Oceanography 1
C
The most gradual change in slope in the ocean can be found at the: A) deep ocean trench B) continental rise C) abyssal plain D) continental shelf E) mid-ocean ridge
B
The most rapid change in slope in the ocean is found at the: A) continental slope B) oceanic trench C) submarine canyon D) abyssal plain E) volcanic seamount
E
The most rapid change in slope in the ocean is found at the: A) volcanic seamount B) continental slope C) abyssal plain D) oceanic trench E) submarine canyon
E
The movement of a substance in solution from an area of higher concentration to an are of lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane is: A) osmosis B) diffusion C) passive transport D) Brownian movement E) active transport
B
The nebular hypothesis suggests that: A)galaxies such as the Milky Way form independent of one another. B) all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud C) the moon is derived from a protoplanet D) the Earth was formed by a cosmic explosion, a "big bang" E) Earth's moon is an asteroid captured by the Earth's gravity
T
The neritic Provence is associated with the content all shelf
D
The phase in which water exists is determined by: A) density and pressure B) density and salinity C) pressure and salinity D) temperature and salinity E) temperature and pressure
A
The photic zone is confined to the: A) mesopelagic zone B) abyss operatic zone C) bathypelagic zone D) epipelagic zone E) neritic province
D
The principle of construct proportion states that: A) ocean salinity varies with geographical location B) the relative concentration of sea water ions does not change C) ocean salinity varies as a function of season D) the percentage of sodium varies with ocean depth E) the percentage of chloride varies with geographical location
False
The salinity of the oceans has been steadily increasing.
T
The science of classification is termed taxonomy
A
The scientific method includes all of the following except: A) validation of theory B) data collection C) evaluation of data D) hypothesis testing E) hypothesis formation
E
The seasonal temperature range in the deep ocean is usually: A) between 0 degrees and 15 degrees Celsius B) between 8 degrees and 25 degrees Celsius C) between 2 degrees and 8 degrees Celsius D) between -2 degrees and 32 degrees Celsius E) negligible
E
The separation of the Earth into layers was the result of the: A) decrease in the temperature downward toward the core. B) presence of water at Earth's surface C) gravitational forces created by the rotating Earth D) initial collection of materials and their position in Earth E) differing densities of the rock and mineral materials
C
The sub littoral (subtidal) zone is the area: A) above the highest tide B) between the highest high tide and the lowest low tide C) beyond the continental shelf D) where Demerol and pelagic organisms are found E) below the intertidal zone on the continental shelf
D
The surface tension of water: A) is related to salinity B) is relatively low C) is very similar to similar liquids D) is relatively high E) increases as density decreases
B
The transfer of water from the atmosphere to the ocean to the continent is know as the: A) geological cycle B) hydro biological cycle C) metro logical cycle D) hydrologic cycle E) closed cycle
A
The two relatively flat areas on the hypersometric curve represent: A) some interior continental areas/coastal plains and abyssal plains B)continental mountains and mid-ocean ridges C) some interior continental areas/coastal plains and mid-ocean ridges D) continental mountains and abyssal plains E) continental slopes and deep-sea trenches
D
The two relatively flat areas on the hypersonic curve represent: A) some interior continental areas/coastal plains and mid-ocean ridges B) continental mountains and abyssal plains C) continental slopes and deep-sea trenches D) some interior continental areas/coastal plains and abyssal plains E) continental mountains and mid-ocean ridges
T
The voyage of the HMS Challenger was the first systematic sampling of biological specimens and chemical and physical properties of the ocean
C
When water evaporate form the ocean surface: A) sea surface salinity decreases B) the remaining water is cooled C) energy is transferred from the atmosphere to the remaining liquid D) sea surface temperature increases E) the remaining water is warmed
A
Which marine environment exhibits the greatest species diversity? A) epipelagic zone B) neritic province C) littoral zone D) bathypelagic zone E) hadal zone
C
Which of the following associations is incorrect? A) Kingdom Animalia - Dolphins B) Kingdom fungi - mushrooms C) Kingdom plantae - macro algae D) Kingdom Protista - phytoplankton E) kingdom monera - bacteria in hydrothermal vents
D
