OCE Chap 14

T/F: One adaptation for deep diving in marine mammals is an increase in heart rate during the dive

False

T/F: The odontoceti or toothed whales include the humpback, the gray, and the sperm whales

False

Plates of baleen resemble what common household object? a dish drying rack a kitchen utensil a vacuum a light bulb a broom

a broom

How does sonar work? A gravitational signal is bounced off the ocean floor. An electromagnetic signal is bounced off the ocean floor. An infrared signal is bounced off the ocean floor. A laser signal is bounced off the ocean floor. A sound signal is bounced off the ocean floor.

a sound signal is bounced off the ocean floor

What type of caudal fin is characteristic of fast-swimming fish that migrate long distance? truncate fins rounded fins heterocercal fins forked fins lunate fins

Lunate fins

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification: fur seal Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti Order Carnivora Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti Order Sirenia

Order Carnivora

T/F: Sharks have lunate caudal fins

false

T/F: Strategies for staying afloat in pelagic environments include a swim bladder, increased body fat, and increased body density

false

T/F: The migratory routes of many commercially important baleen whales are poorly known

false

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification: walrus Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti Order Carnivora Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti Order Sirenia

Order Carnivora

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification: killer whale Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti Order Carnivora Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti Order Sirenia

Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification: sperm whale Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti Order Carnivora Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti Order Sirenia

Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification: gray whale Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti Order Carnivora Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti Order Sirenia

Order Cetacea, Suborder mysticeti

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape: goatfish lunate caudal fin rounded caudal fin truncate caudal fin forked caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin

forked caudal fin

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape: herring lunate caudal fin rounded caudal fin truncate caudal fin forked caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin

forked caudal fin

Where do amphipods live? in bottom mud only in surface waters in shallow, rocky tidepools within the water column on kelp in the kelp forest

in bottom mud

Where do dolphins generate sounds for use in echolocation? in the mouth in the blowhole in the nose in the melon

in the blowhole

One of the prey items of baleen whales are krill. What are krill? a type of marine macro-algae a type of barnacle small shrimp-like organisms small fish a type of shellfish related to mussels

small shrimp-like organisms

What are krill? a type of shellfish related to mussels small shrimp-like organisms a type of barnacle small fish a type of marine macro-algae

small shrimp-like organisms

All of the following are baleen whales except: blue whales. right whales. sperm whales. fin whales. gray whales.

sperm whales

Which doesnt belong: A. copepods B. foraminiferans C. krill D. radiolarians E. squid.

squid

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape: blue marlin lunate caudal fin rounded caudal fin truncate caudal fin forked caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin

lunate caudal fin

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape: bluefin tuna lunate caudal fin rounded caudal fin truncate caudal fin forked caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin

lunate caudal fin

identify the adaptation that allows deep-sea fishes to capture prey without exerting much energy: counterillumination hinged jaws sensitive lateral lines expandable bodies long, sharp teeth

sensitive lateral lines

Of the following statements about schooling, which is/are true? (3) Schooling reduces the percentage of ocean volume in which a cruising predator might find one of their kind. Schools can move and appear as one large and dangerous fish, thus preventing a predator from attacking. More than half of all fish species are known to join schools during at least a portion of their lives. Schooling provides conservation of body heat and allows fish to be warmer, thus using less energy to keep warm. Schooling allows fish to learn avoidance techniques from each other through observation and socialization. Schools can gang up on larger predators and chase them away, thus avoiding an attack.

-schooling reduces the percentage of ocean volume in which a cruising predator might find one of their kind -Schools can move and appear as one large and dangerous fish, thus preventing a predator from attacking -More than half of all fish species are known to join schools during at least a portion of their lives

MA: Of the following characteristics, which is/are true of marine mammals of order Sirenia? (5) They have sparse hairs that are concentrated around the mouth but cover their bodies. They have a paddle-like tail and rounded front flippers. They are the only vegetarian marine mammals. They live in shallow water and move slowly, which can often endanger them to being run over by boats. Their ancestors were wolf-like creatures. Sirenians include manatees, which have nails on their front flippers.

All except their ancestors were wolf-like creatures

What is the main opposition of having harbor seals at Children's Pool in La Jolla? Harbor seals aggressively defend the beach area, thus endangering beachgoers. Harbor seals defecate in the water, producing high levels of bacteria in the water offshore. Children can easily see harbor seals mate during harbor seal breeding activities. Harbor seals are very noisy and create an unpleasant beach experience. Harbor seals have been known to roll onto sunbathers, thus causing people to be injured.

