OB unit 4 study guide 1
If you wanted to be perceived as a fair person, take this piece of advice:
"Think before you speak. Be considerate of others."
Ramone feels that he was unfairly passed over for a promotion at his firm. How might he deal with the perceived inequity?
Increase his outcomes.
Alderfer's growth needs correspond to Maslow's
esteem needs.
Maslow's physiological needs may be satisfied by:
food
Positive reinforcement
increases the desired behavior.
Michele is being considered for a managerial position at Halliburton. She completes a TAT as part of an assessment center exercise for prospective managers. Facilitators will examine the results carefully for their manager choices knowing that
individuals high in need for achievement may find it difficult to delegate authority to subordinates.
Which of the following is NOT an outcome in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model?
organizational citizenship
Frederick Taylor's work led to a fundamental change in management philosophy. The change
paved the way for today's automation and standardization.
Which of the following factors do not determine empowerment?
pay
Which of the following is NOT a core job characteristic in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model?
pay
Job enlargement
refers to expanding the tasks performed by employees to add more variety.
Structural empowerment
refers to the aspects of the work environment that give employees discretion, autonomy and the ability to do jobs effectively.
Praising the employee occasionally when the person shows up on time is an example of __________________ of reinforcement.
variable ratio
Individuals with a high need for affiliation
want to be accepted by others.
Which of the following is true regarding the motivating potential of a job?
Even though a job is designed with the express purpose of motivating individuals, some employees may not find the job motivational.
Which of the following statements is INACCURATE about job rotation?
Rotation leads to slightly elevated blood pressure measured in employees using the process due to their movement between jobs.
Research on performance incentives suggest all of the following EXCEPT
employees report lower levels of pay satisfaction under pay-for-performance systems.
Which of the following statements is true?
A need for power can have an altruistic form.
Chloe and Francois are graphic designers at Highland Lithographics. Both have the same job description. Earlier this month, Chloe found out that Francois makes $12.50 an hour while she makes $11.00. What theory of motivation best explains why Chloe went to her boss to complain about the pay disparity?
Equity theory
Which of the following statements regarding performance incentives is NOT true?
When awarded stock options, employees tend to hold on to them rather than sell them.
Your paycheck could likely satisfy which of the following needs identified by Maslow?
all of the above.
When reinforcers follow all examples of positive behavior you are using a __________ ___________ of reinforcement.
continuous schedule
Scientific management's primary focus is
efficiency.
Job specialization can
minimize training costs.
Michael has two finals, accounting and organizational behavior, on the same day of finals week. Based on expectancy theory, which of the following statements suggest how he should allocate his limited study time?
Accounting is Michael's major, OB is a general business requirement in his academic program. Michael aspires to be a CPA, so he decides to focus his study time on Accounting.
Which of the following statements is true about empowerment?
Employees who are nervous about empowerment may also worry about the increased responsibility.
Which of the following statements regarding performance incentives is true?
Companies are increasingly choosing to implement team- or group-based pay-for-performance programs over individual-based pay-for-performance programs.
Which of the following statements is true about the manner in which managers can influence the perceptions of expectancy theory?
Conduct employee surveys periodically to ascertain what they consider to be rewards for performance and integrate that in some manner into the performance evaluation program.
Analyzing Trader Joe's success using Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation would suggest that
Contextual, content, and growth needs factors all help to contribute to Trader Joe's success.
How could a firm best satisfy an employee's safety needs?
Create a job security clause in the employment contract.
In comparing Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory to Alderfer's ERG theory
ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time.
Which of the following is a need based theory of motivation?
ERG theory.
Which of the following describes the elements of the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model?
Five core job characteristics lead to three psychological states which lead to five outcomes.
Which of the following statements about job enlargement is NOT true?
Job enlargement involving giving employees more tasks requiring them to be knowledgeable in different areas has fewer positive effects than job enlargement adding tasks that are very simple in nature.
Which of the following statements is true about job design approaches?
Job enrichment may lead to employee frustration or dissatisfaction with pay.
You work for your college's annual alumni fund. You have averaged 25 phone calls in a three-hour shift throughout your employment. Your supervisor now demands that you increase that number to 40 calls per three-hour shift. You feel that you do not have the skills or the time to make 40 calls; this is an unrealistic goal. According to expectancy theory, you are experiencing
Low equity
Which of the following need-based theories has received the greatest amount of support?
McClelland's acquired needs theory
___________ is an example of felt empowerment.
Meaningful work
Which of the following statements is NOT an effective approach to disciplining employees?
No two employees or incidents are the same, so no two employee should be disciplined the same way.
Which of the following is an advantage to job specialization?
Staffing costs are lower because the repetitive nature of tasks makes skill requirements lower.
