an integral part of bones and teeth needed for blood clotting a component of myoglobin and hemoglobin an antioxidant

a component of myoglobin and hemoglobin

All of the following are likely complications that obese pregnant women may face except: a low-birthweight baby premature delivery a high-birthweight baby complications during delivery

a low-birthweight baby

Which of the following individuals would have the lowest basal metabolic rate? a person with malnutrition a tall, thin person a person with a fever a pregnant woman

a person with malnutrition

People may choose to be vegetarians because Industrialized farming of meat where hormones and antibodies are readily used is considered unhealthy Relgious practices may prohibit meat in the diet all of the statements could be a concern Meat is high in fat which is linked to many chronic diseases Killing of animals is considered in-humane

all of the statements could be a concern

Which of the following web resources provide realiable nutrition information? www.eatright.org/ncnd.html www.sne.org all of the websites provide reliable information www.fda.gov

all of the websites provide reliable information

You are advising a client on proper foods to include in their diet. The client works full time, goes to school and is on a budget. Things you would be wise to consider before making your suggestions would include: All of the statements are true convenience of attaining the foods price of the foods person's eating habits

all statements are true

The basic building block molecules of protein are? fatty acids amino acids glyerol

amino acids

Which of the following is not a red flag of junk science? a product that promises a quick and easy fix a claim made to help sell a product an abstract published on the NLM's PubMed website a simple conclusion from a complex study

an abstract published on the NLM's PubMed website

Energy from too much ___ can make you fat. fat Carbohydrates any of the molecules listed protein

any of the molecules listed

"One can never be too thin" is an incorrect statement because being too thin causes increase in growth and development hypertrophy of the G.I. Lining decreased susceptibility to desease atrophy of heart tissue, leading to irregular heart beat and inefficient pumping of the blood.

atrophy of heart tissue, leading to irregular heart beat and inefficient pumping of the blood.

Diets high in protein promote __ excretion. calcium iron phosphorous zinc

calcium

The nurse recognizes that the complication most likely to lead to multiple organ failure following acute severe stress is spikes of insulin release resulting in failure to maintain blood sugar levels catabolism of proteins leading to necrosis, decreased immune function and sepsis essential fatty acid deficiency low serum albumin and transferring

catabolism of proteins leading to necrosis, decreased immune function and sepsis

A protein that supplies all of the essential amino acids and enough nitrogen to make the other 11 would be called a enzyme hormone antibody complete

complete

Some overweight individuals may have a genetic defect that leads to incorrectly MC4 receptor formation in the hypothalamus, this would lead to constant feelings of hunger constant feelings of satiety no response to the leptin being produced by fat cells constant feelings of hunger and no response to the leptin being produced by fat cells constant feelings of satiety and no response to the leptin being produced by fat cells

constant feelings of hunger and no response to the leptin being produced by fat cells

Adolescents who eat at home with family members, on average, tend to watch more television be less influenced by their peers gain more weight consume a more nutritious diet

consume a more nutritious diet

Nutrient density refers to foods that: carry nutrition labeling contain a high concentration of vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals and fiber in proportion to Cal content contains a mixture of carbohydrates, fat and protein are iron-rich

contain a high concentration of vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals and fiber in proportion to Cal content

The principle form of 'added sweetener' to food products in America comes from corn sugar cane fruits sugar beets

corn

Which of the following is a source of incomplete protein? poultry fish corn milk

corn

One reason why proteins can help determine the fluid distribution in living systems is that proteins: are small are an efficient source of energy release water when they are broken down create osmotic pressure which attracts water

create osmotic pressure which attracts water

The benefits of physical activity in older adults include all of the following EXCEPT increased blood flow to the brain decreased muscle mass decreased risk of falling improved balance

decreased muscle mass

The difference between the Cal needed to supply nutrients and those needed for energy is referred to as: nutrient density excess Cal recommended Cal allowance discretionary Cal allowance

discretionary Cal allowance

Body Mass Index indicates disease risk associated with weight how much of the individual's weight is fat specific factors associated with risk such as high blood pressure and smoking where fat accumulates on the body

disease risk associated with weight

A weight measurement in pounds is the best way to monitor health as we age does not necessarily reflect a healthy weight since it does not distinguish between fat and muscle gives a true reflection of body fatness gives a true representation of a healthy weight

does not necessarily reflect a healthy weight since it does not distinguish between fat and muscle

