OB final
With endovaginal sonography, the cervix of an anteverted uterus is seen in the _________ of the screen, whereas the fundus of the anteverted uterus is found in the __________ of the screen. Right side; left side Upper portion; lower portion Right side; lower portion Left side; right side
Right side; left side
What ligament attaches the uterine fundus to anterior pelvic sidewalls; holds uterus forward? broad iliosacral ovarian Round
Round
In PCOS, the ovaries have which one of the following shapes? Square Smooth ovoid Elongated oval Rounded
Rounded
Transvaginal imaging of the female pelvis uses which of the following planes? Sagittal and transverse Sagittal and coronal Sagittal only Coronal and transverse
Sagittal and coronal
Which one of the following is caused by an infection in the fallopian tube? Endometritis Oophoritis Salpingitis Parametritis
Salpingitis
PID can be caused by all of the following, except: Douching IUCD STD Seasonal Allergies
Seasonal Allergies
Using a transvaginal approach, the first structure visualized within a gestational sac is which one of the following structures? Amnion Primary yolk sac Embryo Secondary yolk sac
Secondary yolk sac
Which one of the following is the most common cause of PID? Intrauterine devices Endometritis Sexually transmitted diseases Postsurgical complications
Sexually transmitted diseases
The placenta of the macrosomic fetus can become which one of the following? Significantly thin Significantly calcified Extremely small Significantly large
Significantly large
A heterotopic pregnancy is which one of the following? Twin intrauterine pregnancy with only one viable embryo Bilateral ectopic pregnancies A form of abdominal pregnancy Simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies
Simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies
Which one of the following techniques uses a catheter inserted into the endometrial cavity with the insertion of saline or contrast media to fill the endometrial cavity to demonstrate abnormalities within the cavity or uterine tube? Transendometrography Perineography Sonohysterography Transvaginal endoscopy
Sonohysterography
The pelvic recess between the anterior bladder wall and the pubic symphysis is which one of the following? Anterior cul-de-sac Vesicouterine pouch Retrouterine pouch Space of Retzius
Space of Retzius
Dilation of the entire ventricular system, including the fourth ventricle, is associated with which one of the following abnormalities? Aqueductal stenosis Spinal defects Cardiac defects Foramen Monro stenosis
Spinal defects
A hemorrhage located between the gestational sac and the myometrium represents which one of the following conditions? Placental lake Placental hematoma Placenta abruption Subchorionic hemorrhage
Subchorionic hemorrhage
The most common cause of vaginal bleeding in the first trimester is which one of the following? Missed abortion Ectopic pregnancy Placenta previa Subchorionic hemorrhage
Subchorionic hemorrhage
Which one of the following locations of a fibroid will most likely cause heavy irregular uterine bleeding? Intramural Pedunculated Submucosal Subserosal
Submucosal
The clinical signs of a 32-year-old woman with an enlarged uterus on physical examination and a history of cyclic profuse and prolonged bleeding with increasing pain most likely represent which one of the following? Ruptured nabothian cyst Submucosal Leiomyoma Ruptured follicular cyst Subserosal Leiomyoma
Submucosal Leiomyoma
The widest transverse diameter of the skull and the proper level to measure the biparietal diameter (BPD) includes which one of the following structures? Peduncles Fourth ventricle Thalamus Corpus callosum
Thalamus
The biparietal diameter (BPD) is the measurement of the fetal head at the level of which of the following structures? Thalamus and cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) Frontal horns and third ventricle Peduncles and septum pellucidum Thalamus and fourth ventricle
Thalamus and cavum septum pellucidum (CSP)
Which one of the following statements about the fetal liver is false? The fetal liver is the main storage site for glucose. The texture of the fetal liver appears pebble gray. The fetal liver is very sensitive to disturbances in growth. The right lobe is larger than the left lobe in the fetal liver.
The right lobe is larger than the left lobe in the fetal liver.
Which one of the following masses is a rare and unilateral but benign ovarian neoplasm most often seen in postmenopausal women with elevated estrogen levels? Dysgerminoma Fibroma Thecoma Dermoid
Thecoma
A mucinous cystadenoma is all of the following except: Large cystic mass with multilocular cystic spaces Most common cystic tumor Unilateral Thick with irregular walls and septations
Thick with irregular walls and septations
Late plateauing of the hCG levels in a first trimester pregnancy (after 9-10 menstrual weeks) maybe be associated with: trophoblastic disease Trisomy 21 normal pregnancy ectopic pregnancy
Trisomy 21
At puberty, hypothalamus begins pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs). The GnrHs stimulate anterior pituitary gland to secrete varying levels of gonadotropin. True False
True
Serial evaluation of cervical length is performed in pregnant women with increased risk for recurrent preterm birth. True False
True
The endovaginal examination is a very private part of the procedure, and the communication with the patient during this part is essential. True False
True
The ovaries are mobile and can be found just about anywhere in a non-pregnant female. True False
True
The right ovarian vein drains directly into the Inferior Vena Cava. True False
True
Version refers to the bending of the entire uterus in relationship with the vaginal canal. True False
True
Fusion of the inflamed dilated tube and ovary is called which one of the following? Tubo-uterine abscess Pelvic inflammatory disease Tubo-ovarian complex Pyosalpinx
Tubo-ovarian complex
Which one of the following abnormalities is most commonly associated with cystic hygroma? Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Dandy-Walker malformation Turner syndrome Spina bifida
Turner syndrome
The three vessels found in the umbilical cord are which of the following? One artery and two veins Two arteries and one vein One artery, one vein, and one portal vein Hepatic vein, portal vein, and umbilical vein
Two arteries and one vein
The bony pelvis consists of which four structures: Two innominate bones, sacrum and coccyx Sacrum, coccyx, ileum , pubis Ilium, Pubic, Ischium, coccyx Sacrum, coccyx, ileum , ischium
Two innominate bones, sacrum and coccyx
The ovary receives its blood supply from which of the following artery or arteries? Uterine Ovarian Internal Iliac Two or more choices are correct
Two or more choices are correct
Endometrial hyperplasia is associated with which one of the following conditions? Unopposed progesterone stimulation Follicular-stimulating hormone Endometritis Unopposed estrogen stimulation
Unopposed estrogen stimulation
The vagina has two sources of blood supply; they are the: External iliac artery and internal iliac artery External iliac artery and vaginal artery Uterine artery and ovarian artery Uterine artery and vaginal artery
Uterine artery and vaginal artery
The volume of an ovary is calculated with the following formula: Volume=Length X AP X Width X 0.52 Volume=Length X AP X Width X 0.71 Volume=Length + AP + Width + 0.52
Volume=Length X AP X Width X 0.52
An AFI of 9 cm is considered which one of the following? Polyhydramnios Oligohydramnios Within the lower limits of the normal amniotic fluid volume Premature rupture of membranes
Within the lower limits of the normal
In the transverse plane, an abnormal fetal spine may appear splayed in all of the following configurations except: V-shaped. Y-shaped. C-shaped. U-shaped.