Which of the following statements concerning bacteria are not true: A) bacteria reproduce asexually only B) bacteria lack membrane bound organelles and a distinct nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane C) bacteria can be found living in extreme environments D) bacteria have cell membrane and a cell wall E) bacteria were the first types of cells to evolve on earth
C
Which of the following statements regarding continental and oceanic crust is TRUE A) Continental crust is thinner and denser than oceanic crust B) Continental crust is thinner and less dense than oceanic crust C) Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust D) Continental crust is thicker and denser than oceanic crust E) Continental crust and oceanic crust have equivalent densities
D
Which of the following statements regarding pH is not true A) buffers prevent large charges in the pH of a solution B) a pH of 3.0 is acidic and a pH of 10 is alkaline C) pH relates to the relative acid based ion in a solution D) pH will increase in areas of rapid plant or algal growth E) as a whole the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic
D
Rapid change in ocean temperature with change in depth is the: A) halocline B) barocline C) thermocline D) isocline E) psycnocline
A
The instrument that emits a high-frequency sound beam to measure the depth of the ocean developed in the 1950's is the: A) PDR B) Seabeam C) SeaMARC D) GLORIA E) SeaWif
A
The instrument that emits a high-frequency sound beam to measure the depth of the ocean developed in the 1950's is the: A) Seabeam B) GLORIA C) SeaWif D) PDR E) SeaMARC
C
The ion in sea water that serves a buffer is: A) Ca+2 B) CO2 C) HCO3- D) Cl- E) Na+
D
The amount of energy that is necessary to rise the temperature of 1 gram of water by one degree is called the: A) boiling point elevation B) latent heat of evaporation C) thermal capacity D) calorie E) latent heat of condensation
C
The average salinity of sea water is: A) 25% B) 0.35% C) 2.0% D) 10% E) 3.5%
E
All of the following are considered part of the continental margin except the: A) continental shelf B0 continental rise C) continental slope D) submarine canyon E) fracture zone
A
All of the following are feature associated with active plate margins except: A) black smoker B) Rift Valley C) volcanic arc D) trench E) continental rise
D
All of the following are features associated with active plate margins except: A) volcanic arc B) continental rise C) trench D) black smoker E) Rift Valley
E
All of the following processes decrease sea water salinity except A) river run off B) precipitation C) sea ice melting D) iceberg melting E) evaporation
B
An example of an organism that might be part of the ep infauna is a(n): A) bull keep B) shark C) sea star D) tuna E) feather duster worm
B
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern A) global position satellite (GPS) B) GLORIA C) precision depth recorder (PDR) D) SeaBeam E) SeaMARC
D
The majority of marine invertebrates are: A) estuarine B) hypertonic with respect to their environment C) found only in benthic environments D) adapted to life in the pelagic zone E) Isotonic with respect to their environment
T
The majority of marine species are pelagic
True
The mantle could not have produced enough water to fill the oceans.
A
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern A) global positioning satellite (GPS) B) GLORIA C) precision depth recorder PDR D) SeaBeam E) SeaMarc
A
The method that is most frequently used to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is: A) direct observation B) drilling C) light waves D) sound waves E) satellite observation
B
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern A) metal sulfide deposits B) pillow basalts C) Rift Valley D) seamounts E) trenches
D
The method that is most frequently used to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is: A) drilling B) sound waves C) light waves D) satellite observation E) direct observation
B
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern A) metal sulfide deposits B) pillow basalts C) first valley D) seamounts E) trenches
E
The most gradual change in slope in the ocean can be found at the: A) continental shelf B) mid-ocean ridge C) deep ocean trench D) continental rise E) abyssal plain
D
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Baltic B) Black C) Caspian D) Indian E)Mediterranean
A
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Cook B) Cosmas C)Darwin D) Herodotus E) Mercator
B
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Devonian B) Jurassic C) Ordovician D) Permian E) Silurian
B
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Erastosthenes B)Herodotus C) Ptolemy D) Pytheas E) Strabo
F
Processes that decrease water salinity include evaporation and sea ice formation
False
Production of the first free oxygen in the atmosphere caused organisms living at that time to flourish.