At home, when teenagers are frequently snacking, the best strategy for parents is to stock the pantry with plenty of diet drinks and low-fat snacks easy-to-grab foods that are nutritious 100 Cal snack packs enough food for only one snack a day

easy-to-grab foods that are nutritious

Connie wants to increase her intake of omega-3 fatty acids in an effort to prevent heart disease, hypertension, and cancer. Which of the following would you recommend to Connie? eat more coconut oil eat a variety of meats eat several portions of dark fish meat each week (salmon or tuna) eat more cashews and peanuts

eat several portions of dark fish meat each week (salmon or tuna)

The goal of the dietary plan to treat bulimia is to help clients: establish regular eating patterns and restore nutritional health decrease control and establish regular eating patterns establish regular eating patterns restore nutritional health decrease control

establish regular eating patterns and restore nutritional health

Vitamin D in the body can be made from carotene bone exposure to heat exposure to sunlight

exposure to sunlight

The body fuel that can be stored in unlimited amounts is: fat glucose protein glycogen

fat

Energy yielding molecules include all of the following EXCEPT carbohydrates fat fiber protein

fiber

Which of the following health behaviors is the strongest predictor of continued mobility in later years? frequent physical activity maintenance of moderate body weight not smoking low to moderate alcohol consumption

frequent physical activity

The main function of carbohydrates in the body is to synthesize fat insulate the body to prevent heat loss provide material for synthesizing cell membranes furnish the body with energy

furnish the body with energy

A protein hormone made in the stomach when it is empty, triggering the desire to eat is liprprotein lipase insulin ghrelin leptin

ghrelin

The production of glucose from protein or glycerol is called glycolysis lipolysis gluconeogenesis glycogenesis

gluconeogenesis

The human brain depends exclusively on which nutrient as its energy source? amino acids fats fatty acids glucose

glucose

Which of the following amino acids may help to support the immune system during stress? glutamine isoleucine valine leucine

glutamine

The small compound that forms the 'backbone' found in all triglycerides is called: glycerol acetic acid fatty acid stearic acid

glycerol

The stored form of glucose in the body is called: glycogen fat insulin muscle

glycogen

When searching the internet fro a credible source of nutrition information, one should go to the website of a: government health agency multi-level marketing company that sells supplements national health food store chain popular fitness magazine

government health agency

The incidence of childhood obesity has risen and appears to be do to genetic inbreeding has risen and led to a population of children developing Type II diabetes has decreased due to new exercise programs in the grade schools and middle schools has not changed over the last three decades

has risen and led to a population of children developing Type II diabetes

The term unsaturated fat means that the carbon chains in the fat are less that ten hydrogens are missing in the fatty acid chains resulting in double or triple bonds between the carbons the fat lacks glycerol the fat is solid at room temperature

hydrogens are missing in the fatty acid chains resulting in double or triple bonds between the carbons

A patient with diabetes is admitted to the hospital with symptoms of headache, sweating, shakiness, confusion and slurred speech. The nurse recognizes these symptoms as myocardial infarction a mental disorder alcohol intoxication hypoglycemia

hypoglycemia

A child consumes fewer Cal at 14 months than at 11 months. This change in appetite probably indicates that the child is in a less rapid stage of growth not as physically active now as when the child was 11 months old becoming malnourished ill and needs medical attention

in a less rapid stage of growth

Compulsive overeating, or binge eating, almost always occurs at formal settings in private at a party with close friends

in private

People that tend to collect fat ________________ (referred to as a ________ profile), has been linked to diabetes, stroke, hypertension and coronary heart disease. in the buttocks and hips (potato) evenly around the body (pineapple) around the hips and thighs (pear) in the central abdominal area (apple)

in the central abdominal area (apple)

