OB Final
A mediator should enter a negotiation when personal differences are detected. the parties are only talking for short periods of time and tension is rising. the parties are unable to find a solution. a quick resolution is desired but not imperative.
the parties are unable to find a solution.
Which of the following statements regarding employee happiness at work is FALSE? Personality is related to one's happiness at work. Develop good relationships at work. A fit between you and the company is important. Pay is the most important aspect of job satisfaction.
Pay is the most important aspect of job satisfaction.
Which of the following is an illegal interview question? What was your grade point average at XYZ University? Tell me about a time when you experienced conflict in a past job. What are your childcare arrangements? What was your salary at your last place of employment?
What are your childcare arrangements?
Research conducted in an actual organization is a field study. a survey. a lab study. a meta-analytic study.
a field study.
Research that is performed under very controlled conditions and can include observation, interviews, or experiments is called a case study. a survey. a field study. a lab study.
a lab study.
In 2003, six people died from Hepatitis A and 660 were sickened after eating at Chi Chi's, a popular Mexican restaurant in suburban Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In the days following the first death, the CEO of the Chi Chi's chain made a decision to have all restaurant workers and the restaurant itself tested to determine what established the dangerous conditions. (Eventually the hepatitis outbreak was traced to the green onions in the firm's salsa.) The decision to order such testing in the crisis situation is an example of a programmed decision. a nonprogrammed decision. a decision rule. a tactical decision.
a nonprogrammed decision.
Marissa always seems to know who to talk to in her organization to get things done. When her immediate supervisor seemed less than enthusiastic about her proposal, she made sure to mention it to the manager in another department who shared it with his boss. Marissa was just approached about implementing her proposal. Marissa seems to have low self-efficacy. a proactive personality. low self-esteem. an internal locus of control.
a proactive personality.
Research on turnover indicates which of the following statements is FALSE? Unhappy employees are more likely to leave than those who are satisfied with the organization. Poor work attitudes cause intentions to leave, which often causes actually leaving the company. All turnover is bad for an organization. Agreeable and conscientious people are less likely to quit their jobs.
All turnover is bad for an organization.
Research on communication indicates all of the following EXCEPT Poor communication can lead to lawsuits. Effective communication skills are the top skills sought by recruiters today. Poor communication is seen as a causal factor in 70-80% of all accidents. Although good communication helps retain effective performers, it does not increase a firm's market share.
Although good communication helps retain effective performers, it does not increase a firm's market share.
An example of a crucial conversation is asking for a raise taking part in a weekly meeting assigning weekly work to an employee chatting about the company's latest email on the firm's holiday party plans
asking for a raise
Deep-level diversity traits include gender. age. attitudes. race.
attitudes.
According to the leadership decision tree, a leader who makes a decision alone using available information has a(n) autocratic decision-making style. consultative decision-making style. group decision-making style. laissez-faire decision-making style.
autocratic decision-making style.
Which conflict handling style is indicated by an individual who says, "I don't really care if we work this out."? accommodation collaboration avoidance compromise
avoidance
The United Auto Workers (UAW) and Ford Motor Company were negotiating a new agreement to address the auto industry woes during a severe economic downturn. Ford offered to consider delaying layoffs if the UAW agreed to changes in contractual work rules related to the jobs bank. This negotiation suggests the use of what conflict handling style? avoidance collaboration accommodation compromise
compromise
To influence instrumentality, managers can ensure that environment facilitates performance. give employees choice over rewards. consistently reward high performers. encourage people to believe their effort makes a difference.
consistently reward high performers.
The triple bottom line refers to evaluating an organization on all of the following performance criteria but demographic. economic. social. environmental
demographic.
Rodney is a new project team leader. Jerome is chatting with him about some of the problems that could arise and prevent his team from being successful. Jerome offers all the following pieces of advice to overcome barriers to team success EXCEPT floundering often results from a lack of clear goals; clarify goals from the outset of the project. disagreements among team members may be the result of long simmering personality conflicts; be aware of them and be prepared to facilitate interaction between them. dominant personalities can only help a group; let those that are the most vocal have their say. poor performance by a group member could be due to a lack of ability; be prepared to train any group members needing it.
dominant personalities can only help a group; let those that are the most vocal have their say.
Research findings of leader behaviors suggest when leaders are task oriented, employees are more satisfied. task oriented behaviors tend to be more effective in large companies. extremely high levels of leader task-oriented behaviors may lead to burnout in employees. employees who work under people oriented leaders are more productive.
extremely high levels of leader task-oriented behaviors may lead to burnout in employees.
IBM has always been a pioneer in valuing and appreciating diversity in its workforce. Which of the following is NOT a program IBM instituted before legislation or public policy dictated it? gender pay equity women in executive positions family leave for all female employees executive training programs for women
executive training programs for women
Servant leaders put themselves first. make their overriding goal getting their employees to contribute to the community. make their primary mission high-level personal achievement. feel an obligation to their employees, customers and the larger community.
feel an obligation to their employees, customers and the larger community.