Y-shaped
The cavity in which the fetus exists is called the _________ cavity. embryonic amniotic decidual chorionic
amniotic
The secretion of the follicle stimulating hormone by the ____________ ___________ _____________ causes the ovarian follicles to develop during the first fourteen days of the menstrual cycle. posterior pituitary gland posterior hypo thalamus anterior hypo thalamus anterior pituitary gland
anterior pituitary gland
The __________________________are small vessels run along the periphery of the uterus. arcuate vessels uterine vessels iliac vessels peripheral vessels
arcuate vessels
Uterine artery gives rise to ____________ arteries , which in turn give rise to ___________ arteries. pedundal; radial arcuate; radial arcuate; spiral iliac; radial
arcuate; radial
Clinical symptoms of endometrioma may include which of the following? right upper quadrant pain fever dull hip pain and stiffness asymptomatic
asymptomatic
Paraovarian cysts account are usually simple but can bleed or torse. They account for about 10% of all adnexal masses. Their clinical presentation is usually __________ and sonographically appear as ______________. asymptomatic ; simple cysts adjacent to the ovary symptomatic ; simple cysts in the ovary pelvic pain; complex cysts in the ovary fever, complex cysts in the cul-de-sac
asymptomatic ; simple cysts adjacent to the ovary
Informed consent is a/an ______________-based patient right. justice beneficence autonomy nonmaleficence
autonomy
Theca-lutein cysts appear as_____________? bilateral shrunken ovaries with multiple cysts bilateral enlarged ovaries with a single cyst each unilateral enlarged ovary with multiple cysts bilateral enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts
bilateral enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts
When the bladder is seen protruding out of the inferior part of the anterior abdominal wall, is named: ____ ______. bladder epispadias bladder exstrophy bladder hypospadias
bladder exstrophy
Asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may show all of the following except: a placental problem. head measurements correlating with dates. body disproportionately smaller. body and head small for dates.
body and head small for dates.
The typical primary cancers that metastasize to the ovaries are usually __________, _______, and ______ in origin. breast ; bowel; liver breast ; brain; pelvic organs bone ; bowel; pelvic organs breast ; bowel; pelvic organ
breast ; bowel; pelvic organ
The uterus is laterally supported by which one of the following ligaments? round graafian ovarian broad
broad
During the second trimester anatomical survey examination, the images needed for the head, face and neck are : cerebellum, choroid plexus, cisterna magna, lateral ventricle, midline falx, cavum septi pellucidi, lip, and occipital bone cerebellum, choroid plexus, cisterna magna, lateral ventricle, midline falx, cavum septi pellucidi, lip, and nuchal fold cerebellum, choroid plexus, cisterna magna, lateral ventricle, midline falx, corpus callosum, lip, and nuchal fold cerebellum, choroid plexus, cisterna magna, lateral ventricle, midline falx, cavum septi pellucidi, nostrils, and nuchal fold
cerebellum, choroid plexus, cisterna magna, lateral ventricle, midline falx, cavum septi pellucidi, lip, and nuchal fold
The treatment for cervical incompetence is : cervical cerclage cervical injections cervical dilatation cervical stenosis
cervical cerclage
What acquired condition of the cervix will result with the obstruction of the cervical canal? Cervical stenosis Fundal AVM Imperforate hymen Intramural Myoma
cervical stenosis
A small percentage of leiomyomas is located in which one of the following structures? cervix fundus myometrium body
cervix
Nabothian cysts are found near which one of the following anatomic structures? cervix broad ligament vaginal canal peritoneum
cervix
The profile view of the fetal face is important to examine to rule out all of the following abnormalities except: frontal bossing. micrognathia. cephalocele. cleft soft palate.
cleft soft palate.
The portion of the myometrial or burrowing side of the conceptus is known as the ______ ________. decidua capsularis decidual sac decidua basalis
decidua basalis
A specific diagnosis of a paraovarian cyst is possible only by: demonstrating thin deformable walls intervening surgically demonstrating a lack of peripheral blood flow demonstrating an ipsilateral ovary separate from the cyst
demonstrating an ipsilateral ovary separate from the cyst
Endometriosis is classified into two forms: ______ and _______. diffuse; local calcified; non-calcified benign; malignant small; large
diffuse; local
The serum level of beta hCG is __________________ with gestational trophoblastic disease. dramatically decreased mildly decreased mildly elevated dramatically elevated
dramatically elevated
What is the clinical presentation for endometriosis? dysmenorrhea and/or amenorrhea menorrhea and/or endometrial hyperplasia dysmenorrhea and/or dyspareunia anovulatory cycle and/or amenorrhea
dysmenorrhea and/or dyspareunia
A common clinical sign for germ cell tumors is elevated Hcg levels calcifications sonographic complexity bilateral
elevated Hcg levels
Which of the following statements regarding adenomyosis is false? may cause abnormal uterine bleeding it can be managed with hormone therapy elevated progesterone levels may promote the growth of the myometrial islands of endometrium may be the cause of painful menses
elevated progesterone levels may promote the growth of the myometrial islands of endometrium
The "triple-line" sign is associated with which one of the following structures? ovary cervix vaginal fold endometrium
endometrium
When evaluating the patient who is infertile, in addition to assessing structural anatomy of the pelvic organs, the sonographer should evaluate in detail the: pouch of Douglas presence of corpus luteal cysts vaginal canal endometrium
endometrium
By measuring all four: BPD, HC, FL, and AC, the sonographer can report the ____________ estimated fetal weight estimated fetal genetic make up estimated fetal position
estimated fetal weight
All of the following are reasons for first trimester OB scanning, except: evaluate for fetal well being evaluate for a hydatidiform mole screen for fetal aneuploidy evaluate multiple gestations
evaluate for fetal well being
Which one of the following structures arises from the uterine cornua and is approximately 12 cm in length ? fallopian tube uterine artery broad tube ovarian tube
fallopian tube
dizygotic twins
faternal
These are the two types of first trimester examinations: first trimester examination; spinal translucency first trimester examination; nasal thickness first trimester examination; biophysical profile first trimester examination; nuchal translucency
first trimester examination; nuchal translucency
Protrudes into upper portion of vaginal canal forming __________ archlike recesses called __________? four labia minora two fornices four fornices two labia minora
four fornices
What does the GPA stands for? ( in the Obstetric world) growth, parity, abortus gravida, patient, arrivals gravida, parity, abortus gravida, pregnancies, abortions
gravida, parity, abortus
Which one of the following laboratory tests is used to indicate pregnancy when the values are elevated? LH FSH hCG HL
hCG
Terminology that refers to a structure not being uniform in texture and composition is called heterogeneous hyperechoic echogenic hypoechoic
heterogeneous
Biochemical screening in Trisomy 21 fetuses reveals _______ hCG levels. low normal high
high
Because of the low-density brain tissue, the texture of the brain may appear ______________. hyperechoic hypoechoic inhomogeneous echogenic
hypoechoic
monozygotic twins
identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells, each of which develops into a separate embryo
The fetal orbits should be measured: at the same level as the BPD. in a plane slightly caudal to the BPD. in a plane slightly cephalic to the BPD. in the occipitoanterior position.
in a plane slightly caudal to the BPD.