Risks associated with the over-consumption of protein include all of the following except: inadequate synthesis of blood proteins protein-rich foods are often high-fat foods increased risk of colon cancer the diet may be inadequate in fruits and vegetables

inadequate synthesis of blood proteins

Sterols possess a choline and phosphate molecule are composed of a glycerol and fatty acid molecules included in the diet are the main determinant of blood cholesterol include cholesterol, vitamin D and the sex hormones

include cholesterol, vitamin D and the sex hormones

Catabolic reactions include decomposition of proteins into amino acids include synthesis of glucoseto glycogen consume energy include active transport

include decomposition of proteins into amino acids

Clinical findings typical of the stress response during the period following injury include all of the following EXCEPT: hyperglycemia increased BUNs increased retention of fluid and sodium increased blood albumin

increased blood albumin

Changes that take place in the body during fasting include all of the following, EXCEPT impairment of disease resistance increased body temperature wasting of lean tissue disturbances of salt and water balance

increased body temperature

Anorexia may lead to all of the following EXCEPT irregular and low heart rate atrophied brain increased synthesis of ovarian hormones osteoporosis

increased synthesis of ovarian hormones

Regular physical activity leads to depression increases blood flow to all tissues, thus enhancing health. does nothing to prevent disease. is practiced by 100% of the Amercian population.

increases blood flow to all tissues, thus enhancing health.

Counter-regulatory (counter to normal blood sugar control) hormones released during stress include all of the following EXCEPT: catecholamines glucagon insulin cortisol

insulin

An individual can most easily alter his/her energy output by altering intensity and duration of physical activity hormonal activity basal metabolic rate body composition

intensity and duration of physical activity

Worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency is zinc iron iodine calcium

iron

A vegetarian must be especially careful about intakes of iron and zinc- intakes may be too low and vitamin B12; may be too low iron and zinc- intakes may be too low vitamin C and vitamin A- intakes may be too high vitamin C and vitamin A- intakes may be too high and vitamin B12; may be too low vitamin B12; may be too low

iron and zinc- intakes may be too low and vitamin B12; may be too low

Nutrients often lacking in teenage groups include: calcium, zinc, and vitamin B12 vitamin C, sodium, and protein iron. calcium, and vitamin D fat, iron, and fiber

iron. calcium, and vitamin D

Iron-deficient anemia: irritablility, restlessness, unable to pay attention, fatigue, weakness, apathy, headaches, pallor Is an increase of iron in red blood cells is characterized by red blood cells which appear bigger and darker causes an increase in oxygen carrying capapcity of red blood cells

irritablility, restlessness, unable to pay attention, fatigue, weakness, apathy, headaches, pallor

The three dimensional shape of a protein is not important, as long as the primary sequence of amino acids has not changed is essential for the protein to function is held together by peptide bonds requires the presence of all 20 amino acids

is essential for the protein to function

The obesity gene is only expressed in obese people is expressed in fat cells and codes for the protein leptin codes for the protein leptin which promotes fat storage in the cell is absent in the majority of obese people

is expressed in fat cells and codes for the protein leptin

How quickly carbohydrates are broken down and glucose is absorbed after eating depends on how hungry you are is known as the glycemic index is known as the stress response is the same for all types of carbohydrates

is known as the glycemic index

The obesity epidemic in the US All of the statements are true has no ramifications for health care cost or providers is partially due to the convenient nature of our society and the fact that most people have to seek out exercise, in order to get movement into their day. is a predominate concern of food manufactures and companies that market food

is partially due to the convenient nature of our society and the fact that most people have to seek out exercise, in order to get movement into their day.

A scientific study that presents credible evidence to support a health claim includes the scientist's or physicians' opinions. can be made by a single case study that supports the hypothesis. is peer reviewed by other experts in the field. does not include statistical anaylsis of data.

is peer reviewed by other experts in the field.