Bill is the quarterback of his college football team. The team was 10-0, but lost this week after what Bill says was a very bad call by the referee. Bill seldom says anything about how the referees called any game, but he is very vocal about this one. You know that Bill works hard both on the field and off. You talk to other players on the team and they complain about the referee's call also. In this scenario, given what you know about the referee's call, you could explain Bill's behavior as internal attribution. external attribution. self-serving bias self-fulfilling prophecy.
external attribution.
The Big 5 personality trait ___________ has the strongest relationship to both leader emergence and leader effectiveness. conscientiousness agreeableness extraversion openness
extraversion
Nick's roommate is attending a networking event for his business fraternity this weekend. He says, "Nick, you are so good at going up to someone and starting a conversation. You always seem to know what to do and what to say. You never seem awkward and you can talk to anyone about anything. I want to handle this networking event well—give me some tips." Nick seems to be very agreeable. conscientious. narcissistic. extraverted.
extraverted
Jennifer complains to her friends every Friday night about her job. Each week she tells them she is going to leave her company even though she has been working there for five years. Jennifer is likely to be high in conscientiousness. high in neuroticism. low in agreeableness. high in extraversion.
high in neuroticism.
A fashion designer who creates pieces for a large fashion house for a New York or Paris runway show has high task identity. low task identity. low skill variety. low autonomy.
high task identity.
Sara's laptop started causing her problems. It was taking a long time to boot up, and froze unexpectedly a number of times. Now the laptop has shut down completely and she cannot get it started up again. One of the group members on her project said to Sara, "You should have gone for help when it started acting up, now you've affected all of us." This scenario is an example of what type of decision-making trap? framing bias anchoring overconfidence bias hindsight bias
hindsight bias
An example of extinction is nagging an employee to call a customer. suspending an employee for being late three days in a row. praising an employee for a well written report. ignoring a coworker who is telling dirty jokes.
ignoring a coworker who is telling dirty jokes.
Prior to 1993, IBM managed diversity by ignoring differences and providing equal employment opportunities. minimizing differences and emphasizing similarities. emphasizing differences and opportunities. minimizing differences as deficiency and highlighting differences as opportunities.
ignoring differences and providing equal employment opportunities.
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of groupthink? collective rationalizations illusion of vulnerability direct pressure illusions of unanimity
illusion of vulnerability
Verbal communication should be used when immediate feedback is needed. conveying facts. ideas are complicated. no feedback is needed.
immediate feedback is needed.
The BATNA is the first phase of the negotiation process. a delaying tactic in negotiation. important to assisting you in deciding whether to accept an offer or not. the process of making concessions in negotiation.
important to assisting you in deciding whether to accept an offer or not.
Which of the following is a key level of analysis investigated in Organizational Behavior industry. individual. meta. society.
individual
Michele is being considered for a managerial position at Halliburton. She completes a TAT as part of an assessment center exercise for prospective managers. Facilitators will examine the results carefully for their manager choices knowing that individuals high in need for achievement may find it difficult to delegate authority to subordinates. individuals high in need for affiliation are especially effective at providing critical feedback to employees. individuals high in need for power have difficulties disciplining poor performers. individuals high in need for achievement are especially effective at coaching and meeting with subordinates.
individuals high in need for achievement may find it difficult to delegate authority to subordinates.
The glass ceiling is based on a faultline in the employee workgroup. is the underrepresentation of women in executive and upper level management positions of companies. is an issue that was a problem until a decade ago. is the result of the less effective leadership styles practiced by women.
is the underrepresentation of women in executive and upper level management positions of companies.
Communication that is asynchronous is written for one receiver, but can be read by many. is written for one receiver and read by one receiver. is written by the sender and can be read any time by the receiver. is written for many but often read by only a few
is written by the sender and can be read any time by the receiver.
If you say to yourself, "As soon as I finish reading this chapter in my textbook, I am going to play Guitar Hero for an hour," this specific goal has motivated you because it has given you direction. it has energized you not to stop until you have accomplished the goal. it has provided you with self esteem. it has caused you to re-think how you are working.
it has energized you not to stop until you have accomplished the goal.
Research on procedural justice suggests it is best to exclude employees from commenting on potential changes in company procedures like performance appraisals because they do not understand the decision-making process anyway. it is best to unexpectedly announce department-wide layoffs because when employees suspect changes in their job status are upcoming, they tend to become much less productive. it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage. it is best to send an announcement of changes to the company benefit package for the next fiscal year without providing explanatory details because employees do not understand the financial implications anyway.
it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage.
According to the authors of Organizational Behavior, a company's greatest asset is : its product. its financial resources. its people. its location.
its people.
If there is conflict between two members of a team and the underlying reason for the conflict is personality differences, what is a viable way of managing the organizational conflict? Change the structure of the organization. Focus attention on a common enemy of the two clashing team members. Take a majority vote on which individual is causing more issues on the team. Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.
Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.
Maria strongly disliked working in groups in college because she always felt there was someone who did not "pull his weight." However, now that she is a manager, she must organize teams in her firm. Which of the following is NOT a tip to prevent social loafing she has received from other managers in her company? Design and communicate to all group members how they will be evaluated. Assign engaging, challenging and rewarding tasks to group members. Choose a larger number of employees for each team. Define each individual's tasks in front of the group.