Clinical observations for IUGR include all of the following except: increased fundal height. decreased fetal motion. grade 3 placenta before 36 weeks. decreased placental thickness.
increased fundal height
The submucosal leiomyomas may enlarge and cause pressure, and are associated with _____ endometriosis heavy bleeding infertility, or pregnancy loss normal pregancies
infertility, or pregnancy loss
Oophoritis is defined as an _____________________ of the _______________. inflammation; ovary inflammation; uterine ligaments inflammation; endometrium inflammation; uterine tube
inflammation; ovary
The most common type of leiomyomas are: _____________. sebserosal endocervical submucosal intramural
intramural
A young 28 year old woman reports LLQ pain. Her LMP was 2 weeks ago. On ultrasound, an echogenic linear structure is seen within the endometrial cavity. This most likely correlates with what finding? intrauterine contraceptive device calcified arcuate arteries endometritis calcified subserosal fibroid
intrauterine contraceptive device
omphalopagus conjoined twins
joined at the anterior wall
Pygopagus twin
joined at the buttock
Craniopagus twins
joined at the cranium, syncephalus with one head
Thoracopagus conjoined twins
joined at thorax
Macrosomia is defined as : large for gestational age normal for gestational age none of the above small for gestational age
large for gestational age
A levoverted uterus is a uterus that is tilted towards the _____________ side of the body. anterior posterior left right
left
The left ovarian vein drains in which of the following veins? left renal vein splenic vein inferior vena cava right renal vein
left renal vein
The abdominal circumference (AC) is taken at the ________________________. diameter of the fetal abdomen level of the stomach, left portal vein, and umbilical vein diameter of the fetal abdomen at the level of the kidneys and diaphragm level of the kidneys and bladder
level of the stomach, left portal vein, and umbilical vein
Stage II ovarian cancer includes which of the following? limited to the pelvis limited to the abdomen limited to the ovaries distant metastatic spread
limited to the pelvis
When a mass is seen by sonography, the following features should be characterized: shape , position in relationship with the cul de sac location, size, external contour (shape) and internal consistency volume, orietation and compression of adjacent structures diameter and echogenicity
location, size, external contour (shape) and internal consistency
The endometrium is best measured by sonography in ____________ axis. longitudinal or sagittal transverse coronal axial
longitudinal or sagittal
The Doppler waveform of the ovarian artery, of the ovary that contains the Graafian follicle, should be: phasic low resistive mean resistive high resistive
low resistive
The physiologic occurence of fluid in the posterior cul de sac commonly peaks in which phase? menstrual follicular luteal proliferative
luteal
The _______________ hormone is released 24 to 36 hours before ovulation by the anterior pituitary gland. gonadotropin-releasing luteinizing follicle stimulation estrogen
luteinizing
The three cyclic phases of the endometrium are :_________, _________, ____________. follicular, luteal, menstrual menstrual, proliferative, luteal menstrual, proliferative, secretory menstrual, follicular, secretory
menstrual, proliferative, secretory
The middle layer of the uterus is which one of the following? perimetrium myometrium endometrium midmetrium
myometrium
Complications in delivery may occur with pregnancies associated with a leiomyoma located near which one of the following structures? near the fundus near the cervix near the isthmus near the ovary
near the cervix
The increased risk of massive hemorrhage in an ectopic pregnancy is located: near the uterine cornua. within the peritoneum. within the ovary. within the adnexa.
near the uterine cornua.
Elevated maternal serum alpha fetoprotein is seen in cases with ______________________. placenta previa neural tube defects cervical incompetence
neural tube defects
List the four basic principles of ethics: ____________________ ____________________________ __________________ ________________________ accountability; autonomy; veracity; truthfulness non-malfeasance; beneficence; autonomy; justice autonomy; veracity; integrity; portability veracity; confidentiality; justice; integrity
non-malfeasance; beneficence; autonomy; justice
Findings in an ectopic pregnancy include all of the following except: normal increase in serum beta hCG levels. adnexal mass. intraperitoneal fluid. no evidence of intrauterine pregnancy.
normal increase in serum beta hCG levels.
Measurement of the BPD is taken from the __________ edge to the ___________. outer; inner edge outer; outer edge inner; inner edge outer; falx multiplied by two
outer; inner edge
Measurement of the binocular distance is taken from the ___________ edge of one orbit to the ___________ edge of the contralateral orbit. outer; inner inner; inner outer; outer inner; outer
outer; outer
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is method of fertilizing human oocyte ________ _the body outside inside the uterine cervix inside the vagina in the ampulla of the uterine tube
outside
What ligament extends from the medial border of the ovary to the uterine cornua? broad ovarian cardinal suspensory
ovarian
Ovarian carcinoma is classified into four stages. Stage I is limited to which one of the following? ovaries none are correct pelvis abdomen
ovaries
The fallopian tubes are evaluated by a sonographic and saline examination to determine which one of the following characteristics? duplication patency size lenght
patency
When evaluating the fetal spine, aligning the transducer in a(n) ___________ axis to the spinal elements is important so as to identify all three ossifications points perpendicular or tranverse parallel oblique coronal
perpendicular or tranverse
Excessive amniotic fluid is named: anhydramnios oligohydramnios polyhydramnios
polyhydramnios
Increased levels or too much amniotic fluid in a pregnancy is described as: anhydramnios polyhydramnios polymenorrhea oligohydramnios
polyhydramnios
PCOS includes all of the following symptoms, except: polymenorrhea hirsutism infertility obesity
polymenorrhea
The size and shape of the normal uterus are related to all of the following except? parity age race hormonal status
race
The difference between the peak systolic velocity and the end diastolic velocity, all divided by the peak systolic velocity represents the _________ ____________. D/S ratio pulsatile index cardiovascular ratio resistive index
resistive index
Gastroschisis is a defect seen most commonly to the ____ of the cord insertion. left center right
right
The endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement in which one of the following phases? secretory follicular ovulatory menstrual
secretory
Significant maternal risk factors for IUGR include all of the following except: history of a fetus with IUGR. significant hypotension. history of tobacco use. significant placenta hemorrhage.
