Oceanography HW

Bar-built Estuary

A shallow lagoon separated from the open ocean by a bar deposit such as a barrier island

Seaotter

A small mammal with dense fur and lack an insulating blubber layer

Hippopautamus

Fossil evidence indicates that modern whales have evolved from ancestor similar to the

An increase in nutrients resulting in more frequent kills of bottom-dwelling or benthic animals

One major problem associated with the Chesapeake Bay due to increased human pressure is

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

What is the correct order for the taxonomic classification of living things?

Larger in size

When compared to their warmer water counterparts, cold-water plankton are often

In middle-latitude waters along a continental margin

Where would you expect to find the highest annual oceanic productivity?

Caudal

Which fin is most commonly used for moving fast?

Jellyfish

Which is a member of the Phylum Cnidaria?

Sewage Sludge

Concentrated organic matter

Aquaculture

farming of commercial fish and shellfish

Domain

"Eukarya" is a

Nekton

Swims for its entire life

Thermocline

A layer of water in which the temperature changes rapidly with change in depth

True

About 47% of the incoming shortwave solar radiation from the sun is absorbed by the oceans and the continents

Middle Tide Zone

Acorn Barnacle

-Use of biological glue & protein threads for attachment -Shell to cover soft body parts for protection from predators and desiccation -Ability to withdraw into their shells -Holdfasts for attachment to rock surfaces

Adaptations to life in the rocky shore intertidal zone

Tectonic Estuary

An estuary produced by paulting or folding of rocks that creates a dropped-down section into which a river flows is called a

Tuna

An example of a "cruiser" is a

Sea Star

An important predator of mussel beds in the middle tide zone is the

Negative-feedback loop

An increase in cloud cover and a corresponding decrease in absorption of solar radiation is an example of a

Negative-feedback loop

An increase in cloud cover due to higher moisture content in the atmosphere is an example of a

Euryhaline

An organism that tolerates a wide range of salinities is referred to as

Standing Stock

Available biomass of a target species

Holoplankton

Can never swim against a current

Refrigerants

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Tend to lose water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is lower than that of seawater

Compared to freshwater fishes, marine fishes

It increases the power output of muscle tissue

Cruisers are thought to have a relatively high body temperature because

True

Earth has a natural greenhouse effect, principally due to water vapor

Salt Wedge Estuary

Estuarine circulation associated with a deep, high river volume system where no horizontal salinity gradient exists at the surface is called a

-Nutrient inputs such as Nitrogen & Phosphorus Compounds -Heavy metals such as Mercury & Silver -Sewage Sludge -Hydrocarbons

Examples of pollutants in the marine environment

Littorina (periwinkle snail)

High tide zone, supratidal zone

True

If all greenhouse gas emissions by humans were reduced to zero, Earth is still projected to keep warming for the foreseeable future

Oxygen

In dead zones resulting form eutrophication, animal life is absent due to the lack of

Producer

Kelp

Bar-built Estuaries

Lagoons that form behind barrier islands are examples of

Infauna

Lives in benthic sediments

Epifauna

Lives on top of benthic sediments

Maximum Sustainable Yield

Maximum catch without reducing the population of target species.

Copepods

Microscopic, shrimp-like animals that have a hard exoskeleton that can be either herbivores, carnivores or parasitic are called

Hermit Crab

Middle tide zone, tide pool

Animalia

Multicellular, Eukaryotic organisms that range in complexity from simple sponges to complex vertebrates belong to the kingdom

Mud Flats

Organic matter decomposes most slowly in

Persistent Organic Pollutants

PCB's

Milankovitch Cycles

Periodic variations in Earth's orbit that can cause natural climate changes

Meroplankton

Planktonic organisms that spend part of their lives in planktonic form and the rest of their lives as either benthos or nekton

Plastic waste strangles seals and birds

Plastics cause significant biological damage in oceans when

Greenhouse effect

Process that influences the temperature of Earth's surfacec and atmosphere

Light-limited

Productivity in Polar Oceans is

Tectonic

San Francisco Bay is a ________ estuary.

Consumer

Sand Star (Star Fish)

Carnivore

Sand Star (Stropecten)

Have external ears

Sea lions are easily distinguished form seals because they

True

Species diversity is highest in coral reef communities

Nontropical shelf areas

The area of the ocean that produces the largest standing stock of commercial fish is in the

Lunate

The caudal fin of fast-cruising fish such as tuna is

A combination of subsidence & rising sea level

The coastal wetlands of Louisiana are being lost primarily because of

Compensation depth for photosynthesis

The depth at which the cellular respiration rate equals the photosynthetic rate

Mate and give birth in the tropics during the winter

The gray whale and other baleen whales migrate every year to

Petroleum Consumption

The greatest amount of oil pollution in the ocean from human sources is from

15 million

The last time the atmospheric carbon dioxide level was as high as it is today was _____ years ago

Loss of zooxanthellae

The loss of color (coral bleaching) in coral reef organisms can be a result of

Red and brown algae & surf grasses

The low-water portion of the rocky intertidal zone is dominated by

Plankton

The majority of our planet's biomass is represented by

Collision and/or Sinking of Oil Tankers

The most biologically devastating oil spills in the marine environment are usually a result of

Diffusion

The movement of a substance in solution from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane in a living organism

White

The muscle tissue of a "lunger" is predominately

Sea Urchin

The organism posing the greatest threat to the kelp forest is the

Archaea

The primary producers in chemosynthetic vent communities

Negligible

The seasonal temperature range in the deep ocean is usually

Kelp

The subtidal rocky bottom zone along temperature shorelines is dominated by

True

The temperature of the ocean water has a significant effect on species diversity of benthic communities

Normal oil tankers/shipping operations & Urban Run-Off

The two most significant human sources of oil pollution in the marine environment are

Paleoclimatology

Using proxy data, scientists have compiled a detailed record of Earth's climate over the recent geologic past. This science is called

Milankovitch Cycle

Variations in Earth's orbit

-The tilt of Earth's axis of Rotation -The shape of Earth's orbit (eccentricity) -The wobbling of Earth's axis of rotation (precession)

Variations in earth's orbit that influence long-term climate change include

Photosynthetic Bacteria

Which type of organism is considered to be lowest in a marine food web?