Choose a larger number of employees for each team.
Which of the following statements about surveys is INCORRECT? Either open-ended or close-ended questions can be used in surveys. Close-ended question responses are difficult to summarize. Surveys involve asking individuals to respond to questions. Many effective online survey tools are available free of charge.
Close-ended question responses are difficult to summarize.
Research on decision-making styles finds Laissez-faire decision making is positively related to employee satisfaction. Democratic decision making leads to stronger employee productivity. Employees care more about the overall participativeness of the organizational climate than involvement in every single decision. Scientists favor authoritarian decision making over democratic decision making.
Employees care more about the overall participativeness of the organizational climate than involvement in every single decision.
Research on motivation suggests the following: Ethical behavior is learned behavior. Satisfaction with social needs is a powerful motivator in industrialized countries. Subjects in different cultures do not vary in their distribution of rewards regardless of the subject's age. Valuing justice and fairness is a distinctive American-only value.
Ethical behavior is learned behavior.
Which of the following would freeze a conversation? giving praise asking questions empathizing with the other person telling the other person what to do
telling the other person what to do
Hypotheses are entities that take on different values. research tools that elicit respondents' reactions to specific questions. the process of writing out thoughts and emotions on a regular basis. tentative guesses for expected observations that can be tested.
tentative guesses for expected observations that can be tested.
When the goal of the decision making exercise is to make a satisfactory decision because you are limited in some way such as time, you should utilize the rational decision-making model. the intuitive decision-making model. the bounded rationality decision-making model. the creative decision-making model.
the bounded rationality decision-making model.
Esteem needs are the need to bond with other human beings. the desire to form lasting attachments. the desire to feel important. the freedom from an uncertain future.
the desire to feel important.
Motivation is having the skills and knowledge required to perform the job. a function of performance, ability and environment. the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior. the only key to high performance.
the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior.
Mark works as the frozen food manager in a major grocery store chain. When his stock of two-pound bags of frozen shrimp gets down to two cases, he e-mails his warehouse to send ten cases to restock. consensus decision. decision rule. alternative. anchor.
the minimum criteria are clear
The bounded rationality model should be used to make decisions when the minimum criteria are clear. the decision is important. there is time pressure. new solutions need to be generated.
the minimum criteria are clear
Meta-analysis is a study with a group that receives a treatment and a comparison group that receives no treatment. a study conducted in an actual organization. the process of summarizing research findings from studies on related topics. an in-depth analysis of a single industry or company.
the process of summarizing research findings from studies on related topics.
Malcolm is the manager of his department. After performance evaluations, he gives those who have met their goals for the year a pay raise. He gives his employees their assignments and leaves them to do their work but does monitor them so that if he notices a potential problem, it gets resolved before causing difficulties. What kind of contemporary leadership style is Malcolm demonstrating? directive leadership transformational leadership transactional leadership laissez-faire leadership
transactional leadership
Study findings on personality indicate we are more emotionally stable and more organized between the ages of 20 and 40. personality is the primary predictor of work behavior. although personality impacts us during our youth it has no lasting consequences for us. although it is interesting information, employee personality has relatively little impact on placing individuals in jobs.
we are more emotionally stable and more organized between the ages of 20 and 40.
Marcus wants a record of his communication and is not physically near the person to whom he is communicating. He knows it will take the recipient of his communication some time to understand the message conveyed. What communication channel should Marcus utilize? written report meeting telephone conversation blog
written report
Which of the following statements is true? There is an exceptionally strong correlation between attitudes and behavior such that attitudes will almost perfectly predict behavior. Intention to behave and actual behavior are almost always the same. Attitude provides clues to behavior, but situational factors also impact behavior. Attitude is weakly related to intention to behave and actual behavior.
Attitude provides clues to behavior, but situational factors also impact behavior.
Analyzing Trader Joe's success using Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation would suggest that contextual factors, like being among the best paid employees in the retail industry, are the only reason for the firm's success. content factors, like the collaborative atmosphere in each supermarket, are the only reason for the firm's success. growth needs, like the autonomy of opening products for customer samples, are the only reason for the firm's success. Contextual, content, and growth needs factors all help to contribute to Trader Joe's success
Contextual, content, and growth needs factors all help to contribute to Trader Joe's success.
Which of the following statements regarding job performance is INCORRECT? Measures of job performance include the speed and accuracy with which the job is performed. One of the powerful influences on job performance is how we are treated at work. Contrary to what most people would think, stress has very little impact on job performance. Work attitudes, like job satisfaction, are moderate correlates of job performance.
Contrary to what most people would think, stress has very little impact on job performance.
Which of the following is NOT a good piece of advice to offer individuals who want to engage in successful negotiations? Don't establish deadlines; when the negotiations are over, they are over. Be patient; don't rush things. Don't worry about periods of silence; just wait. Focus on agreement first and then go back to those areas that are unresolved.