The 'diet' industry predominately is concerned about the individual's health is there to make a profit is there to offer true help to individuals that need to loose weight makes honest claims about their products and programs

is there to make a profit

Which of the following does not describe a function of fat? it is a storage form of energy it is the best source of energy for the brain it is an essential constituent of cell membrane it is a carrier of fat-soluble vitamins

it is the best source of energy for the brain

Kids spend most of their own money on: toys CDs or tapes junk food Clothes or things that could be worn (jewelry, etc)

junk food

Excess fat breakdown in the body results in elevated blood nitrogen levels urea production increase in body pH ketone production

ketone production

Which of the following are products of extensive fatty acid breakdown during deficient energy intake, resulting in unpleasant physical symptoms? urea ammonia ketones pyruvate

ketones

Which of the following is known as milk sugar? lactose fructose sucrose maltose

lactose

Which of the following functions as transport proteins? actin and myosin collagen keratin lipoproteins

lipoproteins

Drugs may be slow to reach their sites of action in individuals with chronic stress most likely due to elevated glucose levels low blood albumin levels changes in the intestinal villi increased retention of fluid and sodium

low blood albumin levels

Rheumatoid arthritis may respond to a dietary intervention involving a diet: restricted in Cal high in vitamins A,C and E low in saturated fat and high in omega-3 fatty acids low in carbohydrates

low in saturated fat and high in omega-3 fatty acids

Foods containing a ____________ glycemic index are considered to be healthier than those having a ____________ glycemic index low, high moderate, low high, low high, moderate

low, high

Dietary fat and cholesterol are absorbed from the small intestine into the interstitial space circulatory system lymphatic system immune system

lymphatic system

Polysaccharides are composed of three amino acids many glucose units two glucose units

many glucose units

Sugar alcohols contain no Cal cause cavities are absorbed into the blood very quickly may cause gas and diarrhea

may cause gas and diarrhea

Low carbohydrate diets during preganancy may impair brain development in the fetus help to prevent weight gain for the mother may lead to pre-term labor aid in preventing gestational diabetes

may impair brain development in the fetus

Healthy body fat composition for men and women is roughly _____ of total boy weight men: <5% women: <10% men: 10-15% women: 13-18% men: 13-21 women: 23-31% men: 25-30% women: 35-40%

men: 13-21 women: 23-31%

Vitamin A is involved in all of the following except reduces susceptibility to infection maintaining healthy epithelial tissue mobilizing calcium from bone to the blood maintaining healthy eye tissues

mobilizing calcium from bone to the blood

The essential nutrients are those: must be obtained from foods which are predominant in most foods located in the main RDA table that the body can make for itself

must be obtained from foods

Proteins differ from the other energy nutrients because they contain: hydrogen nitrogen carbon oxygen

nitrogen

Research confirms that a common contributor to three of the leading causes of death (cardiovascular disease and diabetes, etc) is: too much exercise genetics undernutrition (not enough Cal and nutrients) overnutrition (too many Cal)

overnutrition (too many Cal)

A body mass index of 25-29.9 indicates that a person is underweight normal obese overweight

overweight

Which of the following foods is most likely to cause anaphylactic shock in a child? peanuts rice oatmeal bananas

peanuts

Amino acids are held together in primary structure of the protein by peptide bonds ionic bonds sulfur bonds hydrogen bonds

peptide bonds

Natural chemicals (besides vitamins, minerals, and polysaccharides) found in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, which enhance health are called __________ and present another reason why it's important to eat ___________________. glycogen,beans phytochemicals, any carbohydrate enzymes, red meat phytochemicals, nutrient dense carbohydrates

phytochemicals, nutrient dense

Three common symptoms of diabetes include all of the following EXCEPT polyuria polydactyly polyphagia polydipsia

polydactyly

Your friend always refers to meat as protein. You try to correct her by saying that: meat contains more carbohydrates than protein. protein-rich foods are always high in fat. practically all foods contain mixtures of the energy-yielding nutrients. protein is not the predominant nutrient in meat.

practically all foods contain mixtures of the energy-yielding nutrients.