E
224 with respect to their marine environment, these organisms can be referred to as: A) plankton B) predators C) hertoterotrophs D) benthos E) nekton
A
A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure water at 0 degrees C. What happens to the temperature of the mixture if heat is added: A) it rises slowly until it reaches 32 degrees C then it remains constant as the ice melts B) the temperature pattern cannot be predicted C) it remains constant until the ice melts then it begins to rise D) it rises rapidly as the ice melts E) it immediately begins to ruse slowly
A
A common body shape that streamlines an organism in the marine environment is a flattened body that: A) tapers a the posterior end B) tapers and the dorsal surface C) tapers at the ventral surface D) has a wide, blunt end E) tapers at the anterior end
T
A euryhaline organism would be poorly adapted to living in coastal environments
C
A rapid in ocean density with change in depth is the : A) isocline B) psycnocline C) thermocline D) halocline E) barocline
T
A sediment-laden current that flows off of the continental shelf is called a turbidity current
E
A small size is advantageous for marine organisms because it: A) increases the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism B) increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn decreases density C) increases the ability to absorb nutrients D) all of the above statements are advantageous to marine organisms E) none of the above statements are advantageous to marine organisms
E
Abyssal hills are only visible in the Pacific Ocean because: A) sediment has covered those found in the other ocean basins B) there are none in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean basins C) they have been destroyed in active plate margins D) turbidity currents have eroded abyssal hills in the other ocean basins E) they are higher in the Pacific than in the other ocean basins
B
Abyssal hills are only visible in the Pacific Ocean because: A) turbidity currents have eroded abyssal hills in the other ocean basins B) sediment has covered those found in the other ocean basins C) they a re higher in the Pacific that in the other ocean basins D) they have been destroyed in active plate margins E) there are none in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean basin
T
Abyssal plains are more extensive on the floor of the Atlantic as compared to those on the floor of the Pacific
E
All of the following are TRUE concerning the deepest part of the ocean except: A) the deepest part of the ocean is located in a trench off the coast of Japan B) the trench is called the Mariana Trench C) the depth of the trench exceeds the height of Mount Everest D) the depth of the trench is estimated at 12,500 meters E) the bottom of the trench was visited by Picard and Walsh in the Trieste in 1960.
B
All of the following are adaptive solutions employed by marine organisms to prevent sinking: A) increasing drag in the water B) decreasing density C) increasing the surface are to volume ration D) building a flotation mechanism such as a gas bladder
E
All of the following are considered part of the continental margin except the: A) continental shelf B) continental slope C) continental rise D) submarine canyon E) fracture zone
A
An organism that tolerates a wide range of salinities is referred to as: A) euryhaline B) isotonic C) hypotonic D) stench alien E) hypertonic
False
Anaerobic organisms require oxygen to survive.
F
Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.2 is acidic
T
As a whole the pH of the ocean is slightly alkaline
A
As the salinity of sea water increases its: A) density decreases B) residence time does not change C) residence time increases D) residence decreases E) heat capacity decreases
T
Black smokers are hydrothermal vents that discharge superheated water with high concentrations of metal sulfides
True
Carbon dating is used to determine the absolute age of a rock or fossil.