Don't establish deadlines; when the negotiations are over, they are over.
In comparing Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory to Alderfer's ERG theory ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time. Maslow's theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time. ERG theory is based upon observations of individuals in clinical settings. Maslow's theory suggests that individuals who are frustrated in their attempts to satisfy one need may regress to another one.
ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time.
If two marketing groups within a firm's marketing department are vying against each other for a larger percentage of the budget, which option that the marketing manager could consider to manage the organizational conflict would be MOST effective? Take a majority vote on what the two departments feel is the best budget allocation. Focus the attention of the two groups on a common "enemy" such as another firm that that they compete with for business. Change the composition of the two departments. Restructure the entire department so that teams are no longer used.
Focus the attention of the two groups on a common "enemy" such as another firm that that they compete with for business.
Which of the following statements regarding group decision support systems (GDSS) is INCORRECT? GDSS could make employees reluctant to share information. GDSS could become too complex. GDSS improves the output of group collaborative work through higher information sharing. GDSS avoids all possibilities of information overload.
GDSS avoids all possibilities of information overload.
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about leader-member exchange (LMX) theory? High LMX relationships involve an active dislike between the leader and member. In high LMX relationships, the leader has a trust-based relationship with the member. In high LMX relationships, both leader and member go above and beyond their job descriptions to assist the other party in succeeding. In low LMX relationships, the leader does his job and the member does his.
High LMX relationships involve an active dislike between the leader and member.
Which of the following statements regarding House's path-goal theory of leadership is INCORRECT? The role of the leader in the path-goal theory is to remove roadblocks and create a motivational environment for workers. Each leadership style identified in the path-goal theory is effective depending on the employee characteristics and those of the work environment. House's path-goal theory of motivation is based upon the equity theory of motivation. Leaders can create high performing employees by making sure employee effort leads to performance and that performance is rewarded with desired rewards.
House's path-goal theory of motivation is based upon the equity theory of motivation.
An example of an operational decision is Should we consider a merger with our biggest competitor? How often do I go back to the stockroom to get additional products for display? Should we develop a new corporate structure? Which advertising firm should we choose for our fall advertising campaign?
How often do I go back to the stockroom to get additional products for display?
Which of the following is NOT correct about the nature of social roles in a team? If social roles are filled in a firm, groups are more prone to suffer process losses. If social roles are filled in a firm, groups are more cohesive. If social roles are filled in a firm, group members are less likely to engage in social loafing. If social roles are filled in a firm, group members are less likely to have biases.
If social roles are filled in a firm, groups are more prone to suffer process losses.
Which of the following statements about attribution is correct? Attributions depend only on consensus, distinctiveness and consistency. When faced with poor performance, one punishes the person more if we make an external attribution. If someone's failure is due to internal causes, we feel empathy and offer help. If we make an external attribution to someone's goal achievement, we are less likely to reward the individual.
If we make an external attribution to someone's goal achievement, we are less likely to reward the individual.
Which of the following statements regarding age and turnover is FALSE? Programming opportunities offered to new hires, such as orientation, can reduce the turnover of this group. Younger individuals are more likely to turnover than older individuals. Individuals who have been on the job only a short period of time are unlikely to turnover because they just got the job. Younger individuals have an easier time, overall, leaving a job than older individuals.
Individuals who have been on the job only a short period of time are unlikely to turnover because they just got the job.
Which of the following statements about job enlargement is NOT true? Job enlargement involving giving employees more tasks requiring them to be knowledgeable in different areas has fewer positive effects than job enlargement adding tasks that are very simple in nature. When jobs are enlarged, employees view themselves as more capable. Job enlargement is beneficial because it is positively related to higher quality customer service. The intent behind job enlargement is to increase the variety of tasks to be performed so that boredom is reduced and human resources are used effectively.
Job enlargement involving giving employees more tasks requiring them to be knowledgeable in different areas has fewer positive effects than job enlargement adding tasks that are very simple in nature.
Michael is the United Way pledge leader for his department. He gets along quite well with his coworkers. His pledge leader duties, with regard to specific steps to follow in asking coworkers for pledges and how to collect and report them, are clearly laid out for him in a United Way brochure. Which LPC style is best for this scenario? Low LPC leaders are effective. High LPC leaders are effective. Medium LPC leaders are effective. Either low or high LPC leaders will be effective
Low LPC leaders are effective.
Which of the following is an issue to keep in mind with regard to maintaining an ethical environment in the firm? Monitoring employee online activity is a good way of creating an ethical climate. Use of video cameras in the workplace will make employees feel the firm cares about ethics. High levels of employee monitoring increases citizenship behaviors. Monitoring employees may increase ethical compliance but may create a culture of mistrust.
Monitoring employees may increase ethical compliance but may create a culture of mistrust.
Research suggests which of the following relationships between performance and turnover? Pay for performance systems have no impact on an employee's likelihood to turnover. The establishment of a pay for performance system in a company guarantees that high performers will stay in the firm. In general, good performers are more likely to leave a firm because other firms readily recognize their skills and actively seek their employment. Poor performers are more likely to quit their jobs compared to high performers.
