OB-Exam 1

17. Many companies try to create positive experiences at work. Which of the following is the major reason for this?

Work conditions can have an emotional influence on employee attitudes.

38. Which of the following would be an internal attribution about your behaviour or performance?

Your success this year is due mainly to your hard work effect.motivation to work

41. According to social identity theory, people tend to

define themselves by groups to which they have a strong emotional attachment.

8. Which of the following does the most to improve ethical conduct?

a set of shared values

44. By viewing someone (including yourself) as a New Yorker, for example, you remove that person's individuality and, instead, see him or her as a prototypical representative of the group called New Yorkers. This process then allows you to distinguish New Yorkers from people who live in, say, Texas or North Carolina. This is an example of

categorization

7. _____ is the uncomfortable tension felt when our behavior and attitudes are inconsistent with each other.

cognitive dissonance

1. Self-concept can be described by three characteristics:

complexity, consistency, and clarity

39. As soon as we receive sensory information, we nonconsciously tag some of that information with emotional markers. These markers are:

emotional responses based on thin slices of sensory information.

12. Which of the following statements is true of emotions in the workplace?

emotions are directed toward someone or something

49. Which of the following differences is similar to the difference between emotions and attitudes?

experiencing something vs. judging something

16. Cognitive processes typically occur before emotional processes are initiated.

false

2. The _____ would cause a supervisor to believe that an employee's lateness is due to a lack of motivation to attend work rather than factors beyond the employee's control.

fundamental attribution error

21. Which perceptual error occurs when a supervisor incorrectly rates an employee at a similar level across all performance dimensions based on an overall impression of that employee?

halo effect

13. You have just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. According to the MARS model, these new employees will likely

have lower job performance due to poor role perceptions

48. Eastern University performs a daily computer search through newspaper articles to identify any articles about the university or its faculty members. University administrators use this information to receive feedback about how the public reacts to university activities. In knowledge management, searching for newspaper articles and other external writing about the organization is mainly a form of

knowledge acquisition

33. You have a history of low achievement. You are more likely to be influenced by the _____ effect than high achievement oriented people.

self-fulfilling prophecy

32. Values directly motivate actions by

shaping the relative attractiveness of choices

34. The multiple levels of analysis studied by organizational behavior researchers include all of the following except

the customer

45. ______ occurs when a general negative impression of a person based on one prominent characteristic is made, and that impression affects the perception of other characteristics in that same person.

the halo effect

19. Utilitarianism suggests that we should choose the option that provides the highest degree of satisfaction to those affected.

true

37. ________ involves modifying behavior to be consistent with required emotions but continuing to hold different internal feelings.

surface acting

22. Which of the following most likely occurs as a result of confirmation bias?

A police investigator pays attention mainly to evidence that supports his or her theory about who committed the crime.

24. Why do Americans vary in their values and personalities across regions?

Regional institutions have a greater influence on socialization practices and resulting personal values.

3. The relationship between job satisfaction and job performance would likely be stronger if more organizations provided valued rewards for good performance.

True

5. The best leadership style, the best conflict-handling style, and the best organizational structure are all examples of

contingencies

31. Harassing coworkers, creating unnecessary conflicts, and sabotaging work are all examples of

counterproductive work behaviors

26. _____ encompasses the study of how organizations interact with their external environments.

organizational behavior

10. One way companies can increase the emotional intelligence of their employees is by

EI training

4. To reduce the amount of non-recyclable waste that employees throw out each day, a major computer company removed containers for non-recyclable rubbish from each office and workstation. This altered employee behavior mainly by

altering situational factors so that employees have more difficulty practicing wasteful behavior.

47. _____ is often subtle, but it can escalate into a "good guy-bad guy" contrast when groups engage in overt conflict with each other.

differentiation

11. Jessa just learned that she and her team are being transferred to another division. She is unhappy as she really likes her job, her commute is reasonable, and there is a lot to do after work close to this office. She moved with the team, but as time went on, she became frustrated with the commute, her small cubby, and the fact that she had to drive back to her old location just to meet up with friends. She started to look for another job. According to the EVLN model, this information suggests that Jessa's main reaction to job dissatisfaction was:

exit

18. Phoebe, a manager at a firm, was conventional, resistant to change, and unimaginative. This implies that Phoebe possessed openness to experience.

false

35. Personality traits are more evident in situations where an individual's behavior is subject to social norms and reward systems.

false

15. A global mindset develops through better knowledge of people and cultures. Some of that knowledge is acquired through formal programs, such as expatriate and diversity training, but deeper absorption results from

full immersion in the culture

43. The greatest value of organizational behavior is that it

helps us to get things done in the workplace

20. Organizational behavior knowledge

helps us to understand, predict, and influence the behaviors of others in organizational settings.

30. Etoni is a new employee who comes from a culture that values respect for people in higher positions and values the well-being of others more than goal achievement. Etoni's culture has

high power distance and strong nurturing orientation

36. You are more likely to make a(n) _____ about someone's poor performance if you have also observed the person performing a task poorly in the past and have observed other employees performing the task well.

internal attribution

29. One of the influences on moral sensitivity is _____, which refers to a person's receptive and impartial attention to and awareness of the present situation as well as of one's own thoughts and emotions in that moment.

mindfulness

14. Eric is the advertising head of a firm. He is extremely imaginative, creative, and curious. Which of the following personality dimensions does Eric possess?

openness to experience

25. Which of the following determine whether intentions translate into behavior?

past experience, personality, and social norms

6. Research suggests that people with high levels of emotional intelligence are better at all of the following except

performing tasks that don't require social interaction

42. The objective of the Johari Window is to

reduce our perceptual biases

46. A computer maintenance company wants to capture the knowledge that employees carry around in their heads by creating a database where employees document their solutions to unusual maintenance problems. This practice tries to

transfer human capital into structural capital

23. Surface acting may result in stress and job burnout.

true

28. Organizational effectiveness is considered the ultimate dependent variable in organizational behavior.

true

40. People who believe that their successful completion of a project is due to their skill and hard work are making an internal attribution.

true

50. A global mindset includes the capacity to empathize and act effectively across cultures.

true

27. Mental models cause us to

utilize perceptual grouping to make sense of things.

9. People with high collectivism:

value harmonious relationships in the groups to which they belong.