OB - Exam 2

Which of the following is an example of a SMART goal?

I will increase my sales revenues by 20% by the end of the calendar year.

Which of the following is an example of a subordinately defensive statement?

I'm just following orders.

All of the following statements accurately describe information communication technology (ICT) EXCEPT

ICTs tends to speed up group decision-making activities

How does the psychoanalytic approach to stress differ from the other three approaches?

It does not view stress as a result of person-environment interaction.

All of the following statements accurately describe ERG theory EXCEPT

It groups human needs into three categories: external, regressive, and growth.

What is a benefit of 360-degree feedback in performance appraisals?

It improves the accuracy of performance appraisals.

All of the following statements accurately describe goal setting EXCEPT

It is most useful in small, unpredictable organizations.

Which of the following statements accurately describes family motivation?

It provides energy, even when one's intrinsic motivation is low.

Which approach to stress introduced the ideas of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping?

Lazarus's cognitive appraisal approach

Which need theory of motivation focuses only on higher-order needs and ignores the lower-order needs?

McClelland's Need Theory

Which of the following statements accurately describes the mentoring relationship?

Mentor relationships go through four phases: initiation, cultivation, separation, and redefinition.

Which of the following is an example of a participation problem resulting from organizational distress?

Minerva is so worried about her newest project with a seemingly impossible deadline that she calls in sick when she isn't

Which of the following statements best represents a Theory Y assumption?

People resist organizational needs because of prior experiences.

Which of the following is a goal-setting program developed by Peter Drucker based on interaction and negotiation between employees and managers?

management by objectives

David McClelland's needs theory involves three ________ needs.

manifest

To understand altruistic, fair, and equitable behavior, we must understand an individual's

moral maturity

Drew is committed to his work because of the excellent retirement plan. Which need in Maslow's hierarchy is fulfilled in this example?

safety and security

In America, self-actualization is the pinnacle need on Maslow's hierarchy. When studying cultures with a high need to avoid uncertainty, researchers found workers' pinnacle need to be

safety and security

Which of the following did researchers classify both as a motivational factor and a hygiene factor?

salary

All of the following statements accurately describe positive, healthy communication EXCEPT

A downside of positive, healthy communication is that it excludes competition in the workplace

Most motivation theories in use today have been developed by and about

Americans

Which of the following approaches asserts that stress occurs when emotions or demands upset an individual's natural steady state of balance?

Cannon's medical approach

Which statement accurately describes the difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Classical conditioning involves two paired stimuli, whereas operant conditioning pairs behavior and response.

All of the following statements accurately describe manager-employee communication skills EXCEPT

Good supervisors cannot and should not be transparent in employee communication

Priya is assigned to mentor Neil, a new employee. When an e-mail regarding an upcoming staff meeting is sent, Priya notices that Neil was not included but decides to remain silent. Neil misses the meeting and important information. Which defense tactic is Priya using in this example?

Power play

All of the following statements accurately describe the stress-strain relationship EXCEPT

Research shows that time urgency is the lethal agent of the Type B personality

All of the following statements accurately describe rewarding performance EXCEPT

Reward decisions are among the simplest and easiest decisions managers make.

You would like to facilitate communication with Ming, your coworker. Which seating dynamic will help you succeed?

Seat Ming so that she is at a right angle from you

The absence of heartfelt communication in relationships leads to

Social isolation

Which of the following statements accurately describes stress?

Stress is an asset in achieving peak performance

Which of the following statements accurately describes a quality performance feedback session?

Supervisors must establish mutual trust and be vulnerable to challenges from the employee.

During the stress response, chemical messengers activate the

Sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system

All of the following statements accurately describe motivation factors in Herzberg's two-factor theory EXCEPT

The absence of motivation factors leads to dissatisfaction.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

The greatest benefits from stress are achieved in the midrange of the curve

With which of the following ideas would Sigmund Freud agree?

The unconscious mind influences human motivation

What do all forms of nonverbal communication have in common?

Their meanings are culture bound

Genevieve is overjoyed to have been chosen to work on her company's most prestigious and challenging project. She asks her supervisor to set up weekly progress meetings, so she can receive timely feedback and to permit her to work from home two days per week, so she can avoid distractions. According to McClelland's Need Theory, Genevieve has a high need for

achievement

What is the primary chemical messenger released into the bloodstream at the beginning of the stress response?

adrenaline

By definition, a message has two primary components: content and

affect

When listening reflectively, which level of verbal response reassures the speaker in the early stages of expression?

affirming contact

Claire and Raj work similar jobs for the same company. Since Raj has more experience than Claire, he earns a higher salary. Claire reacts to this realization by putting in less effort. She now believes she makes more money per hour of "real" work than Raj, which makes her happy. Claire would be considered

an entitled

All of the following are sources of task-specific self-efficacy EXCEPT

application of desirable consequences

Which of the following terms in Kelley's attribution theory refers to the cue indicating the degree to which an individual behaves the same way in other situations?