significant hypotension
Which one of the following arteries sheds blood during the menses? radial arcuate vaginal spiral
spiral
The uterine masses most frequently associated with a high incidence of infertility is a ___________ ? subserosal myomas adenomyosis pedunculated serosal myoma submucosal myomas
submucosal myomas
A tumor that contains fatty sebaceous material, hair, cartilage, bone and teeth is called: cystadenocarcinoma dysgerminoma fibroma teratoma
teratoma
The cavum septum pellucidi is observed anterior to the _______________. peduncles cerebellum thalamus corpus callosum
thalamus
Placenta previa means that the placenta is completely or partially covering:___________ the internal os the fundus the external os
the internal os
Which one of the following statements about ovarian torsion is false? the ovary appears enlarged it is usually associated with an ovarian mass the left ovary is three times most likely to torse than the right it frequently involves the ovary and the fallopian tube
the left ovary is three times most likely to torse than the right
Which of the following statements is false? the ovaries are almond shaped ovaries are located anteromedial to the iliac vessels the ovaries are suspended from the posterior aspect of the rectum ovarian follicle are located along the periphery in the cortex
the ovaries are suspended from the posterior aspect of the rectum
Menarche is defined as which of the following? painful, heavy menses midcycle to endcycle the state after reaching puberty when menses occur the state after menopause, when menses cease
the state after reaching puberty when menses occur
In the early proliferative phase (days 5 to 9), the endometrial canal appears as a _________________ stripe. Choose the best answer. three (3) line large and thickened thin and narrow thick and heavy
thin and narrow
Which of the following techniques are best at evaluating the cervical-fundal length of the uterus? endovaginal endorectal transabdominal translabial
transabdominal
The presentation of a fetus lying perpendicular to the maternal sagittal axis is in the ____________ position. vertex oblique transverse breech
transverse
The outer cellular layer of the blastocyst, which are the __________ cells begin to secrete ___________ basalic ; AFP trophoblastic; hCG parietalis; progesterone
trophoblastic; hCG
An infection that involves both the tube and the ovary is called which of the following? tubo-ovarian abscess salpingitis pyosalpinx tubo-ovarian complex
tubo-ovarian abscess
In the first trimester, herniated bowel will return within the abdominal cavity by the _________ week. fifteenth tenth eighth twelfth
twelfth
The crown-rump length measurement may be used up through the ______ gestational week. twelfth tenth eleventh fifteenth
twelfth
A hyperechoic linear strand of tissue extending from one wall of the uterine cavity to the other describes which of the following? uterine synechiae normal proliferative phase adenomyosis decidua basalis
uterine synechiae
The Gartner's duct cysts occur in the _______________. fundus of the uterus cervix vagina within the endometrium
vagina
In which of the following structures might a Gartner's duct cyst be found? endometrial canal cervical canal myometrial canal vaginal canal
vaginal canal
The size of the cistern magna is obtained by measuring from the _____________ to the ______________. cerebellar lobe; skin line vermis; skin line cerebellar lobe; occipital bone vermis; occipital bone
vermis; occipital bone
The anterior cul de sac is also know as: rectouterine recess post symphysis space vesicouterine recess space of Retzius
vesicouterine recess
The superficial layer of glandular tissue of the endometrium that is shed every month during menses is called which of the following? zona endometria zona stromata zona functionalis zona basalis
zona functionalis
In early pregnancy, the gestational sac size grows at a rate of _____ mm/day. 0.5 1 2.5 2
1
Ovarian induction therapy requires the sonographer to document all follicle greater than _______cm in both longitudinal and transverse planes. 10 1 17 5
1
Beyond 30 weeks of gestation, a renal pelvis is considered abnormal when measuring greater than _____ millimeters (mm). 4 6 8 10
10
The maximum diameter of the atrium of the lateral ventricle measures ______ mm.. 6.5 8 10 11
10
With transvaginal sonography, the earliest appearance of a normal intrauterine gestational sac should be seen with a serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) greater than _____ mega international units per milliliter (mIU/ml) and sometimes 500 mIU/ml. 500 1000 1500 2000
1000
Nuchal translucency must be measured between _____ weeks and _____ weeks, _____ days. 11; 13; 6 8; 10; 6 10; 12; 6 12; 13; 6
11; 13; 6
Implantation of the blastocyst into the uterine decidua is completed within _______ days after fertilization. 10 5 2 12
12
The cranial bones ossify by ______ weeks of gestation. 12 14 16 18
12
Typically, the yolk sac resorbs and is no longer visible sonographically by _______ weeks. 12 10 8 14
12
A normal endometrial response associated with overstimulation is an increasing thickness between 2 to 3 mm and __________ mm. 7 to 10 12 to 14 20 to 25 10 to 20
12 to 14
On what day does ovulation usually occur? 28 14 21 5
14
The fusion of the chorion and amnion occurs between ________ weeks. 20 and 21 14 and 15 9 and 10 11 and 12
14 and 15
On a baseline pelvic ultrasound, an ovarian cyst greater than_____ mm could interfere with ovarian stimulation. 1.5 15 10 5
15
Corpus luteum cysts regress and are typically not seen beyond _________ weeks. 16 to 18 18 to 20 10 to 12 12 to 14
16 to 18
Fetal anatomy may be assessed accurately after _________________. 16 gestational weeks 16 embryonic weeks 18 menstrual weeks None of the above
18 menstrual weeks
Transvaginally, an embryo with cardiac activity should be identified when the gestational sac measures ____________ millimeters (mm). 8 to 12 10 to 15 18 to 25 5 to 8
18 to 25
A mature follicle typically measures approximately _____ cm right before ovulation. 5 0.5 1 2
2
In a patient after an hysterectomy, the normal vaginal cuff should not exceed _____ centimeters (cm). 3.1 6 2.1 1.1
2.1
A dominant follicle grows at a rate of 1 to 3 millimeters per day until it reaches average diameter of ________. 22 cm 15 mm 5 cm 22 mm
22 mm
The average menstrual cycle is approximately _______ days in length, beginning with the first day of menstrual bleeding. 35 30 28 21
28
Biophysical profile should be performed after : 32 weeks 18 weeks 28 weeks 14 weeks
28 weeks
There are _________ types of second trimester ultrasound examinations. 4 2 3
3
Maternal serum hCG levels in a normal intrauterine pregnancy at less than 7 weeks should increase by doubling every _______________. 1 week 3.5 days 24 hours 48 hours
3.5 days
For the transabdominal approach , a full bladder is needed and a transducer with the frequency between: ___ and ____ MHz. 10; 12 3.5; 5 1; 3 6; 7
3.5; 5
Multiple gestation occur in approximately _____% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies. 50 30 10 45
30
In transabdominal scanning, a normal gestational sac can be consistently demonstrated when the beta hCG level is _________ mega international units per milliliter (mIU/ml). 1800 3000 2500 500