Women who enter pregnancy with iron-deficiency anemia have a great risk of excessive weight gain pre-term delivery inadequate weight gain gestational diabetes

pre-term delivery

Positive eating habits for a toddler can be promoted by allowing them to stand and play at the table reward them with dessert when they clean thier plate make sure they eat all of the food they are given at each meal present new food at the beginning of the meal

present new food at the beginning of the meal

Lipoprotein lipase levels are decreased in obese individuals breaks down fat in the small intestine transports fat in the blood stream promotes fat storage

promotes fat storage

Immunity to disease is dependent largely on the body? protein carbohydrates fiber fats

protein

Zinc is highest in foods with high _________ content. protein fiber carbohydrate fat

protein

What happens when the diet is lacking an essential amino acid? protein synthesis requiring that amino acid will not occur. the body will synthesize it proteins will be made but they will be limited in that particular amino acid a person's health will not be affected as long as carbohydrate and fat intake is adequate

protein synthesis requiring that amino acid will not occur.

The first use of protein in case of starvation will be to rebuild tissue replace worn out cells provide energy stabilize fluid balance

provide energy

Foods such as potato chips, candy, and colas are called empty-Calorie foods because they: provide lots of Cal but little nutrients are convenient are lacking in Cal are inexpensive

provide lots of Cal but little nutrients

Identify the foods highest in nutrient density: raw or steamed broccoli, and cauliflower candied sweet potatoes french fries, potato salad scalloped potatoes, fried vegetables with dip

raw or steamed broccoli, and cauliflower

When choosing a healthy bread you need to: read the ingredients and look for a whole grain ingredient listed first look for a bread low in fiber look for a bread labeled multigrain look for a brown bread

read the ingredients and look for a whole grain ingredient listed first

Older adults are predisposed to fluid imbalances due to excessive sweating retention of water excessive urination reduced thirst and not paying attention to their thirst

reduced thirst and not paying attention to their thirst

Carotenoids blocks estrogen activity in the cells reduces risk of heart disease and age-related eye disease found in the blue pigment of blueberries and grapes All of the statements are true

reduces risk of heart disease and age-related eye disease

The body responds to stress efficiently for short periods of time. When hormone levels are elevated and the body is at its peak performance it is defined as being in the _____ stage. alarm resistance exhaustion manic

resistance

Amylase is released from the small intestine and salivary glands pancreas and stomach salivary glands and pancreas salivary glands and liver

salivary glands and pancreas

Fats present in the GI tract: cause difficulty in digestion are carriers of vitamins C and B stimulate and hasten digestion and absorption of nutrients slow down the process of digestion and absorption

slow down the process of digestion and absorption

You are at a friend's house for dinner and high fat foods are being served. Although you would normally not choose these foods you go ahead and eat them primarily because of habit social pressure emotional comfort ethnic heritage

social pressure

The protein leptin causes hunger and a decrease in energy expenditure. some obese individuals have shown a resistance to its effects leading to constant feelings of hunger. acts on the pineal gland in the brain. is normally deficient in obese individuals.

some obese individuals have shown a resistance to its effects leading to constant feelings of hunger.

Identify the two foods which include complete proteins apples and peanut butter soybeans and quinoa wild rice and spinach bacon and jelly donuts

soybeans and quinoa

Which of the following foods best exemplify the Asian culture? black-eye peas, biscuits, peaches, beef tortillas, corn, avocado, refried beans tomatoes, olives, fish, mozzarella cheese soybeans, squid, rice, peanuts

soybeans, squid, rice, peanuts

A benefit of fiber is that it causes irregularity in bowel movement keeps individuals foods from getting mixed up together stimulates the muscles of the GI tract promotes mineral absorption

stimulates the muscles of the GI tract

The catabolic effects of stress induced hormones include all of the following EXCEPT storage of carbohydrates and lipids glycogenolysis mobilization of free fatty acids conversion of amino acids to glucose

storage of carbohydrates and lipids

Elevated HDL concentrations are associated with a low risk of heart disease because they: carry cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the rest of the body take excess cholesterol and triglycerides from the tissues and return them to the liver transport newly absorbed lipids from intestinal cells to the rest of the body carry lipids around in the blood more than LDL

take excess cholesterol and triglycerides from the tissues and return them to the liver

