Ocean Final Practice
As the salinity of seawater increases, its:
density increases
GLORIA
device used for side-scan sonar
Surface ocean circulation is driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________.
wind; the Coriolis effect and land
continental shelf
B
Seamounts form from ancient tablemounts.
False
The density of seawater is slightly lower than the density pure water.
False
The horizontal distance between two successive troughs is called the wave height.
False
Water waves are:
orbital waves
crust
outermost portion of the Earth, basalt and granite,
The time between two successive waves is called the:
period
area of rapid change in density with slight change in depth
pycnocline
Equatorial currents are driven by the:
trade winds
Water is a polar molecule.
true
The crest is the portion of the wave corresponding to the number:
2
The trough of the wave corresponds to the number:
5
trench
H
The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is the definition of:
calorie
Earth's primordial atmosphere most likely included:
carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, and methane.
bonds that involve the sharing of electrons between atoms
covalent bonds
hypsometric curve
cumulative plot of area versus depth or elevation
Passive continental margins are characterized by all of the following except:
deep-sea trenches
Rogue waves are generated by destructive interference patterns of ocean swells.
false
The Gulf Stream moves water away from the equator; the Benguela Current moves some of this same water back toward the equator.
false
The salinity of the oceans has been steadily increasing.
false
bathometry
measurement of ocean depth and seafloor topography,
galaxy layer and solid inner layer
milky way
The unit of measurement used to describe the rate at which a volume of ocean water moves in a current is a(n):
sverdrup
A tsunami may result from:
tectonic activity on the seafloor.
Strong upwelling occurs in all of the following except:
where deep ocean water currents are formed.
The portion of the wave that is also known as the zero energy level is indicated by the number:
1
The wavelength is labeled with the number:
1
A deep-water wave occurs when the water depth is equal to at least:
1/2 of the wavelength
The average salinity of typical seawater is:
3.5%
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. Agulhas Current B. Benguela Current C. California Current D. Canary Current E. West Australian Current
A
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. California Current B. Canary Current C. Gulf Stream D. North Atlantic Current E. North Equatorial Current
A
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. Gulf of Alaska B. Indian C. North Atlantic D. South Atlantic E. South Pacific
A
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. calcium carbonate B. carbon dioxide C. chlorophyll D. oxygen E. water
A
Westward intensification causes:
All of the above statements are the result of westward intensification.
Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current?
All of the above statements are true of western boundary currents.
The four principle oceans of the Earth are the:
Atlantic, Arctic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. abyssal plain B. continental flood basalt C. continental rise D. continental shelf E. continental slope
B
Which of the following is a western boundary current?
Brazil Current
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. abyssal hill B. guyot C. ridge crest D. sea knoll E. tablemount
C
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. Baltic B. Black C. Caspian D. Indian E. Mediterranean
D
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. autotrophic B. chemosynthesizers C. cyanobacteria D. heterotrophs E. sulfur bacteria
D
continental rise
D
Identify the mismatched pair. a. Brazil Current , Benguela Current Incorrect b. Kuroshio Current, California Current c. Agulhas Current, West Australia Current d. Labrador Current, Humboldt Current e. Canary Current, Gulf Stream
D. Labrador Current, Humboldt Current
Abyssal plain
E
Compared to a western boundary current, which of the following statements is true for an eastern boundary current?
Eastern boundary currents are broad and slow.
Ocean ridge
F
A wave will break when wave steepness is equal to 1/20.
False
Hydrothermal vents are seafloor cold seeps with high concentrations of sulfur and salts.
False
The West Wind Drift occurs at 60ºN around the Arctic Circle.
False
The overall electrical charge of most atoms is balanced because each atom contains an equal number of protons and neutrons.
False
Trenches change their position over time.
False
Which of the following is not an eastern boundary current?
Gulf Stream
A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0oC. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?
It remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise.
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the unique chemical and physical properties of water.
True
Oceans with passive plate margins have continental slopes with more gradual slopes than oceans with active plate margins.
True
The density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature.
True
Tsunamis can be generated by geological activity that causes a sudden change in sea floor elevation such as submarine fault motion.