3000
At what gestational week does the volume of amniotic fluid stop increasing? 28th 30th 32nd 34th
34th
Oligomenorrhea is defines as having menses at an interval of more than ______days between them. 35 21 38 28
35
The embryonic heart begins to beat at __________ days. 35 23 49 43
35
The blastocyst typically enters the uterus ___________ days after fertilization. 2 to 3 4 to 5 1 to 2 7 to 9
4 to 5
In USA, a normal pregnancy is considered to be _ weeks long. 28 37 40
40
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma most frequently occurs in women over the age of _______ years. 75 30 20 40
40
In postmenopausal patients who are not on hormone replacement therapy , an endometrial thickness less than _____________mm is considered normal. 5 2 8 10
5
Simple ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than _____ centimeters (cm). 2.5 6.5 4 5
5
The normal amniotic fluid index (AFI) should range between ___________ centimeters (cm). 1 and 5 5 and 8 7 and 16 5 and 22
5 and 22
Typically ______ ______ follicles begin to develop; only one usually reaches maturity each month. 10-12 preantral 5-8 postantral 8-10 postantral 5-8 preantral
5-8 preantral
The diameter of the normal yolk sac should never exceed _______ mm. 8 10 4 6
6
Sonohysterography is usually performed on premenopausal women between days ________ of the menstrual cycle. 6-10 10-14 21-28 3-5
6-10
The normal size of the menarchal uterus of a patient who is G-0; P-0, should measure ______ centimeters (cm) long and _____ cm wide. 12-18; 3-44 10-12; 4-5 6-8; 3-5 6-8; 7-9
6-8; 3-5
Normally, the fetal bladder empties at least every ______________. 10 minutes 15 minutes 3 hours 60 minutes
60 minutes
With normal transvaginal sonography, cardiac activity should be demonstrated when the CRL exceeds ______ mm. 5 6 7 8
7
Cranial anatomy is visualized endovaginally after how many gestational weeks? 13th 7th 11th 14t
7th
Accoording the to the SRU (2013) criteria, with transvaginal ultrasound, an abnormal pregnancy is suspected when visualizing the yolk sac fails with a mean sac diameter (MSD) of greater than ______ millimeters (mm). 8 25 10 6
8
The normal size of the menarchal uterus should measure ______ centimeters (cm) long and _____ cm wide. 18; 4 12; 4 8; 5 8; 7
8; 5
The beta hCG levels typically plateau, whereas the gestational sac continues to grow, after _________ weeks. 6 to 8 9 to 10 3 to 5 10 to 12
9 to 10
Embryos with heart rates below ______ beats per minute (bpm) generally have a poor prognosis. 105 90 110 100
90
Vaginal canal measures _____________cm in length, in most adult females, and is longer along the ____________wall. 6; posterior 9; anterior 6; anterior 9; posterior
9; posterior
The single most sensitive indicator of IUGR is which one of the following? Last menstrual period FL HC:AC ratio AC
AC
The single most useful biometric parameter to assess fetal growth is which one of the following parameters? BPD Chest circumference AC FL
AC
Which one of the following biometric measurements is more useful as a growth parameter? BPD Head circumference CRL Abdominal circumference
Abdominal circumference
Which one of the following sonographic characteristics is the most common finding in endometrial carcinoma? Irregular acyclic bleeding Heavy bleeding with a thickening of the myometrium Abnormal thinning of the endometrial cavity, usually with irregular bleeding in postmenopausal women Abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity, with increased blood flow, usually with irregular bleeding in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity, with increased blood flow, usually with irregular bleeding in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
A partial absence of the cranium is called which one of the following abnormalities? Iniencephaly Anencephaly Acrania Osteogenesis imperfecta
Acrania
A benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium is known as which one of the following conditions? Endometriosis Endomyosarcoma Adenomyosis Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Adenomyosis
The best sonographic correlation in the diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy is the combination of no intrauterine pregnancy and which one of the following? Complex endometrium Adnexal mass Ovarian mass Anechoic cul-de-sac fluid
Adnexal mass
Which one of the following is the most frequent sonographic finding in an ectopic pregnancy? Adnexal mass Echogenic free fluid in the Morison's pouch Extrauterine gestation with heart motion Pseudogestational sac
Adnexal mass
On transabdominal imaging of the female pelvis, the distended urinary bladder: Displaces the bowel out of the true pelvis. All of the these answers are correct Is an acoustic window to view the pelvic anatomy.
All of the these answers are correct
Patients on tamoxifen therapy have an increased risk of which one of the following reactions? Endometrial hyperplasia Endometrial carcinoma All of the these answers are correct
All of the these answers are correct
Assessing amniotic fluid volume using the sum of four quadrants is called which one of the following? Amniotic fluid index Amniotic fluid volume Total uterine volume Pocket index
Amniotic fluid index
Which one of the following portions of the fallopian tube is the longest and most coiled portion and fertilization occurs here? Interstitial Ampulla Infundibulum Isthmus
Ampulla
Which one of the following statements about amniotic fluid is false? Oligohydramnios occurs if the fetus cannot urinate. Polyhydramnios develops if the fetus cannot swallow. An amniotic fluid pocket greater than 5 cm may represent IUGR. Not all oligohydramnios are associated with IUGR.
An amniotic fluid pocket greater than 5 cm may represent IUGR.
An ovum without an embryo is known as which one of the following? Ectopic pregnancy Anembryonic pregnancy Diamniotic pregnancy Pseudogestational sac
Anembryonic pregnancy
The absence of a viable embryo in an intrauterine pregnancy with a MSD of greater than 25 mm is consistent with which one of the following? Placenta previa Ectopic pregnancy Anembryonic pregnancy Multiple gestation
Anembryonic pregnancy
Which one of the following sonographic signs refers to the shape of the cerebellum when a spinal defect is present? Sandwich Strawberry Banana Lemon
Banana
Principle of ________________obligates obstetric sonographer to seek greatest benefit in care of pregnant patients. Beneficence Autonomy Veracity Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
The assessment of the fetus to determine fetal well-being, including an evaluation of a cardiac nonstress test and the observation of fetal breathing movement, gross fetal body movements, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid volume, is known as which one of the following? Apgar score Nonstress test Biophysical profile Reflex index
Biophysical profile
Macrosomia is defined as a estimated fetal weight (EFW) or birth weight of which one of the following? Birth weight above 4000 g. Birth weight above 3800 grams (g) for birth weight EFW at 95% for estimated gestational age EFW above 95% for estimated gestational age
Birth weight above 4000 g.