The most important single predictor of an infant's future health status is: the ease and rapidity of delivery the infant's birthweight the age at which the infant first learns to walk how rapid the mother recovers after birth

the infant's birthweight

Kwashiorkor exhibits the following symptoms: only occurs in mature adults the limbs and face swell with edema, and the belly bulges with edema and a fatty liver skin and bones, appear as little old people severe wasting of body fat and muscle occurs

the limbs and face swell with edema, and the belly bulges with edema and a fatty liver

Which of the following statements about vitamins is true? they are inorganic they catalyze the release of energy from the other three organic nutrients by serving as coenzymes they provide energy to the body they provide the medium in which all of the body's processes take place

they catalyze the release of energy from the other three organic nutrients by serving as coenzymes

One of the common reasons female athletes are at a high risk for iron-deficient anemia is because they usually don't eat meat red blood cells containing iron are lost from sport's injuries they drink a lot of caffeinated beverages they tend to loose iron from red blood cell destruction through impact of the body aganist the ground

they tend to loose iron from red blood cell destruction through impact of the body aganist the ground

The main dietary determinant(s) of blood cholesterol is/are: dietary cholesterol dietary saturated fat total dietary fat and dietary saturated fat dietary carbohydrates dietary cholesterol and total dietary fat dietary total fat

total dietary fat and dietary saturated fat

To ensure that the vitamin and mineral recommendations meet the needs of as many people as possible, the recommendations are set near the top end of the range of the populations's estimated average requirements. True False

true

Alcohol does not provide any Cal for energy promotes maintenance and repair in the body usually contains roughly 7 Cal/g does not contribute to body fat

usually contains roughly 7 Cal/g

Which of these functions is the least important for proteins? utilization for energy component of cellular structures form enzymes form osmotic pressure in the blood

utilization for energy

The effects of elevated catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) during stress result in all of the following EXCEPT bronchodilation vasodilation in skeletal muscle vasodilation in GI tract and kidneys increased heart rate and heart contractility

vasodilation in GI tract and kidneys

The absorption of iron from iron-containing foods can double or triple when eaten at the same meal with foods containing __ folate calcium biotin vitamin C

vitamin C

All chemical reactions within the Kreb cycle and the electron transport chain require enzymes in order to proceed. Enzymes must maintain a specific shape to do their job. In order for the enzyme to maintain it's shape, it requires either carbs or protein fiber or phytochemicals vitamins or minerals carbs or fat

vitamins or minerals

All of the following nutrients are organic EXCEPT fat protein water vitamins

water

The best way to include phytochemicals in your diet is to eat __. processed foods whole vegetables, grains and fruit All of the above supplements

whole vegetables, grains and fruit

Among the following, the foods that help most to meet children's iron requirements are oranges, apples or bananas milk, cheese, or yoqurt dark green, deep orange or yellow vegetables whole-wheat, enriched, or fortified breads

whole-wheat, enriched, or fortified breads

Pancreatic lipase works in the large intestine to break down lipids works in the small intestine to break down lipids works in the body tissues allowing them to absorb fat works inside the pancreas to breakdown lipids

works in the small intestine to break down lipids

Which of the following is Incorrectly defined? Adequate Intake (AI): average amounts of nutrients determined to be adequate through solid experimental data to meet the needs of healthy individuals. Estimated Average Requirement EAR): the amount of a nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the people of a given age and sex group. Used to estimate the needs of certain populations. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA): the average daily amounts of nutrients considered adequate to meet the known needs of practically all healthy people. Based on solid experimental evidence and other reliable observations. Tolerable Upper Intake; the maximum amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse health effects.

Adequate Intake (AI): average amounts of nutrients determined to be adequate

Sandra has fat that collects in her abdominal area. In order to reduce the fat in this area she should Use massage in the abdominal area to break up the fat. Do lots of sit-ups to target the area for weight loss. Adopt an overall eating and exercise plan.

Adopt an overall eating and exercise plan.