One of the dimensions of structural empowerment is
access to information.
Job enrichment
allows workers more control over how they perform their own tasks.
Alderfer's theory of motivation does all of the following EXCEPT
assume needs are hierarchically-based
Maslow's social needs could be satisfied by
attending a department picnic after work.
To empower your employees,
change the company structure so employees have more power on the job.
To influence instrumentality, managers can
consistently reward high performers.
The local high school band needs to raise money to pay for a trip to New York City. It decides to sell sandwiches. Early Saturday morning, 20 volunteers report to the school cafeteria to make sandwiches. Stations are set up to make the 500 sandwiches ordered for that day. Station one has four individuals cutting sandwich buns, station two has four individuals placing the meats on the rolls, station three, etc. The individual who devised the sandwich-making production plan is operating under a
job specialization approach.
Maslow's theory of motivation suggests
employee needs are ordered.
All of the following are advantages of job rotation EXCEPT
employees become less marketable after rotating because their skill sets become very company-specific.
Olaf works on an assembly line in an Oslo factory. Last month the assembly line processes were overhauled. Olaf is still responsible for soldering electrical contacts on an appliance component, but now he is also expected to review each component for quality defects after he solders. If he notes any defects, he can place the component in the scrap bin. If he scraps five such pieces in succession, he is permitted to press an emergency button above his station, which stops the assembly line completely. This job re-design is a reflection of the _____ ______________ philosophy.
job enrichment
All of the following statements about job enrichment are true EXCEPT
job enrichment is a suitable technique to be used with any employee.
Maria works at a factory in Lima, Peru where she sews blue jeans for a major American firm. On Mondays, she sews the side seams of the jeans, on Tuesdays she sews on pockets, Wednesdays she presses finished jeans, Thursdays she folds jeans, packages sets of twelve in shrink wrap and places them in boxes, and on Friday she sews decorative stitching on the pockets and side seams. Maria is working under the job design technique of
job rotation.
Joaquin received the Chancellor's Award and an $8,000 scholarship for a research paper and formal presentation he created. He believes that he worked hard for the paper and the presentation. Joaquin would feel a sense of
high distributive justice.
Nejah is reading a report on employee justice perception. The article notes all of the following points EXCEPT
high levels of justice lead to support of unionization.
The simple premise of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is
human beings have needs that are hierarchically ranked.
The first step of an organizational behavior modification program is
identify behavior to be modified.
An example of extinction is
ignoring a coworker who is telling dirty jokes.
Negative reinforcement
increases the desired behavior.
Job rotation
involves moving employees from job to job at regular intervals.
A piece rate system
is a program where employees are paid on the basis of individual output produced.
Job specialization
is breaking down jobs into their simplest components and assigning them to employees so that each person will perform a few tasks in a repetitive manner.
Research on procedural justice suggests
it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage.
Employee autonomy has all of the following positive benefits but
it makes the employees more reactive in doing their jobs.
Which of the following factors has the most influence on worker motivation?
job design
Stuart works on an auto assembly line. Last year he was responsible for welding the upper panel of the wheel well onto the left rear wheel area. This year, he is responsible for welding all parts of the entire left rear wheel area. This auto assembly line underwent a job re-design using the ________ ________technique.
job enlargement.
Which of the following psychological states is the most important for employee attitudes and behaviors?
meaningfulness
All of the following are actions those who perceive inequity can undertake to "balance the scales" EXCEPT
produce higher quality work.
One way to satisfy self-actualization needs is to
pursue a master's degree through a company's tuition reimbursement program.
Maslow's theory of motivation is criticized because
research does not support the argument that satisfied needs no longer motivate behavior.
Steve Kerr's phenomenon, "the folly of rewarding A while hoping for B" is demonstrated by
rewarding a manager who orders the release of a shipment of manufactured parts full of defects to meet a deadline in spite of the company's highly advertised quality commitment.
Alderfer's existence needs correspond to Maslow's
safety needs.
Which of the following is a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory of motivation?
salary
The collaborative work environment at Trader Joe's satisfies which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
social
Task significance is
whether a person's job substantially affects other people's health, work or well-being.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation
suggests once basic needs are satisfied, higher order needs become motivators.
What job would be best suited for someone with a high need for affiliation?
teacher
In expectancy theory, valence is
the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome.
Autonomy is
the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks.
Task identity is
the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish.
Interactional justice is
the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness and dignity in interpersonal interactions.
Esteem needs are
the desire to feel important.
Skill variety is
the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high level skills.
All of the following are criticisms of Herzberg's theory of motivation EXCEPT
the theory suggests that improving the environment only goes so far in motivating employees.
Research on equity theory suggests
those who feel over-rewarded experience little distress over the situation.