A gestational sac in which the embryo fails to develop is described as which one of the following? Blighted ovum Missed abortion Blighted ovum or anembryonic pregnancy Anembryonic pregnancy
Blighted ovum or anembryonic
The condition that shows the fetal head elongated in the transverse diameter and shortened in the anteroposterior diameter and the Cephalic Index is greater than 85% is known as which one of the following? Dolichocephaly Elongichocephaly Brachycephaly Minicephaly
Brachycephaly
Which one of the following terms indicates that the fetal head is toward the fundus of the uterus? Vertex Cephalic Breech Fundal
Breech
Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome may have the clinical triad of all the following characteristics except: Obesity Bulimia Hirsutism Oligomenorrhea
Bulimia
___________ ________ is composed of connective tissue containing blood, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and some smooth muscle at region of hilum of the ovary. Tunica Albuginea Central medulla Outer Cortex Central sinus
Central medulla
Which one of the following measurements is devised to determine the normality of the fetal head shape? Abdominal circumference BPD Head circumference abdominal circumference ratio Cephalic index
Cephalic index
Complications associated with assisted reproductive technologies include all of the following except: Ectopic pregnancy Cervical stenosis Ovarian hyperstimulation Multiple gestations
Cervical stenosis
__________ _____________ is an acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal at the internal or external os , resulting from radiation therapy, cone biopsy, etc. Hematometrocolpos Squamous cell carcinoma Cervical stenosis Cervical polyp
Cervical stenosis
An increased risk of a complete hysterectomy is present when an ectopic pregnancy is located in which one of the following structures? Fallopian tube Cervix Peritoneum Adnexa
Cervix
The anechoic center of a 5- to 6-week gestational sac represents which one of the following? Primary yolk sac Decidual reaction Chorionic cavity Amniotic cavity
Chorionic cavity
To image the fundus of the anteverted uterus with transvaginal sonography, the transducer should be angled so that the handle is positioned as described in which one of the following? Farther from the bed Left to the patient Closer to the bed Right to the patient
Closer to the bed
The most common adnexal mass found during early pregnancy is which one of the following cysts? Follicular Corpus luteal Paraovarian Theca-lutein
Corpus luteal
Which one of the following is the most common pelvic mass seen in a first-trimester pregnancy? Fibroid Corpus luteum cyst Ovarian dermoid Ectopic pregnancy
Corpus luteum cyst
Which one of the following measurements is the most accurate for determining gestational age in the first trimester? Crown-rump length (CRL) BPD MSD Yolk sac diameter
Crown-rump length (CRL)
The normal ovary exhibits which one of the following characteristic appearances? Central hypoechoic medulla Cystic follicles seen along the periphery, with echogenic central medulla Both a heterogeneous echotexture and a central hypoechoic medulla Heterogeneous echotexture throughout
Cystic follicles seen along the periphery, with echogenic central medulla
The villi on the myometrial side of the conceptus are known as which one of the following? Decidua basalis Double decidual sign Chorion laeve Decidua capsularis
Decidua basalis
A tumor that may mimic gas or feces in the pelvis and may even display a "tip of the iceberg" sign is which one of the following masses? Leiomyoma Dermoid Granulosa Lipoma
Dermoid
The most common benign tumor of the ovary is which one of the following masses? Mucinous cystadenoma Dermoid Endometrioma Serous cystadenoma
Dermoid
The most common benign tumor of the ovary is which one of the following masses? Serous cystadenoma Mucinous cystadenoma Dermoid/Teratoma Endometrioma
Dermoid/Teratoma
Which one of the following statements about diffuse endometriosis is false? It is the most common form of endometriosis. Is associated with free fluid. Diffuse Endometriosis is easily diagnosed by sonography. Endometriosis leads to the disorganization of pelvic anatomy.
Diffuse Endometriosis is easily diagnosed by sonography.
Especially in the third trimester, a fetus in the breech position may demonstrate a cranium shape of which one of the following? Brachycephalic Cloverleaf Dolichocephalic Fetal position does not change the head shape.
Dolichocephali
The interface between the decidua capsularis and echogenic vascular endometrium reported to be a reliable early sign of an IUP is which one of the following? Decidua basalis Chorionic cavity Decidua capsularis Double decidual sign
Double decidual sign
Which one of the following structures shunts blood away from the lungs? Pulmonary vein Ductus venosus Ductus arteriosus Aorta
Ductus arteriosus
Which one of the following structures carries oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava (IVC)? Foramen ovale Ductus arteriosus Ligamentous venous Ductus venosus
Ductus venosus
Which of the following ages refers to the length of time calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period to the point at which the pregnancy is being assessed? Either gestational or menstrual Menstrual Gestational Embryonic
Either gestational or menstrual
Ovarian theca lutein cysts are associated with which one of the following? Elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin Ovarian cancer stage III Exposure to radiation In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin
Ovarian theca lutein cysts are associated with which one of the following? Exposure to radiation In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) Ovarian cancer stage III Elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin
Elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin
Limitations of translabial scanning may be overcome by which one of the following? Elevating the patient's head Assuming the left lateral decubitus position Emptying the patient's bladder Elevating the patient's hips
Elevating the patient's hips
In postmenopausal patients, vaginal bleeding is suspicious for which pathology? Fundal Polyps Pregnancy Cervical Stenosis Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial hyperplasia
Which one of the following conditions is described as a hyperplastic protrusion of the epithelium of the endometrium that may be broad based or pedunculated? Pyometrium Chronic obstruction Chronic stenosis of the endometrium Endometrial polyp
Endometrial polyp
Which one of the following tends to have a narrow base attachment to the endometrium with a vascular pedicle feeding it and often cause abnormal thickening of the endometrium? Endometrial cyst Endometrial polyp Myometrial carcinoma Endometrial synechiae
Endometrial polyp
A 25-year-old woman complains of painful menstrual cycles and infertility. Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate a hypoechoic well-defined adnexal mass. Normal ovaries are seen bilaterally. This sonographic appearance most likely represents which one of the following? Endometrioma Adenomyosis A tubo-ovarian abscess Hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst
Endometrioma
A hypoechoic, well defined complex mass with homogenous, low level internal echoes adjacent to the ovary is most likely which one of the following masses? Teratoma Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma Paraovarian cyst Endometrioma