D
Characteristics of active continental margins include all of the following except: A) broad continental shelf B) chains of islands C)Volcanic and earthquake activity D) thin sediment accumulation E) deep-sea trenches
A
Characteristics of active continental margins include all of the following except: A) volcanic and earthquake activity B) chains of islands C) thin sediment accumulations D) deep-sea trenches E) broad continental shelf
False
Christopher Columbus established trade routes from Europe around Africa to India
E
Coastal waters that are highly productive tend to be: A) brown in color B) colorless C) deep blue in color D) light blue in color E) green in color
T
Cold, high viscosity water benefits floating organisms
C
Compared to freshwater fishes, marine fishes: A) drink seawater and produce a large volume of urine B) tend to lose water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is lower than that of seawater C) produce a large volume of dilute urine in an effort to rid their bodies of excess water D) tend to gain water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is higher than that of seawater E) do not drink seawater in an effort to conserve as much water as possible
B
Continental rises are formed: A) by many deep sea fans B) as a result of the slow accumulation of sediments from the water column C) in association with hydrothermal vents D) on the flank of a mid-ocean ridge E) next to submarine canyons
B
Continental rises are formed: A) nest to submarine canyons B) as a result of the slow accumulation of sediments from the water column C) on the flank of a mid-ocean ridge D) by many deep sea fans E) in association with hydrothermal vents
B
Covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule as the result of the: A) polarity of water molecules B) sharing of electrons between atoms C) viscosity of water D) surface tension of water E) transfer of electrons between atoms
B
Directly seaward of the continental shelf is a m ore steeply sloping region called the: A) trench B) continental rise C) abyssal plain D) continental slope E) mid-ocean ridge
B
Directly seaward of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloping region called the: A) trench B) abyssal plain C) continental rise D) continental slope E) mid-ocean ridge
F
Due to the very harsh environment, few organisms are found in association with hydrothermal vents
False
Early Polynesians only traveled within sight of land.
True
Earth developed the first ocean by about 4 million years ago.
A
Earth's primordial atmosphere most likely included: A) nitrogen, ozone, and sulfur dioxide B) carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, and methane C) ammonia, carbon, dioxide, and water vapor D) hydrogen, helium and oxygen E) all of the above
T
Epifauna live deep within benthic sediments
D
Euryhaline organisms: A) tolerate small temperature changes B) are less common than stench alien organisms C) can survive wide salinity fluctuations D) require less oxygen for survival E) tolerate a narrow range of salinities
F
Evaporation causes cooling in the residual liquid
B
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern A) Abyssal plain B) continental flood basalt C) content all rise D) content all shelf E) content all slope
D
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern A) Black smoker B) deep focus earthquake C) hydrothermal vent D) Rift Valley E) white smoker
D
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern A) abyssal hill B) guyot C) ridge crest D) sea knoll E) tablemount
B
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern A) abyssal plain B) continental flood basalt C) continental rise D) continental shelf E) continental slope
D
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern A) black smoker B) deep focus earthquake C) hydrothermal vent D) Rift Valley E) white smoker
E
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) autotrophic B) chemosynthesizers C) Cyanobacteria D) heterotrophs E) sulfur bacteria
C
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) calcium carbonate B) carbon dioxide C) chlorophyll D) oxygen E) water
A
Fish first appeared: A) during the Ordovician Period of the Paleozoic Era B) when land plants evolved during the Carboniferous Period C) when amphibians dominated the oceans D) after the "Age of the Dinosaurs" during the Mesozoic Era E) in the Cretaceous Period of the Mesozoic era
A
Free oxygen in our atmosphere is important to the development and maintenance of life on Earth because oxygen: A) can form ozone and block some UV radiation B) reduces atmospheric temperature C) is necessary for photosynthesis to occur D) combines with iron in volcanic rocks E) was very abundant in our early atmosphere
False
Free oxygen was present in the Earth's primordial atmosphere.
T
Greater temperature fluctuations are seen in coastal areas due to the marine effect
T
Halite, sodium chloride is the most abundant in salt water
F
Heat capacity of liquid water is one calorie per degree C
True
Heterotrophic organisms can make their own old from inorganic carbon sources.
True
Heterotrophic organisms manufacture their own food using sunlight energy.
True
Radio metric age dating is used to determine the age of most rock layers.
