oceanography CHAPTER 5 PRACTICE TEST

Which of the following best defines heat capacity?

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

The density curve for high latitudes shows ________ density at the surface and ________ density at depth.

decreased, increased

As the salinity of seawater increases, its ________.

density increases

Of all the following processes which one increases the salinity of water?

evaporation

Which of the following processes causes sea surface salinity to increase near the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn?

evaporation

Which of the following processes increases seawater salinity?

evaporation

Which of the following best defines heat?

weak interactions that become significant when molecules are very close to each other

The average salinity of typical seawater is ________.

3.5%

The ion in sea water that serves as a buffer is ________.

HCO3−

Which of the following statements comparing covalent and hydrogen bonding is correct?

Stronger covalent bonds occur within water molecules and weaker hydrogen bonds form between adjacent water molecules.

Which of the following best defines temperature?

The direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance's molecules.

Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a ________.

change in state

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

high heat capacity

Water can pile up a short distance above a container's rim due to ________.

high surface tension

The salinity for low latitudes shows ________ salinity at the surface and ________ salinity at depth.

increased, decreased

Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water ________.

is a polar molecule

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0°C. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?

it remains constant until the ice melts and it begins to rise

Which of the following methods cannot be used to desalinate water?

osmosis

Which of the following statements regarding pH is true?

pH relates to relative acid-base ion balance in a solutio

An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is the ________.

pycnocline

The covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule form as a result of the ________.

sharing electrons between the atoms

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of ________.

the polarity of water molecules

Covalent bonds are formed by which of the following?

the sharing of electrons between atoms

Which of the following best defines melting point?

the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the ________.

thermocline