Endometrioma
Sonographic findings of PID include all of the following except: Endometritis Peri-ovarian inflammation Endometriosis Salpingitis
Endometriosis
A 3-day postpartum woman complains of intense pelvic pain. Sonographically, the uterus appears hypoechoic with an irregular endometrium. This condition most likely represents which one of the following? Endometrial hyperplasia Adenomyosis Endometritis Degenerating submucosal leiomyoma
Endometritis
Depending on the menstrual cycle, the inner lining of the uterine cavity that appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound is which one of the following structures? Myometrium Perineum Endometrium Endouterine
Endometrium
Which one of the following measurements incorporates several fetal growth parameters such as BPD, head circumference (HC), AC, and femur length (FL)? Estimated fetal weight (EFW) IUGR Biophysical profile Fetal growth chart
Estimated fetal weight (EFW)
An ectopic pregnancy most commonly occurs in which one of the following structures? Ovary Cornua Cervix Fallopian tube
Fallopian tube
Retroverted uterus is the most common position of the uterus. True False
False
The left ovarian vein drains directly into the Inferior Vena Cava. True False
False
The uterine artery arises directly from the aorta. True False
False
Which one of the following fetal measurements is about as accurate as the BPD in determining gestational age? AC Head circumference Femur length Cephalic index
Femur length
Which one of the following is not a parameter of a biophysical profile? Nonstress test Amniotic fluid volume Fetal swallowing Fetal breathing movement
Fetal swallowing
Symmetric IUGR is usually the result of which one of the following? Second-trimester infection Placental insufficiency First-trimester insult Maternal renal disease
First-trimester insult
Bending of the body and fundus of the uterus, in relationship with the cervix is called which of the followings? Version Stenosis Flexion
Flexion
The ovary produces two hormones. Estrogen is secreted by __________, whereas progesterone is secreted by the ___________. Secretory; proliferative Follicles; corpus luteum Corpus luteum; nabothian Follicles; corpuscle
Follicles; corpus luteum
Which one of the following cysts occurs when a dominant follicle does not succeed in ovulating but remains active although immature? Paraovarian Follicular Corpus luteum Nabothian
Follicular
Which ovarian lesion is often seen as a well defined, smooth borders, anechoic structure on ultrasound? Corpus luteum cyst Carcinoma Follicular cyst Graafian mass
Follicular cyst
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) travels from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle via which one of the following structures? Foramina of Luschka Foramen of Monro Aqueduct of Sylvius Foramina of Magendie
Foramen of Monro
Perihepatic inflammation ascending from a pelvic infection is called ____________ syndrome. Turner de Quervain Stein-Leventhal Fritz-Hugh-Curtis
Fritz-Hugh-Curtis
What is the GPA for a woman, who has had 4 pregnancies, two children (ages 2 & 4), one miscarriage at 16 weeks, and one child who did not survive 2 months postnatal ? G4P2A2 G3P2A1 G4P3A1
G4P3A1
Multiple tiny clusters of grapelike echoes within the uterine cavity best describes which one of the following? Ectopic pregnancy Pseudogestational sacs Incomplete abortion Gestational trophoblastic disease
Gestational trophoblastic disease
A mature follicle is known as a __________ follicle. Müllerian Stimulated Corpus luteal Graafian
Graafian
The clinical presentation of PID may include all of the following except: Heavy menses Pelvic pain and pressure Fever Leukocytosis
Heavy menses
On ultrasound, the characteristic appearance of a degenerating leiomyoma is ____________________. Heterogeneous Homogeneous Isoechoic Anechoic
Heterogeneous
Patients who undergo assisted reproduction procedures have an increased risk factor for a(n) ________________ pregnancy. Anembryonic Molar Heterotopic Monoamniotic and monochorionic
Heterotopic
Which one of the following is used as a substitute for luteinizing hormone to trigger ovulation? Estradiol Progesterone Clomid Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
An asymptomatic 32-year-old woman is diagnosed with a left adnexal mass on physical examination. A history of PID has been reported. Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate an anechoic avascular tubular structure in the left lower quadrant. This finding most likely represents which one of the following? Pyosalpinx Hydrosalpinx Iliac vessel Hematosalpinx
Hydrosalpinx
The differential considerations of a solid-appearing adnexal mass include all of the following except: Pedunculated uterine fibroid Ovarian carcinoma Hydrosalpinx Endometrioma
Hydrosalpinx
The endometrium should be measured from __________ layer to __________ layer. Hyperechoic; hyperechoic Hypoechoic; hypoechoic Hypoechoic; hyperechoic Hyperechoic; hypoechoic
Hyperechoic; hyperechoic
A condition in which the fetus is not growing at a normal rate is which one of the following? Growth-adjusted sonar age Age-range analysis IUGR Microcephaly
IUGR
Which one of the following statements about the uterine tube is false? Ascites is helpful to outline the tube. The normal lumen uterine tube is not usually visualized. Detection is easier if fluid or pus is in the tube. If possible, the normal tube is best seen transabdominally.
If possible, the normal tube is best seen transabdominally.
Which one of the following muscle groups may be seen in the false pelvis along the lateral sidewall of the pelvis? Rectus abdominis Iliopsoas Psoas minor Obturator internus
Iliopsoas
Which one of the following statements about infertility is false? Infertility affects one in three couples in the United States. Infertility in 20% of patients is attributable to either the man or the woman or is unexplained. Infertility in 40% of patients is attributable to men. Infertility is the inability to conceive within 12 months with regular coitus.
Infertility affects one in three couples in the United States.
The funnel shaped , most lateral portion of the uterine tube is called______________. Ampulla Interstitial portion Isthmus Infundibulum
Infundibulum
The most potentially life-threatening ectopic gestation is which one of the following? Peritoneal Ovarian Interstitial Cervical
Interstitial
Which one of the following is the most common site for a leiomyoma to occur? Subserosal Intramural Pedunculated Submucosal
Intramural
Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM):______________________ Involves the myometrium. Involves the endometrium. Can be managed with dilation and curettage (D&C). Is always acquired.
Involves the myometrium.
Which one of the following statements describes the binocular distance (BD) or the Outer Orbital Diameter (OOD)? It includes both orbits at the same time. It is the length between the two orbits. It is the distance of an orbit. It is the depth of both orbits.
It includes both orbits at the same time
Which one of the following statements about a pseudogestational sac is false? It does not contain a yolk sac. It contains low-level internal echoes. It is eccentrically located within the endometrium.
It is eccentrically located within the endometrium.