True
Water molecules exhibit strong cohesion.
True
Wind speed, duration, and fetch are the three conditions necessary to produce a fully developed sea.
True
Radioactive isotopes can sometimes be used to determine the:
absolute age of the rock.
The nebular hypothesis suggests that:
all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud.
One distinction between an "ocean" and a "sea" is that a sea:
all of the above are correct
basic building blocks of all matter
atoms
Oceanic crust is primarily:
basalt
Characteristics of active continental margins include all of the following except:
broad continental shelf
The first wave that forms when the wind begins to blow across the ocean surface is a:
capillary wave.
Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a:
change in state
When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the center of the North Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called a:
cold core ring
canary current
cold current, northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes
california current
cold current, northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes,
west wind drift
cold current, polar latitudes, southern hemisphere
benguela current
cold current, southern hemisphere, temperate latitudes,
core
composed of iron and nickel, liquid outer
change in state from gas to liquid
condensation
granite
continental crust
Which of the following statements regarding continental and oceanic crust is TRUE?
continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust
lithosphere
crust and upper mantle
River imput
decreases seawater salinity
precipitation
decreases seawater salinity
Old lithosphere is destroyed in association with:
deep-sea trenches
Thermohaline circulation is driven by:
density
The separation of the Earth into layers was the result of the:
differing densities of the rock and mineral materials.
geostrophic flow
driven by gravity and modified by the Coriolis force
negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit an atomic nucleus
electrons
Submarine canyons were most likely formed by:
erosion by turbidity currents
All of the following processes decrease seawater salinity except:
evaporation
All of the following processes decrease the salinity of water except:
evaporation
change in state from liquid to gas
evaporation
An eastern boundary current is narrow and swift.
false
Anaerobic organisms require oxygen to survive.
false
Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic.
false
Due to the very harsh environment, few organisms are found in association with hydrothermal vents.
false
Earth developed the first ocean by about 4 million years ago.
false
Greater temperature fluctuations are seen in coastal areas due to the marine effect.
false
Heterotrophic organisms can make their own food from inorganic carbon sources.
false
Heterotrophic organisms manufacture their own food using sunlight energy.
false
Mid-ocean ridges are rises that occupy a small portion of the deep ocean basin, only around 10%.
false
Oceanic crust is less dense than continental crust because it is made of silica and manganese.
false
The deepest portions of the ocean are part of the relatively narrow features called submarine canyons.
false
The mantle could not have produced enough water to fill the oceans.
false
The most dense ocean water is North Atlantic Deep Water.
false
The vertical distance between the wave trough and the wave crest is the wavelength.
false
Thermohaline circulation is wind-driven.
false
Water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension.
false
The height of a wave depends upon:
fetch, wind duration, and wind speed.
All of the following are considered part of the continental margin except the:
fracture zone
The correct arrangement of astronomical bodies from oldest to youngest is:
galaxy, solar system, planet
nebula
gaseous and dusty space cloud,
area of rapid change in salinity with slight change in depth
halocline
In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is:
higher than other liquids
bonds that hold adjacent water molecules together
hydrogen bonds
The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is known as the:
hydrologic cycle
The location where water flows uninterrupted between the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Indian Oceans is:
in the Southern Ocean
As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, its wave height:
increases and its wavelength decreases
evaporation
increases seawater salinity
high temperature
increases seawater salinity
sea ice formation
increases seawater salinity
charged atoms due to the gain or loss of one or more electrons
ions
The surface tension of water:
is relatively high
mesosphere
lower portion of the mantle
New lithosphere is produced in association with:
mid-ocean ridges
ocean waves
movement of air across the air-water interface
atmospheric waves
movement of different air masses along an air-air interface
internal wave
movement of water of different densities along a water
gulf stream
northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes, warm current
kuroshio current
northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes, warm current,
basalt
oceanic crust
asthenosphere
plastic portion of mantle
Waves that are breaking along the shore and are forming a curling crest over an air pocket are called:
plunging breakers
An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is the:
pycnocline
upwelling
replacement water coming from the bottom to the top of the water column
downwelling
replacement water coming from the top to the bottom of the water column
mantle
rich in ferromagnesian minerals, between crust and core
A tsunami is considered to be a:
shallow water wave
The correct order of marine provinces from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is:
shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain
Constructive interference results in larger waves whereas destructive interference produces:
smaller waves
If a surfer wishes to have a really long ride, what type of wave should he or she look for?