Harbor seals defecate in the water, producing high levels of bacteria in the water offshore.

A group of animals that "violates" the trophic pyramid by feeding on organisms two or three trophic levels below is the: Odontoceti or toothed whales sea otters polar bears pinnipeds Mysticeti or baleen whales

Mysticeti or baleen whales

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification: bottlenose dolphin Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti Order Carnivora Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti Order Sirenia

Oder Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Which of the following is not a member of the order carnivora? Polar bears Sperm whales Sea otters Sea lions Seals

Sperm whales

How do grey whales collect and eat such small organisms? They use cooperative behavior to corral prey into a group and then swallow their prey items whole. They emit high-pitched sounds that drive their prey items into tight masses. They use their countershading to sneak up on their prey items. They use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment. They use a technique called bubble-net feeding.

They use their baleen to filter prey items from their enviroment

T/F: Many cetaceans can extract almost 90% of the oxygen from each breath

True

T/F: Photophores are cells found in bioluminescent organisms that may contain bioluminescent bacteria and the pigment luciferin

True

T/F: We currently believe that all marine mammals evolved from land-dwelling mammals

True

Which doesn't belong: A. anal B. caudal C. dorsal D. pelvic E. ventral

Ventral

MA: Of the following statements about the characteristics of marine mammals, which is/are true? (5) Marine mammals evolved from land species. Marine mammals have hair (or fur) during at least some stage of their development. Marine mammals need to come ashore to give birth. Marine mammals bear live young. Marine mammals are warm-blooded. Marine mammals must surface to breathe air.

all EXCEPT: marine mammals need to come ashore to give birth

MA: Of the following groups of organisms, which is/are considered zooplankton?(4) Radiolarians Diatoms Copepods Krill Jellyfish

all except diatoms

MA: Of the following adaptations, which is/are used by various pelagic organism to keep them for sinking? (4) expansion and contraction of the overall body size to regulate buoyancy soft, gelatinous bodies with little if any hard tissue fatty organs that effectively increase buoyancy swim bladders that use gas to regulate buoyancy intricate ornamental body projections

all except expansion and contraction of the overall body size to regulate buoyancy

All of the following are adaptations to staying above the ocean floor EXCEPT: rigid gas containers. production of low-density fats or oils. ability to float. swim bladders. All the above

all of the above

Which set of fins is used as stabilizers? caudal and dorsal anal and caudal anal and dorsal pectoral and pelvic caudal and pelvic

anal and dorsal

Which of the following is an example of commensalism? sea lice attached to the skin of juvenile salmon a photosynthetic alga embedded in the body of a coral polyp gobies that host "cleaning stations" to remove the parasites and dead skin from other fishes a male deep-sea anglerfish attached permanently to the larger female anglerfish barnacles attached to the surface of a large migrating whale

barnacles attached to the surface of a large migrating whale

Which fin(s) is/are most commonly used for moving fast? pectoral and anal anal and dorsal caudal caudal and dorsal pelvic

caudal

Because the area has not yet been designated as a marine sanctuary, lifeguards are allowed to do what so that people can use the beach? broadcast wolf sounds to scare the harbor seals off the beach instruct people to light fireworks from the beach to scare the harbor seals off the beach chase the harbor seals off the beach install a protective fence along the beach shoot the harbor seals with a stun gun

chase the harbor seals off the beach

Microscopic, shrimplike animals that have a hard exoskeleton that can be either herbivorous, carnivorous, or parasitic are called: cnidarians. foraminifers. radiolarians. fishes. copepods.

copepods

What does sonar data tell us about the seafloor? depth, shape, and composition depth and temperature depth and shape composition and depth depth, temperature, and composition

depth, shape, and composition

Because of the scarcity of food in the deep-sea environment, many organisms rely on ______ as their principal source of food zooplankton detritus cephalopods multicellular algae krill

detritus

What is the harbor seal controversy at Children's Pool in La Jolla California about? Should harbor seals be allowed to claw and destroy the seawall at Children's Pool? Do harbor seals have the right to use the beach at Children's Pool? Should harbor seals be allowed to burrow into sand on the beach at Children's Pool? Do harbor seals and sea lions have the right to inhabit the waters offshore of Children's Pool? Should harbor seal mating activities been seen by children who occupy the beach at Children's Pool?

do harbor seals have the right to use the beach at Children's Pool?