A
High latitude ocean water tend to support large planktonic communities because: A) there are abundant nutrients B) longer summer day length C) fewer predators that feed on plankton D) there is abundant light E) of higher dissolved gas concentrations
T
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the unique chemical and physical properties of water
A
Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of: A) polarity of wafer molecules B) viscosity of water C) electron transfer D) electron sharing E) surface tension
C
Hydrogen bonds: A) increase the boiling point of water B) decrease the density of frozen water C) give water a high capacity D) increase the freezing point of water E) all the above are true of hydrogen bonds and water
T
Hydrothermal vents are sea floor cold seeps with high concentrations of sulfur and salts
T
Hydrothermal vents have a significant impact on ocean chemistry
T
Hydrothermal vents have significant impact on ocean chemistry
C
In comparison to most other liquids the heat capacity of water is: A) about the same as other liquids B) Lower than other liquids C) related to solvent concentration D) high than other liquids E) a function of slainity
False
In general, the chemical composition of ocean water has remained constant through geologic time.
D
Radioactive isotopes can sometimes be used to determine the: A) metamorphism B) absolute age of the rock C) formation method D) relative age of the rock E) chemical composition of the rock
B
Latent heat is used to: A) break chemical bonds B) change the temperature of a substance C) form chemical bonds D) change state of matter E) change molecular structure
T
Latent heat of vaporization is the same as latent of sublimation
C
Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water: A) contains hydrogen bonds B) is a polar molecule C) is a universal solvent D) exists in three phases at the earths surface E) requests heat to condense
C
Match the term with the appropriate phrase GLORIA A) used to determine shape and position of Boundaries B) cumulative plot of area versus depth or elevation C) used echo sounding in 1952 to identify mid-ocean ridge in South Atlantic D) used to map ocean floor from space E)device used for side-scan sonar F) uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth G) Measurement of ocean depth and sea floor topography
D
Match the term with the appropriate phrase Bathometry A) used to determine shape and position of Boundaries B) cumulative plot of area versus depth or elevation C) used echo sounding in 1952 to identify mid-ocean ridge in South Atlantic D) used to map ocean floor from space E)device used for side-scan sonar F) uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth G) Measurement of ocean depth and sea floor topography
G
Match the term with the appropriate phrase Hypos metric curve A) used to determine shape and position of Boundaries B) cumulative plot of area versus depth or elevation C) used echo sounding in 1952 to identify mid-ocean ridge in South Atlantic D) used to map ocean floor from space E)device used for side-scan sonar F) uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth G) Measurement of ocean depth and sea floor topography
E
Match the term with the appropriate phrase PDR A) used to determine shape and position of Boundaries B) cumulative plot of area versus depth or elevation C) used echo sounding in 1952 to identify mid-ocean ridge in South Atlantic D) used to map ocean floor from space E)device used for side-scan sonar F) uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth G) Measurement of ocean depth and sea floor topography
A
Match the term with the appropriate phrase Seismic survey A) used to determine shape and position of Boundaries B) cumulative plot of area versus depth or elevation C) used echo sounding in 1952 to identify mid-ocean ridge in South Atlantic D) used to map ocean floor from space E)device used for side-scan sonar F) uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth G) Measurement of ocean depth and sea floor topography
T
Meroplakton are organisms that spend the larva phase of their lifecycle associated with the ocean bottom (benthos) and the adult phase of the lifecycle as plankton
T
Mid-ocean ridges are rises that occupy a small portion of the deep ocean basin only around 10%
T
Mid-ocean ridges are rises that occupy a small portion of the deep ocean basin, only around 10%
C
Most marine species are found in a(n): A) bathypelagic environment B) mesopelagic environment C) pelagic environment D) benthic environment E) oceanic environment
B
Multi cellular organisms that are comprised of eukaryotic heterotrophic cells within cell walls would most likely belong to the kingdom: A) plantae B) Protista C) fungi D) monera E) animalia
A
Nekton are restricted to particular ocean areas by: A) availability of food B) differences in water pressure with depth C) temperature variations with latitude and depth D) changes in salinity E) all of the above conditions may restrict the distribution of nekton
E
Neritic environments are influenced by: A) seasonal temperature fluctuations B) seasonal salinity variations C) tidal movements D) wave energy E) all of the above factors influence neritic environments
C
New lithosphere is produced in association with: A) transform faults B) hydrothermal vents C) mid-ocean ridges D) fracture zones E) deep-sea trenches
True
Oceanic crust is less dense than continental crust because it is made of silica and manganese.
