Ocean 5

Foraminifiers contain

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

ooids form when __ goat sand grains in concentric layers

Carbonates

The element found in some sediments which suggest that a meteorite or asteroid impact occurred nearby is _________. (a) iridium (b) manganese (c) strontium (d) uranium (e) yttrium

Irridium

Radiolarians contain

Silica (SiO2)

phosphate modules are found on the

continental shelf

Sediments found on continental margins are called:

neritic

When Carbonates coat sand grains or shell fragments in concentric layers they form

oolites

organisms that live on the ocean floor may be responsible for keeping manganese nodules from being buried in the

sediment

large calcium carbonate structures produced by cyanobacteria; paticurally between 1-3 billion years ago are called

stromatolites

what refers to size and shape of sediment particles

texture

a beach sand is usually

well-sorted

The major force bringing continental sediments to the open ocean is (are)

wind

Calcareous shells will not accumulate on the ocean floor when the water depth exceeds about 4500 meters (around 15,000 feet). (a) True (b) False

True

Sediments which are poorly sorted and made of a variety of minerals could have been deposited by __________. (a) a glacier (b) a river delta (c) turbidity currents (d) a volcanic eruption (e) the wind

a glacier

The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the:

abyssal plain far from a continent

degree of preservation, dilution, input from other sediment types, rate of deposition are important controls on oceanic sediment

accumulation

most sediments delivered to the ocean by rivers today come from

asia

Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called: 1

biogenous 1

calcareous ooze is an example of 3

biogenous sediment 3

Coccolithophores, diatoms, foraminifers, and radiolarians may be in 7

biogenous sediments 7

calcium-carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with lots of

carbon dioxide and cold temps

Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called:

cosmogenous

In contrast to manganese nodules which form on the abyssal plain, phosphate-rich nodules form in _________. (a) continental shelf waters (b) estuaries (c) hydrothermal vent areas (d) intermediate to shallow depth water (e) mid-ocean ridge

d. intermediate to shallow depth water

radiolarian ooze forms near the

equator

a very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is by

fecal pellets

Sediments produced as a result of chemical reactions in seawater are called 2

hydrogenous 2

sediment evaporites, halites, manganese nodules, phosphates are 6

hydrogenous sediment 6

Manganese nodules are an example of: 4

hydrogenous sediments 4

minerals that crystallize directly from sea water are an example of 5

hydrogenous sediments 5

High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following?

large particles such as gravel

A pelagic clay contains lots of material that settle to the seafloor through the water column and are _________. (a) less than 30% biogenous material (b) more than 30% biogenous material (c) more than 30% hydrogenous material (d) less than 30% neritic material (e) more than 30% neritic material

less than 30% biogenous material.

beach sand, glacial deposits, illite clays, volcanogenic particles are

lithogenous

Sediments derived from pre-existing rocks or continental material are called:

lithogenous or terrigenous