spilling breakers
ratio of wave height to wavelength at which waves break
steepness = 1:7
change in state from solid to gas
sublimation
Waves that are moving faster than local wind and are sorted out by wavelength are called:
swell
All of the following are TRUE concerning the deepest part of the ocean except:
the depth of the trench is estimated at 12,500 meters
The fetch refers to:
the distance over which the wind blows without interruption.
disturbing force
the energy that causes ocean waves to form
Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:
the polarity of water molecules
The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:
the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change.
A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the:
thermocline
In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is:
to the left of the wind direction.
ekman transport
transport of water to the left or right of the wind direction
A curling wave formed over an air pocket is called a plunging breaker.
true
A sediment-laden current that flows off of the continental shelf is called a turbidity current.
true
Abyssal plains are more extensive on the floor of the Atlantic as compared to those on the floor of the Pacific.
true
As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly alkaline.
true
Black smokers are hydrothermal vents that discharge superheated water with high concentrations of metal sulfides.
true
Carbon dating is used to determine the absolute age of a rock or fossil.
true
Deep ocean water masses have characteristic temperatures and salinities.
true
Deep-water waves move faster than shallow water waves because they are not slowed by friction with the ocean bottom.
true
Downwelling may be the result of winds blowing parallel to a coastline.
true
Evaporation causes cooling in the liquid left behind.
true
Except for the water itself, the chloride ion is the most abundant constituent in seawater.
true
Hydrothermal vents have a significant impact on ocean chemistry.
true
In general, the chemical composition of ocean water has remained constant through geologic time.
true
In the northern hemisphere, Ekman transport pushes surface water to the right of the wind direction.
true
Radiometric age dating is used to determine the age of most rock layers.
true
Sediments of the continental rise can exhibit characteristics similar to those formed by rivers on land.
true
Subduction zones appear to remain nearly stationary over long periods of time.
true
The Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago.
true
The Pacific Ring of Fire is the seismically active area at the margins of the Pacific plate where earthquakes and volcanoes are common.
true
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) was established in 1946 to coordinate data from seismic waves in the Pacific Ocean and around the Pacific rim to issue tsunami warnings to 25 Pacific rim nations when data suggest a tsunami is imminent.
true
The area where wind-driven waves are generated is called the sea or sea area.
true
The broadest continental shelves occur in the Arctic Ocean.
true
The circular pattern of surface water currents is called a gyre.
true
The heat capacity of liquid water is 1 calorie per gram per degree C.
true
The largest current by volume in the oceans is the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.
true
The latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting.
true
The orbital motion of water molecules in a wave goes down to a depth equal to the wavelength divided by two.
true
Water is the only naturally occurring substance on Earth that readily exists in all three states of matter simultaneously (ice, water, and water vapor).
true
Waves at the ocean surface are called orbital or interface waves.
true
When the Earth cooled, the layers of the earth separated based on density differences.
true
Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris are:
turbidity currents
Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through:
upwelling
seismic survey
used to determine shape and position of Boundaries
PDR
uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth
The scientific method includes all of the following except:
validation of theory
diameter of orbital wave at the surface
wave height
The ratio of wave height to wavelength is called the:
wave steepness
Wave speed is equal to:
wavelength divided by period.
The circular motion of water molecules extends to a depth that is equal to:
wavelength/2
deepest water depth of the circular motion of water molecules
wavelength/2
minimum depth for generation of deep-water waves
wavelength/2
deep-water wave speed (S)
wavelength/period
orbital waves
waves at the ocean surface involving longitudinal and transverse waves
The Ekman spiral is driven by:
wind
Most ocean waves form as a result of:
winds blowing across the ocean surface.