Poor performers are more likely to quit their jobs compared to high performers.
Which of the following is the correct order of the phases in the creative decision-making model? Problem identification, incubation, immersion, illumination, verification and application. Problem identification, immersion, incubation, illumination, verification and application. Problem identification, illumination, immersion, incubation, verification and application. Problem identification, illumination, incubation, immersion, verification and application.
Problem identification, immersion, incubation, illumination, verification and application.
In the sentence, "I did not tell the teacher you were cheating," if the word "I" was emphasized by the tone of your voice, what are you implying? Someone else told the teacher you were cheating. I was talking about someone else. I told the teacher you were cheating. I may have implied it.
Someone else told the teacher you were cheating.
When organizational behavior modification is used to examine employee absenteeism, which step looks at why employees are absent? Step 5: Evaluate and maintain. Step 1: Identify behavior to modify. Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes. Step 2: Measure the baseline level.
Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes.
Which of the following statements regarding team size and diversity is correct? The more diverse the team, the more likely the team is to engage in groupthink. The rule of thumb for team size is between 10 and 20 members. Teams that believe in the value of diversity perform better than those which do not. Teams whose members have complementary skills are less successful than those with specialized skills.
Teams that believe in the value of diversity perform better than those which do not.
Which of the following statements regarding nonverbal body signals is true? Hand waving indicates greetings in Europe just as it does in the United States. A "thumbs up" means five in Germany and one in Japan. The American "ok" gesture would be inappropriate or offensive in Brazil or Russia. The "hook 'em horns" gesture from the University of Texas means you are warding off evil in Italy.
The American "ok" gesture would be inappropriate or offensive in Brazil or Russia.
Which of the following statements about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is INCORRECT? The original objective of the MBTI was to aid World War II veterans in identifying the occupation that would suit their personalities. The MBTI relies on types, not traits. The MBTI is a very effective tool to use in making selection decisions. The MBTI classifies people into one of sixteen types.
The MBTI is a very effective tool to use in making selection decisions.
Which of the following statements regarding leadership and ethics is INCORRECT? People in positions of authority are influential in driving others to ethical or unethical behaviors. Leaders with high levels of moral development create more ethical organizational climates. The contingency theories of leadership are explicit in noting the important role that ethics play in effective leadership. The level of ethical leadership shown is related to a willingness to report job related problems to the leader.
The contingency theories of leadership are explicit in noting the important role that ethics play in effective leadership.
Which of the following statements regarding Gersick's punctuated equilibrium model is INCORRECT? The model views group development as a linear process. Generally groups are static in their orientation. For most periods of time in groups, change is incremental. While disruption, chaos and conflict are seen as inevitable in a group, those events can represent opportunities for innovation.
The model views group development as a linear process.
Which of the following statements regarding techniques for making better decisions is INCORRECT? The nominal group technique is a technique used routinely at most meetings. Consensus requires more time to carry out, but it works well when support is needed for a plan. The Delphi technique is a group process using written responses to a series of questionnaires so individuals are not physically brought together to make a decision. Majority rule is simple, speedy and easy to use.
The nominal group technique is a technique used routinely at most meetings.
In which of the following scenarios would you expect high performance? The five team members never have a negative word to say to each other; there never seems to be any conflict on the team. The two members of the team are constantly bickering. One never says anything without the other disagreeing. The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about a number of issues. The three partners have an interesting relationship. Partner A is almost always in agreement with Partner B, but fights constantly with Partner C. Partners B and C get along at times and fight at times.
The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about a number of issues.
Which of the following statements about case studies is true? They involve a study conducted under controlled conditions. They offer the researcher a very simple and effective way to generalize what worked in a single situation to many other situations. They are a technique employed by researchers to summarize what other researchers found on a topic. They are a way to gather data and explain an event or situation in detail
They are a way to gather data and explain an event or situation in detail.
Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of authentic leaders? They are not afraid to act they way they are. They understand where they are coming from. They have no set priorities. They have high levels of personal integrity.
They have no set priorities.
Gender discrimination is prohibited by which of the following laws? Age Discrimination Act Americans with Disabilities Act Title VII of the Civil Rights Act Occupational Safety and Health Act
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
Which of the following statements regarding conflict and its cures is INCORRECT? A bureaucratic organizational structure can lead to conflict between high and low power people. To avoid conflict in communication, focus on the person, not behavior or its effects. Conflict can be dysfunctional in an organization if it is excessive. Consideration of a broader range of ideas is a positive outcome of conflict in the organization.
To avoid conflict in communication, focus on the person, not behavior or its effects.
An entity that takes on different values is a hypothesis. a variable. a survey. a field study.
a variable.
Research has found all of the Big 5 personality traits to be related to leader emergence and leader effectiveness EXCEPT conscientiousness. agreeableness. extraversion. openness.
agreeableness
Which of the following is a high-risk situation where your job might be at risk for workplace violence? supervising others denying requests made by others caring for others all of the above
all the above
Which instrumental value might surveys find to be prevalent in Wall Street brokers? forgiveness ambition obedience imagination
ambition
A faultline is
an attribute along which a group is split into subgroups.
