OBGYN- Chapter 25: The Fetal Face and Neck
facial anomalies, when discovered, should prompt the sonographer to analyze the brain closely for sign of: a) Holoprosencephaly b) Dandy-Walker syndrome c) Schizencephaly d) Hydranencephaly
a) Holoprosencephaly
Epignathus
an oral teratoma
An abnormal division in the lip is referred to as: a) Micrognathia b) Cleft lip c) Anophthalmia d) Cebocephaly
b) Cleft lip
Fusion of the orbits is termed: a) Microglossia b) Cebocephaly c) Cyclopia d) Ethmocephaly
c) Cyclopia
Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with: a) Patau syndrome b) Hydranencephaly c) Down syndrome d) Cebocephaly
c) Down syndrome
Which of the following conditions does not affect the orbits? a) Cebocephaly b) Cyclopia c) Ethmocephaly d) Epignathus
d) Epignathus
All of the following are sonographic features of holoprosencephaly except: a) Cystic hygroma b) Proboscis with cyclopia c) Fused thalamus d) Monoventricle
a) Cystic hygroma
The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits is: a) Ethmocephaly b) Epihnathus c) Micrognathia d) Cebocephaly
a) Ethmocephaly
The isolated enlargement of the fetal thyroid is referred to as: a) Fetal goiter b) Cystic hygroma c) Lymphangioma d) Cervical teratoma
a) Fetal goiter
The fetal lip typically closes by: a) 18 weeks b) 8 weeks c) 13 weeks d) 6 weeks
b) 8 weeks
The measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the orbits is referred to as the: a) Interocular diameter b) Binocular diameter c) Ocular diameter d) Biparietal diameter
b) Binocular diameter
Which of the following is a benign congenital neck cysts found most often near the angle of the mandible? a) Epignathus b) Branchial cleft cyst c) Thyroglossal duct cyst d) Fetal goiter
b) Branchial cleft cyst
A large, mostly cystic mass containing a thick, midline septation is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. This most likely represents a(n): a) Sacrococcygeal teratoma b) Cystic hygroma c) Cephalocele d) Anopthalmia
b) Cystic hygroma
An increase distance between the orbits is referred to as: a) Hypotelorism b) Hypertelorism c) Anophthalmia d) Micrognathia
b) Hypertelorism
An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with: a) Dandy-Walker syndrome b) Trisomy 21 c) Trisomy 3 d) Nuchal cord
b) Trisomy 21
The most common cause of hypertelorism is: a) Dandy-Walker syndrome b) Anencephaly c) Anterior cephalocele d) Holoprosencephaly
c) Anterior cephalocele
Macroglossia is most commonly found with: a) Anencephaly b) Holoprosencephaly c) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome d) Cystic hygroma
c) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
The nuchal fold measurement us typically obtained: a) Before 12 weeks 6 days b) Between 11 weeks and 13 weeks 6 days c) Between 15 weeks and 21 weeks d) After 24 weeks
c) Between 15 weeks and 21 weeks
Which of the following would most likely involve the development of a cystic hygroma? a) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome b) Hydranencephaly c) Turner syndrome d) Klinefelter syndrome
c) Turner syndrome
A group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputations is: a) Cystic hygroma b) Edwards syndrome c) Ethmocephaly d) Amniotic band syndrome
d) Amniotic band syndrome
A cystic hygroma is the result of: a) Alcohol consumption in the first trimester b) An abnormal development of the roof of the fourth ventricle c) Occlusion of the internal carotid arteries d) An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue
d) An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue
The growth disorder syndrome synonymous with organ, skull, and tongue enlargement is: a) Klinefelter syndrome b) Apert syndrome c) Meckel-Gruber syndrome d) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
d) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Which of the following is also referred to as trisomy 21? a) Edwards syndrome b) Patau syndrome c) Meckel-Gruber syndrome d) Down syndrome
d) Down syndrome
A reduction in the distance between the orbits is referred to as: a) Anopthalmia b) Micrognathia c) Hypertelorism d) Hypotelorism
d) Hypotelorism
An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed: a) Epignathus b) Macronagthia c) Pharyngoglossia d) Macroglossia
d) Macroglassia
Which of the following may also be referred to as Turner syndrome? a) Down syndrome b) Trisomy 15 c) Trisomy 13 d) Monosomy X
d) Monosomy X
The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly is: a) Triploidy b) Trisomy 21 c) Trisomy 18 d) Trisomy 13
d) Trisomy 13
Hypertelorism
increased distance between the orbits; widely spaced orbits
Nuchal translucency
the anechoic space along the posterior aspect of the fetal neck
Interocular diameter
the length between the orbits; measured from the medial margin of one orbit to the medial margin of the other orbit
Ocular diameter
the measurement from the lateral margin of the orbit to the medial margin of the same orbit
At what level is the nuchal fold measurement obtained? a) Cavum septum pellucidum b) Occipital horns of the lateral ventricle c) Brain stem d) Foramen magna
a) Cavum septum pellucidum
Close-set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed: a) Cebocephaly b) Cyclopia c) Ethmocephaly d) Epignathus
a) Cebocephaly
Fetal hydrops
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in at least two fetal body cavities
An oral teratoma is referred to as: a) Macroglossia b) Epignathus c) Micrognathia d) Ethmocephaly
b) Epignathus
The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the: a) Axilla b) Neck c) Chest d) Groin
b) Neck
There is a definite link between microtia and what syndrome? a) Rays syndrome b) VACTERL syndrome c) Down syndrome d) Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
c) Down syndrome
Which of the following would be most difficult to detect sonographically? a) Cleft lip and cleft palate b) Isolated cleft lip c) Isolated cleft palate d) isolated median cleft
c) Isolated cleft palate
A small mandible is termed: a) Macroglossia b) Epignathus c) Micrognathia d) Ethmocephaly
c) Micrognathia
What is the term for a smaller than normal ear? a) Microphthalmia b) Micronatia c) Microtia d) Micrognathia
c) Microtia
The absence of the eyes is termed: a) Agyria b) Epignathus c) Hypotelorism d) Anopthalmia
d) Anopthalmia
Binocular diameter
measurement from the lateral margin of one orbit to the lateral margin of the other orbit
Ethmocephaly
a condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits; associated with holoprosencephaly
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
a growth disorder syndrome synonymous with enlargement of several organs, including the skull, tongue, and liver
An absent or hypoplastic nasal bone is most likely associated with: a) Trisomy 21 b) Trisomy 15 c) Trisomy 18 d) Turner syndrome
a) Trisomy 21
Which of the following is also referred to as Patau syndrome? a) Trisomy 18 b) Trisomy 21 c) Trisomy 12 d) Trisomy 13
d) Trisomy 13
Micrognathia is a condition found in: a) Dandy-Walker syndrome b) Hydranencephaly c) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome d) Trisomy 18
d) Trisomy 18
Aneuploidy
a condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes
The thickness of the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed: a) 3 mm b) 6 mm c) 10 mm d) 12 mm
b) 6 mm
The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is: a) Transverse b) Axial c) Sagittal d) Coronal
c) Sagittal
Turner syndrome
a chromosomal aberration where one sex chromosome is absent; may also be referred to as monosomy X
Nuchal fold
a collection of solid tissue on the posterior aspect of the fetal neck
Microtia
small ear(s)