A
Oceanic crust is primarily: A) basalt B) siltstone C) carbonate sedimentary rocks D) clay minerals E) granite
T
Oceans with passive plate margins have continental slopes with more gradual slopes than oceans with active plate margins
A
Old lithosphere is destroyed in association with: A) fracture zones B) hydrothermal vents C) spreading centers D) mid-ocean ridges E) deep-sea trenches
B
Old lithosphere is destroyed in association with: A) mid-ocean ridges B) fracture zones C) deep-sea trenches D) spreading centers E) hydrothermal vents
E
One distinction between and ocean and a sea is that a sea A) is composed of salt water B) contains more shallow water C) may be enclosed by either land or ocean currents. D) is smaller than an ocean. E) All of the above are correct.
T
One example of infauna are coquina clams that burrow into the beach sand as soon as they are washed ashore but the waves
F
One reason that polar climates support a high bio mass is that cold water can old more oxygen
B
Organisms of the mesopelagic zone are characterized by: A) bioluminescence B) large, sensitive eyes C) no eyes D) A and B are correct E) A and C are correct
C
Organisms that break down organic molecules and release energy are called: A) biotic organisms B) fungi C) bacteria D) heterotrophic organisms E) autotrophic organisms
A
Organisms that cannot withstand large changes in temperature are referred to as: A) isothermal B) stenothermal C) euryhaline D) estuarine E) eurythermal
B
Organisms with small, expandable bodies, extremely large mouths, and efficient teeth are likely to be found in the: A) neritic province B) mesopelagic zone C) epipelagic zone D) bathypelagic zone E) photic zone
F
Osmosis occurs when salt ions diffuse through a membrane with a lower ion concentration
A
Osmotic pressure increase as the: A) DIFFERENCE IN SALINITY DECREASES B) SALINITY INCREASES C) DIFFERENCE IN SALINITY INCREASES D) DIFFERENCE IN TEMPERATURE INCREASES E) TEMPERATURE INCREASES
F
PH will tend to rise in areas of the ocean with high primary productivity
B
Passive continental margins are characterize by all of the following except: A) thick sediment accumulation B) very little volcanic and earthquake activity C) deep-sea trenches D) shallow coastal waters E) broad continental shelf
A
Passive continental margins are characterized by all of the following except: A) deep-sea trenches. B) very little volcanic and earthquake activity C) shallow coastal waters D) broad continental shelf E) thick sediment accumulation
T
Phytoplankton are small in sizes a a result of predication pressure
C
Plankton which are 2.0 to 0.2 um in size are called: A) net plankton B) nanoplankton C) zooplankton D) pick plankton E) phytoplankton
B
Planktonic organisms that spend part of their life in planktonic form, and the rest of their life as either benthos or nekton are called: A) macro plankton B) zooplankton C) metro plankton D) holoplankton E) bacterioplankton
D
Refer to the figure for 219 - these planktonic organisms often have needle like structures that: A) increase density B) are used as a defense mechanism C) are used as paddles to catch ocean currents D) preventing sinking E) serve as a "Skeleton" to support the diatom
E
Refer to the figure for 220 - the portion of the ocean in which these organisms are most likely to be found in the: A) sediment layer B) benthic zone C) intertidal zone D) estuary E) pelagic zone
D
Residence time A) increases as water depth decreases B) relates the solubility of an ion to the rate at which it participates to form sediment deposition C) determines the rate at which nutrients passes tropic level to another D) is the average length of time that substances reside in the ocean E) describes the solubility of salt ion in water
F
Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances
D
Satellites are used to map the ocean floor because: A) they can cover areas where ships have not produced surveys B) they can "see" large areas of the sea floor at one time C) the shape of the ocean surface itself reflects large features on the sea floor below D) they are unaffected by surface weather E) All of the above statements are correct
B
Satellites are used to map the ocean floor because: A) they can cover areas where ships have not produced surveys. B) they can "see" large areas of the sea floor at one time. C) they are unaffected by surface wether. D) the shape of the ocean surface itself reflects large features on the sea floor below. E) All of the above statements are correct.