Individuals with an internal locus of control have an inclination to change the status quo. believe that what happens to them is their own doing. understand what the situation demands and act accordingly. feel that things happen to them because of luck.
believe that what happens to them is their own doing.
Forced ranking systems, like that established by General Electric, provide employees with concrete feedback on what their goals are for next year. are beneficial to a firm if they are used in a consistent manner and for a long period of time. can lead to employee stagnation and a performance-aversive culture. can carry the danger of lawsuits because of equal employment opportunity concerns with employees rated.
can carry the danger of lawsuits because of equal employment opportunity concerns with employees rated.
Scientific management's primary focus is goal setting. efficiency. flexibility. motivation.
efficiency.
All of the following are general mental abilities EXCEPT reasoning skills. analytical skills. emotional intelligence. verbal skills.
emotional intelligence.
Research on performance incentives suggest all of the following EXCEPT employees report lower levels of pay satisfaction under pay-for-performance systems. firms with pay-for-performance systems have higher customer service. eighty percent of all American companies use merit pay. pay-for-performance systems are more effective at retaining higher performing employees than praise or recognition systems.
employees report lower levels of pay satisfaction under pay-for-performance systems.
Ingar Skaug, CEO of Wilhelmsen Lines, changed the decision-making style of his firm to one that gave him all the decision-making authority in his firm. empowered employees to make their own decisions. led his employees to think that he wanted their input but made the decisions himself. made decisions by consensus.
empowered employees to make their own decisions.
Jason sent an email to his mother, "Ur never going 2 believe this. That prof gave me no credit for my paper. I h8 him." (with emoticons included). When his mother got the e-mail, it took her quite some time to decipher the message. Jason should have considered his audience when he _________ the message. decoded validated received encoded
encoded
Maslow's physiological needs may be satisfied by: food. feeling danger-free. feelings of importance. human bonds.
food
Leaders who hold a position of authority and utilize the power that comes from their position as well as personal power to influence others are called informal leaders. transformational leaders. formal leaders. charismatic leaders.
formal leaders
The likelihood that findings in a given study would be found in another setting or study is reliability. validity. meta-analysis. generalizability.
generalizability
Mark has been the teachers' union representative for contract negotiations for the past five contracts. Today the school district presented a counterproposal in which they requested that teachers make a minimal contribution for their healthcare premiums. The expiring contract makes the school district entirely responsible for the premiums. Mark is outraged. He throws the proposal given him on the floor and yells at the school district representative as he exits the negotiation room, "This is a pure and simple insult to my members and I will not sit at a table with anyone who treats them so poorly." Mark is committing what negotiation mistake? having unrealistic expectations letting past negative outcomes impact the present ones getting overly emotional letting his ego get in the way
getting overly emotional
Abdul tends to emphasize harmonious interpersonal relationships, prefers to be with friends, and enjoys family events. Abdul would probably be categorized as being low in need for achievement. high in need for affiliation. high in need for power. low in need for affiliation.
high in need for affiliation.
NASA endured the Challenger disaster when group members conformed with top managers' decisions that launching the space shuttle in freezing temperatures was better than missing the launch window. This is an example of what group process? social loafing cohesion collective efficacy groupthink
groupthink
Firms in the retail industry like Kronos have an incentive to find strong candidates for all of the following reasons EXCEPT replacing an employee is costly. high turnover endangers customer service. happy workers are productive workers. replacing employees is a time-consuming process.
happy workers are productive workers.
Martha's mom asks her to go to the grocery store for her. Martha agrees and heads upstairs to get ready. Before she leaves her house, she sits down at her desk to check her e-mail and receives a text message from her friend Nancy to turn on the television and see the story about their friend, Jill. As the story about Jill comes on, Martha's mom comes in and asks Martha to get her an eight-ounce can of diced tomatoes. Martha smiles at Mom and nods and listens to the story on television as she e-mails Sandra and picks up her phone to text Nancy. When Martha gets to the store, she heads to the tomato aisle and stands in front of the pureed tomatoes trying to remember if mom wanted an 8- or 16-ounce can. This scenario depicts which barrier to communication? filtering selective perception semantics information overload
information overload
Effective managers tend to use more information-rich channels. verbal channels. written channels. nonverbal channels.
information-rich channels.
If both parties to a budget negotiation seek to expand the overall budget so that each party gets more, this is an example of which kind of negotiation strategy? integrative approach accommodating approach distributive approach concession approach
integrative approach
Nancy and Mary are in the same sorority. Nancy is running for the university's student government treasurer position. Mary says, "I'll never vote for her, whether she is my sister or not." Mary is experiencing what kind of conflict? interpersonal intergroup intrapersonal interdependent
interpersonal
Susan is a paramedic for the county ambulance service. Yesterday there was a terrible accident on the interstate when a bus carrying senior citizens to an Atlantic City casino was struck by a small dump truck as the truck tried to change lanes. Fifteen of the bus riders were killed and 25 injured. As Susan arrived on the scene to perform triage on the accident victims, she quickly made decisions as to which victims needed immediate care and who could wait. Susan was using what decision-making model in making these stressful decisions? bounded rationality model of decision making creative decision-making model intuitive decision-making model rational decision-making model
intuitive decision-making model
All of the following statements regarding personality testing in employee selection are correct EXCEPT job interviewers are very adept at assessing conscientiousness in candidates, so the personality test is not really needed in employee selection. there are mixed feelings as to whether candidates' faking responses on personality tests is a serious problem. self-reporting measures of personality may not be the best way to measure personality. personality is a better predictor of job satisfaction than job performance.
job interviewers are very adept at assessing conscientiousness in candidates, so the personality test is not really needed in employee selection.