An _______surge, accompanied by smaller ______ surge, triggers ovulation on about day 14. LH; FSH LH; GNRHs FSH; LH FSH: GnRHs
LH; FSH
The most common cause of uterine calcification is which one of the following? Endometritis Leiomyomas Arcuate artery calcification Adenomyosis
Leiomyomas
What are most common cause of uterine calcifications? Arcuate artery calcifications Pregnancy Adenomyosis Leiomyomas
Leiomyomas
Frontal bones of the cranium that collapse inward describes which one of the following abnormalities? Banana sign Lemon sign Mickey Mouse sign Acrocephaly
Lemon sign
To calculate the mean sac diameter of a gestational sac, which one of the following formulas should be used? (Length + width + height) ÷ 3 Length ´ width ´ height (Length ´ width ´ height) ÷ 3 Length + width + height
Length + width + height) ÷ 3
Which one of the following fetal body organs is most severely affected by IUGR? Brain Liver Kidney Heart
Liver
The umbilical artery should exhibit____________, in the second trimester? Absent Diastolic flow . Systolic flow and no diastolic. Acceleration time is decreased. Low resistive flow
Low resistive flow
Lack of progesterone production is known as which one of the following? Polycystic ovarian syndrome Follicular phase deficiency Luteal phase deficiency Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Luteal phase deficiency
Which is one of the growth problems seen in the fetus of a diabetic mother? Small for gestational age Macrosomia Microsomia Symmetric IUGR
Macrosomia
An increased incidence of morbidity and mortality as the result of head and shoulder injuries is found in which one of the following? Microsomic fetus Neural tube fetus Macrosomic fetus Fetus with radial dysplasia
Macrosomic fetus
Abnormally heavy and/or long menses, that occur at regular intervals is termed: Menometrorrhagia Dysmenorrhea Menorrhagia Metrorrhagia
Menorrhagia
Ovarian carcinoma is classified into four stages. Stage IV will include specifically which one of the following? Broad ligament involvement Metastatic Disease spread to the liver Pelvis involvement One ovary involvement
Metastatic Disease spread to the liver
Irregular, acyclic bleeding is defined as which one of the following? Menorrhagia Metrorrhea Dysmenorrhea Amenorrhea
Metrorrhea
Which one of the following terms refers to a multiple pregnancy within one chorionic sac? Monoembryonic Dichorionic Monochorionic Diamniotic
Monochorionic
Sexually transmitted PID is spread via which one of the following? Serosa of the pelvic organs Mucosa or inner lining of the pelvic organs Bloodstream Cervical crypts
Mucosa or inner lining of the pelvic organs
The most common cause of uterine calcification is which one of the following? Adenomyosis Endometritis Arcuate artery calcification Myomas
Myomas
Which one of the following indicates that the liver is on the right, the stomach is on the left, and the heart apex is on the left? Normal situs Situs inversus Dextrocardia Mesocardia
Normal situs
The variables contained in a first trimester screen include all EXCEPT Nuchal translucency Nuchal fold Triple screen PAPP-A level
Nuchal fold
Aneuploidy is abnormality of ______ Number of ventricles Number of fetuses Number of chromosomes Number of cells
Number of chromosomes
Which one of the following syndromes demonstrates enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, abdominal ascites, and even pleural effusion, in severe cases? Ovarian hyperstimulation Stein-Leventhal syndrome Fritz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Ovarian hyperstimulation
The partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis is defined as which one of the following? Ovarian tension Ovarian detachment Ovarian torsion Ovarian carcinoma
Ovarian torsion
Which one of the following pelvic organs is more commonly involved with metastatic disease? Uterine tubes Uterus Ovaries Bladder
Ovaries
Which one of the following is an infection within the uterine serosa and broad ligaments? Peri-ovarian inflammation Myometritis Endometritis Parametritis
Parametritis
Enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts and indistinct margins describe which one of the following conditions? Peri-ovarian inflammation Para-uterine inflammation Oophoritis Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Peri-ovarian inflammation
The thin outer layer of the uterus is called which of the following? Peripheral layer Metrometrium Perometrium Perimetrium
Perimetrium
Inflammation of the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera is which one of the following? Periangitis Peritonitis Retroperitonitis Omentitis
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera is which one of the following? Peritonitis Periangitis Retroperitonitis Omentitis
Peritonitis
Asymmetric IUGR is usually caused by which one of the following? Chromosomal abnormalities Maternal malnutrition Placental insufficiency Fetal alcohol syndrome
Placental insufficiency
Which one of the following endocrine disorders is associated with chronic anovulation? Endometriosis Theca-lutein cysts Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Sonographic criteria for a simple ovarian cyst include all of the following except: Smooth walls Acoustic enhancement Posterior shadowing Anechoic appearance
Posterior shadowing
The posterior cul-de-sac or rectouterine space is also know as: Pouch of Douglas Anderson Pouch Space of Retzius
Pouch of Douglas
The rectouterine space or posterior cul de sac is also know as: Morison's pouch Space of Retzius Pouch of Douglas Subphrenic space
Pouch of Douglas
What is the physiologic status of prepuberty? Premenarche Postmenarche Amenorrhea Menarche
Premenarche
In the luteal phase, the endometrial lining may be thinner than expected from an inadequate level of which of the following? Luteinizing hormone Progesterone Follicular-stimulating hormone Estrogen
Progesterone
Which one of the following hormones is secreted during the secretory phase, by the corpus luteum? Progesterone Estrogen Human chorionic gonadotropin Estradiol
Progesterone
After fertilization of the ovum, the corpus luteum begins to secrete which of the following hormones? Estrogen with some progesterone Progesterone with some estrogen Estrogen only Progesterone with some hCG
Progesterone with some estrogen
The endometrium demonstrates the "three-line" sign in which one of the following phases? Luteal Secretory Proliferative Menstrual
Proliferative
Levator ani muscles are :____________, _______________ and ________________. Pubococcygeus , iliococcygeus , rectalis Pubococcygeus , coccygeus , puborectalis Pubococcygeus , iliococcygeus , rectus abdominis Pubococcygeus , iliococcygeus , puborectalis
Pubococcygeus , iliococcygeus , puborectalis
A complex tubular adnexal mass with low level echoes most likely represents which one of the following? Hydrosalpinx Oophoritis Endometritis Pyosalpinx
Pyosalpinx
A complex tubular adnexal mass with low level echoes most likely represents which one of the following? Hydrosalpinx Pyosalpinx Endometritis Oophoritis
Pyosalpinx
All of the following are true regarding the benefits of estrogen except: Alleviates menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats, painful intercourse) Reduces risk of heart attacks, strokes Reduced risk of endometrial hyperplasia/cancer Reduces risk of osteoporosis, vertebral and hip fractures
Reduced risk of endometrial hyperplasia/cancer
