OCEANS Ch. 5-9.4 Review

northwest

A wind blowing from the northwest to the southeast is called _____ wind.

El nino: trade winds weaken, warm surface water flows east. La nina: trade winds strengthen, warm surface water flows west (farther than normal) Normal conditions: trade winds normal, warm surface water flows west Upwelling during normal conditions and La Nina

Describe the behavior of the trade winds (weak, strong, normal) and pattern of surface water flow in the tropical South Pacific ocean during normal conditions, El Nino, and La Nina. When is there upwelling along the coast of South America?

Where: North Atlantic, Southern Ocean/near Antartica How: Cold water at the surface with a high salinity is subjected/sinks 4 water masses: Mediterranean Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water

Explain where and how deep water masses form in the ocean. Label the four masses highlighted for the Atlantic Ocean.

low;high

In the middle latitudes of Northern Hemisphere, a ______ pressure cell over the ocean in winter and a _____ pressure cell develops in summer.

45 degrees to the right of the wind

In the northern hemisphere, the water surface of the open ocean moves

eddies

Meanders in the Gulf Stream current can pinch off to form warm and cold core ________

True

T/F: In the southern hemisphere, the atmospheric low-pressure belt centered on 60 degrees S remains nearly continuous around the world at all seasons of the year.

False

T/F: Nutrients and dissolved gases in seawater are considered conservative substances.

True

T/F: The period of a wave never changes

False

T/F: The pycnocline of the oceans is usually found at depths exceeding 2000m.

False

T/F: The sun plays a greater role in producing the tides than the moon.

rotation of Earth around its axis

The Coriolis effect arises primarily from the

35

The average salinity of the oceans is about _____ parts per thousand

intertropical convergence zone

The low pressure area near the equator is known as the

All of these are correct

The major ionic constituents of sea salt are normally found to... A. Have a constant ratio of each constituent to each other B. Behave as conservative materials C.have the same ratio to each other even when diluted by rainwater D. All of these are correct. E. None of these are correct.

Redfield

The relative molar abundance of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous in marine phytoplankton can be expressed in a relationship called the _____ ratio.

windspeed wind duration fetch

Wave height of wind waves depends on what three factors

CO3^2-

What ion is most important for buffering pH in the ocean?

1.0275 g/cm^3

What is the density of a seawater sample that is 11 degrees C and has a salinity of 36 parts per thousand?

Iron

Which ion has the shortest residence time in the oceans?

Neap

____ tides occur at the first quarter moon

24 hours and 50 minutes

a tidal day is

once a day

diurnal tide cycles occur

denser than both parent types

if two surface water types with the same density but different salinities and temperatures mix, the resulting water will be

90; left

the average movement of all water affected by the wind is ____ degrees to the ____ of the wind motion in the Southern Hemisphere

one-half the wavelength

the orbital motion of a deep water wave extends to a depth equal to

capillary

the restoring force for ______ waves is surface tension

the channel through which it flows is narrow

the speed of the Florida current is high because

polar easterlies

the winds that begin the polar high pressure zones are called

density

thermohaline circulation is driven by changes in