Maria works at a factory in Lima, Peru where she sews blue jeans for a major American firm. On Mondays, she sews the side seams of the jeans, on Tuesdays she sews on pockets, Wednesdays she presses finished jeans, Thursdays she folds jeans, packages sets of twelve in shrink wrap and places them in boxes, and on Friday she sews decorative stitching on the pockets and side seams. Maria is working under the job design technique of job specialization. job enrichment. job enlargement. job rotation.
job rotation.
Which of the following was a challenge that the IBM diversity task force on African American employees found to be a concern? work/life management challenges lack of networking insufficient health plan coverage lack of participation in decision making
lack of networking
Indra Nooyi has proven to be an effective leader for PepsiCo since she took over the firm in 2006. She exhibits all of the following leadership qualities EXCEPT vision. charisma. proven track record in the industry. laid-back performance standards and style.
laid-back performance standards and style.
The act of influencing others toward a goal is leadership. charisma. power. motivation.
leadership
Matthew and Jim are next-door neighbors and their sons are best friends. Matthew and Jim take the boys on many father-son outings. Matthew is Jim's boss at ABC Corporation. Jim gets high ratings from Matthew. There may be bias in those ratings due to leniency. stereotypes. contrast. liking.
liking
Research on effective teams indicates that they experience high levels of relationship conflict. moderate levels of process conflict at the beginning of the project timeline. moderate levels of task conflict in the middle of the project timeline. moderate levels of relationship conflict and high levels of process conflict.
moderate levels of task conflict in the middle of the project timeline.
Lauren takes a personality survey and finds she strongly exhibits the trait of agreeableness. She might be described as being organized, punctual, systematic and dependable. nice, tolerant, sensitive and kind. outgoing, talkative, and sociable. curious, creative and original.
nice, tolerant, sensitive and kind.
A professor decides to save paper by posting her syllabus on the university's web-based course application program instead of printing it and handing it out during the first class. She sends an e-mail to all her students prior to the actual start of the course that reads, "Your syllabus is available on Courseweb. I will go over that syllabus during the first class but, since I am attempting to conserve paper, will not make a copy available to you. Students however, are welcome to print out their own copy of the syllabus." message medium feedback noise
noise
Overconfidence bias is the tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way that problems are framed. occurs when looking backward in time where mistakes seem obvious after they have already occurred. refers to the tendency for individuals to rely too heavily on a single piece of information. occurs when individuals overestimate their ability to predict future events.
occurs when individuals overestimate their ability to predict future events.
Maurice is described as "very curious. He has very original thoughts. He is a bright young man with a very creative flair." Maurice exhibits the personality trait of extraversion. agreeableness. conscientiousness. openness.
openness.
Which of the following steps is the FIRST you should undertake in negotiating a higher salary? Overcome your fear. Get the facts. Know what you want. Be assertive.
overcome your fear
Research on job characteristics indicate that people with a minimal variety of skills are always less satisfied with their job. people with autonomy on their job are always more satisfied with their job. all people want feedback on their jobs. people who have high growth need tend to expect their jobs to help them build new skills.
people who have high growth need tend to expect their jobs to help them build new skills.
Michael is part of an organizational behavior project group. The group decided on the overall theme of its project and individual members are now completing specific sections of the project. Michael has been e-mailing Rachel almost every day asking her opinion on various parts of his section. The group tends to sit together in class and they have even decided to go out for coffee after class next Tuesday. What phase of group development is Michael's group in? storming adjourning forming performing
performing
Organizational citizenship behaviors include all of the following EXCEPT working voluntary overtime. assisting new employees. speaking positively about the organization. performing the duties in one's job description.
performing the duties in one's job description.
All of the following are actions those who perceive inequity can undertake to "balance the scales" EXCEPT steal. begin to arrive at work late. quit. produce higher quality work.
produce higher quality work.
Hank is part of a team doing engineering design on a new hybrid automobile. Hank's team has completed designing the vehicle. His team is now ready to hand off to another team who will be dealing with _____________ tasks. development production idea generation problem
production
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits discrimination against employees older than 65. prohibits discrimination against employees age 40 or older. prohibits discrimination against employees only with regard to pay. is seldom cited in lawsuits as age discrimination is largely absent from the American workplace.
prohibits discrimination against employees age 40 or older.