distinctiveness

Which of the following terms is defined as communication and behavior that respects the integrity and dignity of the individual?

civility

Cultural researchers have found that expectancy theory does not hold up well in cultures that are

collectivist

Which of the following is a component of personality hardiness?

commitment

One benefit of individual reward systems over team reward systems is that they encourage

competition

Kiesha was up for a promotion at work but didn't get it. She believes her coworker Mark got the job because of his gender. Because Kiesha believes she was treated unfairly, her bloodstream likely contains high levels of

cortisol

What is the first step in performance management?

define performance in behavioral terms

Which of the following is a leading cause of work stress for employees?

demanding managerial styles

Which of the following is an individual contribution, according to Etzioni's exchange relationship?

developmental potential

Which of the following is the preferred method of workplace communication?

electronic mail

Ashley is a supervisor at a call center. Her employees are comfortable approaching her with their suggestions and complaints. Which of the manager-employee communication skills does Ashley most likely exhibit?

empathy and sensitivity

Which characteristic of effective performance appraisal systems refers to the fair evaluation against established criteria, regardless of individual differences?

equitability

Which of the following terms refers to healthy, normal stress?

eustress

Antonio supervises the art department at a major magazine. In a recent meeting, he told his employees that he didn't care for sculpture chosen for the cover art because it felt too depressing and heavy for that month's light-hearted content. Which of the manager-employee communication skills does Antonio most likely exhibit in this example?

expressiveness

Adam Smith's idea of self-interest focuses on which aspect of motivation?

external incentives

While in group meetings, Josef tends to daydream and ignore the business at hand. When Josef does participate, his supervisor compliments his ideas and thanks him. When Josef daydreams, his supervisor says nothing. This is an example of

extinction

Of the following, which is considered the shortest form of written communication?

forms

Expectancy theory assumes that

high effort correlates to strong performance, which results in a coveted reward.

Which of the following terms refers to the belief that performance is related to rewards?

instrumentality

It's Sunday evening, and Luis had been packing for a trip across the country to attend his company's annual sales conference this week. He is now stressed because a social worker from his mother's assisted living center just called and requested an emergency meeting on Monday afternoon to discuss moving his mother to the nursing care unit. Luis's stress is likely due to

interrole conflict

In the cognitive approach to learning, which of the following personality preference types most likely will scan research reports for the overall theme and then go with their gut as to what research findings can be apply to their organization?

intuitive thinker

Which of the following terms refers to the study of body movements and posture?

kinesics

Which of the following combinations of informational cues would lead to an internal attribution?

low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency

Loehr's full engagement idea asserts that people must

manage energy rather than time

Aaron knows he works much harder than Byron, has a more advanced university degree, but makes about one-third less money. According to Adams's theory, Aaron is perceiving a situation of

negative inequity

Sumi is known for her inability to be on time for group meetings. When she is late, her boss nags her about it. When she is on time, her boss says nothing. This is an example of

negative reinforcement

Frances has just been promoted to her dream job, but she is extremely fearful of making mistakes and looking foolish in front of her peers. To compensate, she spends the majority of her time on her phone with Isabella, her former mentor who now works elsewhere. Frances does not make any decisions without checking with Isabella first. Frances has developed a pattern of

overdependence

The power of earning rests on a direct link between

performance and rewards

Which motivational theory classification emphasizes the nature of the interaction between the individual and the environment?

process theories

According to James Lynch, what is the cure for communicative disease?

reengaging in conversations balanced by thoughts and emotions

Secondary preventive stress management is directed at the

response

Erica is working at her first full-time job. She has a degree in accounting but has been doing little more than data input for two years. She now is apathetic about her work, and her performance is subpar. Erica likely is experiencing

rust-out

Which of the following denotes a gateway through the gender barrier in communication?

seek clarification of the person's meaning rather than interpreting it from one's own frame of reference

Which theory of learning asserts that learning occurs when we observe other people and model their behavior?

social learning

Which of the following is not a barrier to communication?

status similarities

Which of the following is another term for distress?

strain

Which of the following terms refers to a person or event that triggers the stress response?

stressor

According to the job strain model, which of the following combinations leads to a high-strain job?

stringent demands and restricted control

Which of the following is a hygiene factor according to Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation?

supervision

Which of the following is a secondary stress prevention method in organizations?

team building

All of the following are reliability problems in performance appraisal systems EXCEPT

the poorly defined task performance

What is workplace telepressure?

the pressure to prioritize all workplace communication similarly, no matter the format

The intersection of actual performance and measured performance is called

true assessment

Which of the following denotes a gateway through the language barrier in communication?

use simple, direct, and declarative statements

Which of the following is an addiction and the most notable stress-inducing nonwork demand?

workaholism