F
Seamount form from ancient tablemounts
F
Seamounts form from ancient tablemounts
T
The broadest continental shelves occur in the Arctic Ocean
B
Seawater: A) contains 30 to 35 parts per thousand salt ions B) is 3 to 3.5 salt on average C) has the same proportion of salt ions worldwide irrespective of total salinity D) dissolves oxygen more readily than carbon dioxide E) contains chloride sodium sulfate magnesium calcium and potassium ions
F
Sediments of the continental rise can exhibit characteristics similar to those formed by rivers
F
Sediments of the continental rise can exhibit characteristics similar to those formed by rivers on land
False
Significant Oceanographic knowledge was acquired during the Middle Ages
B
Some insects can glide across the surface of water due to waters: A) capillarity B) surface tension C) polarity D) hydrogen bonds E) viscosity
T
Species diversity and total biomass are greater in warm water marine environments in comparison to cold water marine environments
T
Stenothermal organisms are likely to be found in deep open ocean water
T
Streamlining in fish means that the minimum amount of energy is expended to swim
T
Subduction zones appear to remain nearly stationary over long periods of time
C
Submarine canyons were most likely formed by: A) earthquake activity B) erosion by major rivers in the past C) On the flank of a mid-ocean ridge D) by many deep sea fans E) in association with hydrothermal vents
E
Submarine canyons were most likely formed by: A) erosion by major rivers in the past B) deposition of terrestrial sediment C) scouring by glaciers during the last ice age D) earthquake activity E) erosion by turbidity currents
D
The "Age of Discovery" began with: A) Polynesian colonization of Pacific Islands B) Phoenician exploration of the Mediterranean C) Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe D) Christopher Columbus' discovery of the "New World" E) Viking voyages to North America
False
The Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago.
True
The Earth's crust solidified around 4.5 billion years ago
True
The Ming Dynasty ships used magnetic compasses similar to those used today
T
The Pacific Ring of Fire is the seismically active area at the margins of the Pacific plate where earthquakes and volcanoes are common
T
The alkalinity of a solution is an estimate of its acid buffering capacity
T
The broadest continental shelves occur in the Atlantic Ocean
D
The color pattern in which marine organisms are light on the bottom and dark on the top of their bodies camouflaging them against the water-air interface is: A) cryptic coloration B) disruptive coloration C) defensive coloration D) counter shading E) warning coloration
A
The correct arrangement of astronomical bodies fro oldest to youngest is: A) Galaxy, solar system, planet B) planet, Galaxy, solar system C) solar system planet, Galaxy D) planet, solar system, Galaxy E) solar system, Galaxy, planet
A
The correct order of marine provinces from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is: A) abyssal plain, shelf, slope, rise B) slope, rise, shelf, abyssal plain C) abyssal plain, rise, slope, shelf D) shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain E) rise, abyssal plain, slope, shelf
C
The correct order of marine provinces from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is: A) rise, abyssal plain, slope, shelf B) shelf, slope rise, abyssal plain C) abyssal plain, shelf, slope, rise D) slope, rise, shelf, abyssal plain E) abyssal plain, rise, slope, shelf
T
The deep scattering layer is produced by masses migrating phytoplankton
T
The deepest portions of the ocean are part of the relatively narrow features called submarine canyons
T
The density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature
T
The depth of the nutrient maximum is found at the base of the mesopelagic zone
F
The depth of the oxygen minimum is found in the bathypelagic zone
A
The direction of motion along a sea floor transform faults is: A) influenced by underwater boundary currents B) in the same direction as the ridge offset C) in the same direction as the plates are spreading D) perpendicular to the direction of plat movement E) associated with turbidity currents
C
The direction of motion along the sea floor transform fault is: A) in the same direction as the ridge offset B) in the same direction as the plates are spreading C) perpendicular to the direction of plate movement D) associated with turbidity currents E) influenced by underwater boundary currents
T
The euphotic zone is contained entirely in the epipelagic zone
C
The four Principe oceans of the earth are the: A)Atlantic, Arctic, Mediterranean, and Pacific Ocean B)Atlantic, Caspian, Indian, and Pacific C)Atlantic, Arctic, Indian, and Pacific D)Atlantic, Antarctic, Mediterranean, and Pacific E)Antarctic, Arctic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean.