Which of the following is correctly defined? Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM): Due to a lack of food, a person will degrade their own body protein for energy and indirectly suffer a protein deficiency Kwasiorkor: usually develops in a child that has been switched from protein-rich breast milk to starchy, protein-poor gruel. Maramus: a disease caused from malnutrition, where the food is of such low quality that it cannot sustain life, much less growth. All of the answers are correctly defined.

All of the answers are correctly defined.

To prevent feelings of 'hunger' drink 8 glasses of 8 oz of water daily eat nutrient dense foods which are naturally high in fiber All of the statements are beneficial eat enough Cal to at least meet your minimal energy requirements (BMR)

All of the statements are beneficial

Benefits of including 20-35g of fiber in your diet: binds cholesterol and carries it out of the body with the feces All of the statements are correct delays emptying of the stomach, thereby causing you to feel full earlier and slows the absorption of glucose into the blood. reduces the risk of colon cancer

All of the statements are correct

Physical activity is beneficial to your health because it increases circulation of the lymph aiding in removal of waste products and infection from the body enhances the conditioning of the heart muscle for strenuous activity increases blood circulation to all tissues, enhancing oxygen and glucose delivery and removal of waste products from tissues. All of this enhances tissue function. All of the statements are correct

All of the statements are correct

Recognizing that clients make food choices for different reasons is important because as a health care provider you may need to advise clients on changing their eating habits. All of the statements are correct understanding the dynamics of food choices helps you suggest healthy alternatives for clients that can still blend with their life style and preferences. clients are unlikely to change their habits if reasonable alternatives for their particular needs are not met

All of the statements are correct

Which of the following is correct? Normal healthy individuals should be in nitrogen balance where the intake of nitrogen matches it's usage in the body. All of the statements are correct PEM means the person is in negative protein balance Growing children are in positive protein balance

All of the statements are correct

The major role of Vitamin E in the body seems to be to aid in normal blood clotting act as an antioxidant aid in protein metabolism prevent skin cancer

act as an antioxidant

The six dietary ideals include which characteristics? abundance, B vitamins, control, density, vegetables, milk adequacy, balance, Calorie control, moderation, variety, nutrient density abundance, balance, carbohydrates, density, vegetables, moderation adequacy, B vitamins, carbohydrates, protein, portion control, variety

adequacy, balance, Calorie control, moderation, variety, nutrient density

Characteristics of individuals with anorexia nervosa include a distorted body image all of the statements are a concern compulsive individuals with very high standards for achievement or success come from educated, goal oriented, middle class families

all of the statements are a concern

Hydrogenation of fatty acids results many times in a trans-fatty acid as opposed to the natural cis-form may pose health risks negates any beneficial effects of the original unsaturated fat all of the statements are a concern

all of the statements are a concern

Nutritional support for stress should not be a primary concern be as much as the person can tolerate be calculated so the body receives enough nutrients but does not overtax the heart and lungs include primarily sugar for the brain

be calculated so the body receives enough nutrients but does not overtax the heart and lungs

Basal Metabolic rate can be increased by increasing lean muscle mass of the body be decreased by increasing muscle mass of the body is not influenced by genetics not be altered

be increased by increasing lean muscle mass of the body

Vitamin K is best described as enhancing calcium utilization promoting healthy epithelial tissue being involved with blood clotting being responsible for energy metabolism

being involved with blood clotting

The breakdown of fatty acids is called: beta oxidation deamination glycolysis anaerobic respiration

beta oxidation

The primary function of proteins in the body is to: provide essential water-soluble vitamins build, maintain, and repair the body supply most the Cal in the average US diet be carbohydrate sparing

build, maintain, and repair the body

Weight bearing exercise is not as important as stretching and cardiovascular exercise builds muscle and increases BMR has no influence on weight loss is only for the guys who want that 'beefy' look

builds muscle and increases BMR

Calluses on an index finger, scratches on the back of the hand, esophageal ulcers and a high number of caries may indicate that a person is suffering from compulsive under-eating anorexia nervosa compulsive overeating bulimia nervosa

bulimia nervosa