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires a firm to hire individuals with disabilities. requires a firm to interview individuals with disabilities. prohibits discrimination in employment against individuals with physical disabilities. prohibits discrimination in employment against individuals with physical or mental disabilities if these employees are otherwise qualified to do their jobs with or without reasonable accommodation.
prohibits discrimination in employment against individuals with physical or mental disabilities if these employees are otherwise qualified to do their jobs with or without reasonable accommodation.
Structural empowerment refers to making a person powerless. is the degree to which a person has higher order needs such as esteem and self-actualization. refers to the aspects of the work environment that give employees discretion, autonomy and the ability to do jobs effectively. is the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks.
refers to the aspects of the work environment that give employees discretion, autonomy and the ability to do jobs effectively.
Natalia administered the test to the job candidate three different times. She is looking at the scores and sees that they are 85, 87 and 85 out of 100. She notes that the scores are fairly consistent or valid. reliable. strong. relevant.
reliable
Expectancy theory suggests individuals are motivated when all of the following conditions are met EXCEPT effort leads to high performance. rewards lead to high performance. rewards are valuable to the performer. high performance will be rewarded.
rewards are valuable to the performer.
Jared is a member of the engineering department in the manufacturing firm and also serves on the Strategy 2015 team, which is crafting an engineering strategy for the firm's future. He has a "Do not miss" meeting in the engineering department scheduled for Wednesday at 8 a.m. and just received an urgent email about a "Can't miss" meeting for the strategy group at 8:15 a.m. Wednesday morning. Jared is experiencing interpersonal conflict. role ambiguity. role conflict. group conflict.
role conflict.
Which of the following is a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory of motivation? promotion opportunities. interesting work. salary. achievement.
salary
Which of the following terms is an example to biased language? salesman cleaner nurse engineer
salesman
Early experiences are important influences over dominant values. If Sharon was raised by an aunt because her parents had both died when she was ten, she most likely would see what value as central to her life? an exciting life security self-respect forgiveness
security
Martin is the financial director of the small business. He recently read a memo from one department presenting a new idea for a product. During the discussion on the item afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and marketing that product. The barrier facing Martin in this scenario is filtering. selective perception. emotional disconnects. semantics.
selective perception.
The collaborative work environment at Trader Joe's satisfies which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? safety self-actualization social physiological
social
The lesson learned from PointCast is social issues in negotiation can be deal-breakers. take the first offer you are presented. financial issues always make or break a deal. unless you have to disclose something, don't.
social issues in negotiation can be deal-breakers.
The Ringelmann effect is also known as group cohesion. collective efficacy. social loafing. groupthink.
social loafing.
Antonio, Alpha Company's marketing manager, will be listening to the advertising pitches from the final four firms today as he chooses the television ad campaign for his product for the fall season. Antonio is making a(n) programmed decision. strategic decision. tactical decision. operational decision.
tactical decision
Escalation of commitment occurs because decision makers do not want to admit they were wrong. strict "turn back" points have been established. persistence pays off. decision makers lack personal pride.
tactical decision
Sociology is the systematic study of group and team processes. the systematic study of the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. the systematic study of the processes by which groups of people make decisions. the systematic study of the processes in the organization and workplace that improve the performance and well being of people.
the systematic study of group and team processes.
Self-enhancement bias is the tendency for people to underestimate their performance, undervalue capabilities, and see events in a way that puts them in a more negative light. the tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light than others see us. the overestimation of how similar we are to other people. the process with which individuals detect and interpret environmental stimuli.
the tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light than others see us.
Validity is an entity that can take on different values. the consistency in measurement. the strength of the relationship between two variables. the truth of a measurement.
the truth of a measurement.
In analyzing the data, the researcher notes that as employee absences increase, scores on performance evaluations decrease. This suggests there is a correlation between employee absenteeism and employee performance. employee absence causes poor performance. employee absence is a reliable measure. employee performance is a valid measure.
there is a correlation between employee absenteeism and employee performance.
Which of the following employees is more likely to turnover? those who have been in the company for a long time. those who have negative work attitudes those who have a low deal of stress those who are high performers.
those who have negative work attitudes
Which of the following would be conditions under which SMART goals would be effective relative to other times? when managers have clearly established goals without employee input when employees feel the skill sets needed to perform a goal-oriented task need to be upgraded when employees have a supportive and trusting relationship with their managers when managers provide feedback to employees on a very irregular basis, if at all
when employees have a supportive and trusting relationship with their managers
In which scenario would directive leadership be most effective? when employees have low role ambiguity when employees have high abilities when employees have an internal locus of control when employees have an external locus of control
when employees have an external locus of control
Task significance is the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high level skills. the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish. whether a person's job substantially affects other people's health, work or well-being. the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks.
whether a person's job substantially affects other people's health, work or well-being.
Companies can reduce the temptation to behave unethically by rewarding only those who reach high goals. rewarding everyone including those who completely missed their goals. withholding rewards from those who are demonstrating unethical behaviors. providing small recognitions for all behaviors even if the behavior has unethical overtones so that no employee feels like he has been singled out.
withholding rewards from those who are demonstrating unethical behaviors.