OCE Chapter 3

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Due to the very harsh environmental conditions, very few types of organisms are found in association with hydrothermal vents.

False

Ocean trenches are deep linear scars in the ocean floor caused by the divergence of plates along divergent plate boundaries.

False

Seamounts form from ancient tablemounts.

False

The continental shelf is generally defined as a steeply sloping zone extending from the shoreline to the shelf break.

False

The deepest portions of the ocean are part of the relatively narrow features called submarine canyons.

False

The three major provinces of the ocean floor are continental margins, deep-ocean basins, and submarine canyons.

False

Satellites measurements of the ocean surface can be used to make maps of the seafloor.

True

Sediments of the continental rise can exhibit characteristics similar to those formed by rivers on land.

True

Continental shelf

a flat, gently sloping zone extending from the beneath the ocean surface to the point at which a marked increase in slope occurs (shelf break)

continental shelf

a generally flat zone extending from the shore to the shelf break

multi-beam sonar

a method of mapping the topography of the ocean floor along a strip up to 60 km

Submarine canyon

a narrow, deep submarine valleys that are V-shaped in profile and have branches with steep to overhanging walls found on the continental shelf

Continental rise

a transition zone between the continental margin and the deep ocean floor composed of huge submerged pile of sediments

Extending from the base of the continental rises into the deep-ocean basins are flat depositional surfaces called:

abyssal plains.

ocean trench

deep linear scars on the deep-ocean floor caused by plate convergence

What are turbidity currents?

dense mixtures of sand, mud, and other debris that move at high speeds down submarine canyons

What process(es) is/are involved in the formation of continental shelves?

deposition by waves

Deep sea fan

deposits at the mouth of submarine canyons; create the continental rise when the merge along the base of the continental slope

Oceanic ridges and rises result from seafloor spreading along:

divergent plate boundaries.

abyssal plain

flat depositional surfaces that cover extensive portions of the deep-ocean basins

The direction of motion along a seafloor transform fault is:

in the same direction as the plates are spreading.

How often do turbidity currents occur?

infrequently

Continental slope

lies beyond the shelf break, with a steeper incline, extending out to the deep ocean basin

Segments of the oceanic ridge system that are gentler and less rugged in slope due to faster rates of seafloor spreading are called:

oceanic rises.

Along the margins of the Pacific are found most of Earth's:

oceanic trenches.

Most ocean floor features owe their origins to _________.

plate tectonic processes

Volcanic peaks on the deep-ocean floor with conical tops are called:

seamounts

Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris are:

turbidity currents.

precision-depth recorder (PDR)

uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth

Nearly all oceanic islands are __________.

volcanic in origin

Of the following statements about Earth's hypsographic curve which is true?

The hypsographic curve shows the percentage of Earth's surface area that is covered by ocean waters.

Black smokers are hydrothermal vents that discharge superheated water with high concentrations of metal sulfides.

True

Oceanic ridges are cut by a number of transform faults, which offset spreading zones.

True

The two relatively flat areas on the hypsographic curve represent:

some interior continental areas/coastal plains and abyssal plains on the ocean floor.

The method that used most frequently to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is:

sound waves (specifically seismic reflecting profiling).


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