How are echolocation and sonar different? Sonar and echolocation are two words for the same process. Sonar is used by dolphins and whales, whereas echolocation is a data collection tool developed by people. Echolocation is used by dolphins and whales, whereas sonar is a data collection tool developed by people. Echolocation is used by dolphins, whereas sonar is used by whales and is a data collection tool developed by people.

echolocation is used by dolphins and whales, whereas sonar is a data collection tool developed by people

Sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they: have external ears. cannot rotate their front flippers backward. use their rear flippers for swimming. have a short neck. cannot rotate their front flippers forward.

have external ears

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape: tiger shark lunate caudal fin rounded caudal fin truncate caudal fin forked caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin

heterocercal caudal fin

The caudal fin shape that is asymmetrical, with most of the mass in the upper lobe, is a: heterocercal fin. forked fin. rounded fin. lunate fin. truncate fin.

heterocercal fin

Fossil evidence indicates that modern whales have evolved from ancestors similar to the: plesiosaur water buffalo horse sea lion hippopotamus

hippopotamus

(Picture of sea otter) This marine animal: has thick fur with hollow fur shafts for insulation. is a small mammal with dense fur and lack an insulating blubber layer. is a tropical herbivore found in shallow coastal waters. has anterior flippers covered with hair that cannot be rotated backwards. has posterior flippers than can be moved forward.

is a small mammal with dense fur and lack an insulating blubber layer

Cruisers are though to have relatively high body temperature because: it helps them blend more easily with their environment. it increases the power output of muscle tissue. they only need to move periodically. they are cold blooded. it assists them in predator avoidance.

it increases the power output of muscle tissue

The cultural tradition and government ordered capture of pilot whales for food by Faroe Islanders in the North Atlantic is deemed: legal aboriginal subsistence whaling legal scientific whaling legal whaling by objection illegal by the International Whaling Commission a direct violation of the 1986 whaling moratorium

legal aboriginal subsistence whaling

the oxygen-storing compound in the red muscle tissue of fishes is called: myoglobin luciferin gamma globulin algin hemoglobin

myoglobin

The stinging cells used by cnidarians to capture prey are called: Macrocystis photophores nematocysts chromatophores blastocysts

nematocysts

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape: flounder lunate caudal fin rounded caudal fin truncate caudal fin forked caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin

rounded caudal fin

What evidence exists that harbor seals have always been in the area? The name "harbor seals" is used as a local nickname for La Jolla. Fossils of harbor seals found buried in the beach. Old photographs of the area showing harbor seals. The existence of a rock offshore known as Seal Rock. Ancient legends from native peoples who lived in the area.

the existence of a rock offshore known as Seal Rock

Individual fishes within schools maintain their spacing through visual contact and: electrical impulses the lateral line system echolocation response to physical contact audible signals and sensitive hearing

the lateral line system

What does a dolphin's melon do? The melon makes sound waves during emission. The melon focuses sound waves during emission. The melon focuses sound waves during reception. The melon interprets sound waves during reception.

the melon focuses sound waves during emission

What side of the baleen faces inside the mouth on a living whale? the smooth side the bottom side the more fibrous side the top side

the more fibrous side

How do gray whales collect and eat such small organisms? They use their countershading to sneak up on their prey items. They emit high-pitched sounds that drive their prey items into tight masses. They use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment. They use a technique called bubble-net feeding. They use cooperative behavior to corral them into a group and then swallow their prey items whole.

they use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment

Why was the seawall contructed in La Jolla? To divert sand to the beach behind the seawall so a recreational beach would develop there. To create a quiet beach behind the seawall that is free of large waves so that children can safely use the beach. To protect the coastal cliffs, which were eroding away much faster than normal. To make a boat anchorage where the yacht owners of La Jolla can easily reach their boats. To make a place for harbor seals and other animals to use for their birthing activities.

to create a quiet beach behind the seawalls that is free of large waves so that children can safely use the beach

The most sophisticated use of sound by marine mammals is found in the: baleen whales seals and sea lions toothed whales sea otters manatees and dugongs

toothed whales

T/F: Krill, cnidarians, and arrow worms are macroscopic zooplankton

true

T/F: Red muscle tissue is abundant in cruisers, while white muscle tissue is abundant in lungers

true

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape: gray angelfish lunate caudal fin rounded caudal fin truncate caudal fin forked caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin

truncate caudal fin

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape: salmon lunate caudal fin rounded caudal fin truncate caudal fin forked caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin

truncate caudal fin

An example of a "cruiser" is a: tuna. shark. grouper. flounder. mackerel.

tuna

Bioluminescence is employed by deep-sea animals for all the following reasons except: counterillumination. communication. attracting food. predator avoidance. warning coloration.

warning coloration

The muscle tissue of a "lunger" is predominantly: blue. red. gray. white. pink.

white