F
The hadal zone is associated with deep ocean trenches
F
Trenches change their position over time
T
Tropical marine organisms grow more slowly live longer and are smaller in general than their cold water counterparts
E
Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with I rocks and debris are: A) deep sea fans B) turbidity deposits C) white smokers D) graded bedding E) turbidity currents
B
Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and Debi's are: A) deep sea fans B) turbidity currents C) graded bedding D) white smokers E) turbidity deposits
True
Vikings led by Thor Heyerdahl established temporary colonies in North aAmerica
B
Warm-water hydrothermal vents form: A) abyssal hills B) turbidity currents C) black smokers D) white smokers E) cold seeps
E
Warm-water hydrothermal vents form: A) turbidity currents B) black smokers C) abyssal hills D) cold seeps E) white smokers
D
Water can pile up a short distance above a containers rim due to: A) high capillary action B) high viscosity C) low surface tension D) high surface tension E) low viscosity
T
Water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension
T
Water is a polar molecule
T
Water is the only naturally occurring substance that exists in all three state of matter simultaneously (ice, water and water vapor)
B
When an organism has the same salt and water concentration as its environment, it is said to be: A) isotonic B) stench alien C) hypotonic D) hypertonic E) euryhaline
A
When compared to their warmer water counterparts, cold water plankton often: A) are larger in size B) are smaller in size C) exhibit counter shading D) reproduce asexually only E) have more spines and ornamentation on the cell wall
True
When the Earth cooled, the layers of the earth separated based on density differences.
D
Which of the following statements shows the correct hierarchical ordering of taxonomic levels in terms of increasing specificity: A) order, family, genus, species, kingdom, phylum, class B) genus, species order, family, kingdom, phylum, class C) phylum, class, order, kingdom, family, genus, species D) class, family, genus, kingdom, order, phylum, species E) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
B
Which of the following word pairs correctly link a descriptor with the way in which the organism lives in the ocean? A) nekton - swim B) Beth's - swim C) nekton - bottom-dwelling D) benthos - drift E) plankton - bottom-dwelling
B
Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in high and low when compare to inland communities: A) high salinity B) low heat capacity C) low viscosity D) high heat capacity E) high viscosity
C
With respect to mid-ocean ridges, transform faults are: A) parallel to the Rift Valley B) associated with hydrothermal vents C) parallel to the direction of plate movement D) perpendicular to the ridge axis E) located in submarine canyons
A
With respect to mid-ocean ridges, transform faults are: A) parallel to the direction of plat movement B) located in submarine canyons C) perpendicular to the ridge axis D) parallel to the Rift Valley E) associated with hydrothermal vents
E
Zonation of benthic organisms includes all of the following except the: A) hadal zone B) abyssal zone C) neritic zone D) bathypelagic zone E) sub tidal zone
A
neritic marine environments would be found: A) associated with continental shelves B) with a deep sea trench C) at mid-ocean ridges D) in subduction zones E) deep in the ocean basin
D
new lithosphere is produced in association with: A) hydrothermal vents B) transform faults C) deep-sea trenches D) fracture zones E) mid-ocean ridges
T
the majority of marine species are associated with the pelagic environment