Oceanography 101 chapter 1 test
Captain James Cook's second voyage took place during which years?
1772-1775
When was the term "oceanography" first coined?
1870
When did Miller and Urey conduct their lab experiment that had major implications about the development of life on Earth?
1950s
The deepest part of the ocean is the Mariana Trench; it has been visited by humans twice in which two years?
1960 and 2012
What is the density (grams per cubic centimeter) for oceanic crust?
3.0
How old were the microfossils of bacteria from the deep-water marine rocks that support the idea of life's origin on the deep-ocean floor?
3.2 billion years
Archeological evidence suggests that boat technology was developed about ________ years ago.
50,000
The oceans cover approximately ________ percent of the Earth's surface.
70
The great oxidation event resulted in the massive die-off of which of the following?
Anaerobic bacteria
Which of the following is Earth's plastic layer, which flows when a gradual force is applied to it?
Asthenosphere
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
Atmosphere
According to the fossil record on Earth, the earliest-known life-forms lived in sea floor rocks about 3.5 ________ years ago.
Billion
Who of the following is thought to be the first Viking to have seen what is now called Newfoundland?
Bjarni Herjolfsson
Charles Darwin was famous for his work on evolution by natural selection processes. Which of the follow was not one of the animals that he observed?
Cats
The Earth's interior can be subdivided based on its ________.
Chemical reaction
Which of the following represents Earth's low-density, mostly silicate layer?
Crust
Which of the following was not a ship of Captain James Cook's?
Discovery
The first person we are aware of who determined the circumference of the Earth using trigonometry and the angle of sunlight at Alexandria, Egypt, was ________.
Eratosthenes
Viking who discovered Greenland
Erik Thorvaldsen
The European "Age of Discovery" ended with ________.
Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe
The study of the structure of the sea floor and how the sea floor has changed through time is an example of ________ oceanography
Geological
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
Heterotrophs
Which of the following is Earth's solid iron-nickel layer?
Inner core
What happened to the nebular gas that remained from the formation of the planets and their satellites?
It was blown away by the solar wind.
Who was killed in Hawaii during his last sea voyage after a skirmish with local people?
James Cook
Which explorer was not known in the Age of the Discovery in Europe?
Leif Eriksson
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
Magellan
What does NOAA stand for?
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Contrast Oceanic crust and Continental Crust
Oceanic crust has basalt and continental has granite which is lower density
gently sloping and fast spreading parts of the mid-oceanic ridge is called
Oceanic ridges
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
Oxygen
Which of the following was not abundant in the early atmosphere?
Oxygen
The first humans from Western Hemisphere known to have developed the art of navigation were the ________.
Phoenicians
The study of the transmission of light and sound in the oceans is an example of ________ oceanography
Physical
The method of determining latitude in the Northern Hemisphere by measuring the angle between an observer's line of site to the North Star and line of site to the northern horizon was developed by ________
Pytheas
The method of determining latitude in the Northern Hemisphere by measuring the angle between an observer's line of site to the North Star and line of site to the northern horizon was developed by ________.
Pytheas
How did the Moon form?
The Moon formed due to the impact of a Mars-sized body with the Earth.
Which ocean is actually a part of three other oceans?
The southern ocean
Differentiate between a hypothesis and a theory.
Theory is a guess based on things we know in the world. A hypothesis is a testable guess and it eventually becomes a theory.
Who sailed from Europe around the tip of Africa to India and established a new trade route?
Vasco
Oceanic crust is predominantly composed of the igneous rock called ________.
basalt
Oceanic crust is primarily ________.
basalt
The separation of the earth into its layers was a result of the
differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth.
A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a(n) ________.
hypothesis
Earth's initial atmosphere formed from ________.
leftover gases from the nebula
Which of the following is Earth's rigid layer that includes the crust plus the topmost portion of the mantle?
lisothsphere
Which of the following is earth's rigid layer that includes the middle and lower mantle
mesosphere
The mechanism by which populations evolve and new species develop is called ________.
natural selection
Earth's second atmosphere formed from ________.
outgassing
The very earliest forms of life probably ________.
required an external food supply
