oceanography chapter 4

Which of the following are microscopic, single-celled floating algae that accumulate to form biogenous sediment?

-Coccolithophores -Diatoms

Which of the following organisms are responsible for the creation of siliceous ooze?

-Radiolarians -Diatoms

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. A. siliceous ooze B. quartz sand C. rock fragments D. clay E. volcanic ash

A. siliceous ooze

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. A. biogenous B. calcareous C. cosmogenous D. hydrogenous E. lithogenous

B. Calcareous

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. A. coccolithophores B. diatoms C. foraminiferans D. oolites E. radiolarians

D. Oolites

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. A. halite and other salts B. manganese nodules C. metal sulfides D. phosphates E. tektites

E. Tektites

What can you infer about the ocean environment from a core sample composed of the following layers: siliceous ooze (youngest layer) calcareous ooze basalt rock (oldest layer)

The core was collected in a region of high surface productivity in water deeper than 4,500 meters.

Which of the following conditions allows for calcareous ooze to be found beneath the CCD?

The ooze accumulates above the CCD and then is covered before being transported to deeper depths by sea floor spreading

What do manganese nodules, metal sulfides, and evaporites all have in common?

They all precipitate from water oversaturated in their respective minerals.

Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by:

a glacier.

ice rafting

associated with glacial deposits

coccolithophores

biogenous sediment

The presence of what type of macroscopic sediment would provide evidence of a meteorite impact on Earth?

chondrites

The sea floor provides the largest reservoir of usable energy in the ocean—and likely the world—in the form of ______________.

clathrates

Ocean sediments provide all the following mineral resources except :

coal.

You add sand, silt, and clay to a jar of water, shake the jar vigorously, and allow the sediment to settle. The resulting sediment will most closely resemble that of a(n) __________.

continental rise

Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called:

cosmogenous.

CCD

depth at which all calcium carbonate is in solution (i.e. dissolved)

All the following are examples of lithogenous sediment except :

diatom ooze.

Calcareous ooze is found in cooler waters at depth around the world.

false

Macroscopic biogenous sediment is the most abundant biogenous sediment in the marine environment.

false

Sediments derived from weathered rock and volcanic activities are called biogenous sediments.

false

manganese nodules

hydrogenous sediment

metal sulfides

hydrogenous sediment

Phosphate-rich nodules form in:

intermediate to shallow depth water.

Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are:

less than 30% biogenous material.

abyssal clay

lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment

Sediments derived from pre-existing rocks on land are called:

lithogenous.

Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristic?

low salinity

All the following statements are true of ocean sediments except :

ocean sediments are thickest in pelagic waters overlying the oceanic ridges.

Wentworth Scale

particle size classification

The most abundant mineral in lithogenous sediments is __________.

quartz

Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)?

radiolarians

Sediment samples from deep beneath the ocean floor are recovered by __________.

rotary drilling

Neritic sediments are most likely to be composed of __________.

sand, silt, and gravel

All the following are examples of hydrogenous sediment except :

stromatolites.

Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered hydrogenous?

-manganese nodules -coatings of metal sulfides near black smokers

Of the following environments, where would you expect to find large amounts of lithogenous sediment?

-on the continental shelf -in deep trenches not far offshore

Marine sediment with more than 30% biogenous material is called __________.

ooze

Calcareous shells generally will not accumulate on the ocean floor when the water depth exceeds about 4,500 meters (around 15,000 feet).

true

Calcium carbonate, phosphates, and manganese may precipitate out of solution to form deposits on the ocean floor.

true

Organisms that live on the ocean floor may be responsible for keeping manganese nodules from being buried in the sediment.

true

Texture refers to the size and shape of sediment particles.

true

The organisms that contribute to biogenous sediment are chiefly algae and protozoans.

true

Marine sediments that originate in the warm tropical surface ocean would create deposits in the deep sea composed primarily of ___________.

calcium carbonate