Oceans Exam
how many known marine species have been catalogued by taxonomists at the world register of marine species? A) Between 150,000 and 200,000 B) Between 250,000 and 300,000 C) Between 100,000 and 150,000 D) Between 200,000 and 250,000 E) More than 300,000
200 000 and 250 000
about what percent of the world fishery is obtained within 320km of shore? A) 55% B) 95% C) 75% D) 25% E) 5%
95%
the zone that has no light is called the ____ zone A) aphotic B) disphotic C) euphotic D) hyperphotic E) hypophotic
aphotic
a layer of rapidly changing density with depth is called a A) halocline B) lysocline C) pycnocline D) syncline E) thermocline
pycnocline
a common body shape that streamlines an organism in the marine environment is a flattened body that ____ A) has a wide, blunt front end B) tapers at the front end C) tapers at the top surface D) tapers at the bottom surface E) tapers at the back end
tapers at the back end
the states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by ____ A) temperature B) density C) pH D) salinity E) chlorinity
temperature
the vertical difference between consecutive high and low tides is called the _____ A) tidal height B) tidal bore C) tidal range D) flood tide E) ebb tide
tidal range
which of the following are unlikely to generate a tsunami? A) Volcanic eruption B) Underwater slope failure C) Turbidity current D) Volcanic collapse E) Transform fault
transform fault
The direction of motion along seafloor transform fault is A) perpendicular to the direction of plate movement B) influenced by underwater boundary currents C) in the same direction as the ridge offset D) in the same direction as the plates are spreading E) associated with turbidity currents
in the same direction as the plates are spreading
an example of an organism that might be part of the infauna is a A) crinoid B) tuna C) lug worm D) bull kelp E) shark
lug worm
the approximate boundary between salt marshes and mangrove swaps is ____ latitude A) 10° B) 20° C) 30° D) 40° E) 50
30 degrees
Organisms which feed only on other animals are called ________. A) autotrophic B) bacteriovores C) carnivores D) herbivores E) omnivores
carnivores
Which set of fins is used for moving fast? A) Anal and pelvic B) Pectoral and anal C) Caudal and dorsal D) Anal and dorsal E) Caudal and pectoral
caudal and pectoral
Which of the following animals doesn't use a rigid gas container or a swim bladder? A) Tuna B) Sea Bass C) Grouper D) Nautilus E) Sepia
tuna
the zone that has small but measurable quantities of light is called the ____ zone A) aphotic B) disphotic C) euphotic D) hyperphotic E) hypophotic
disphotic
the upper half of the ____zone is the only place in the ocean where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis A) bathypelagic B) abyssopelagic C) nektopelagic D) mesopelagic E) epipelagic
epipelagic
which of the following terms describes organisms living on the surface of the sea floor attached to rocks? A) Benthonektos B) Epifauna C) Infauna D) Nektobenthos E) Planktofauna
epifauna
The shape of the caudal fin of a shark is referred to as ________. A) lunate B) rounded C) forked D) heterocercal E) truncate
heterocercal
multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that range in complexity from simple sponges to complex vertebrates belong to the kingdom ____ A) Protista B) Fungi C) Animalia D) Archaebacteria E) Plantae
animalia
which of the following terms best describes organisms living on or in the ocean bottom? A) Fungi B) Plankton C) Benthos D) Nekton E) Plantae
benthos
energy flow in an ecosystem is A) top down B) cyclical C) unidirectional D) semi-conservative E) bi-directional
unidirectional
surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient rich deep water through _____ A) convergence B) land breezes C) downwelling D) sea breezes E) upwelling
upwelling
Tropical shelves and ________ contribute about the same percentage to the world marine fishery. A) upwellings B) nontropical shelves C) coastal systems D) coral reefs E) the open ocean
upwellings
Which of the following ecosystems accounts for 20.9% of the world marine fishery? A) Coastal and coral systems B) Nontropical shelves C) Open ocean D) Tropical shelves E) Upwellings
upwellings
Seals are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
carnivora
Walruses are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
carnivora
Sperm whales are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
cetacea
Which of the following animals uses an internal chambered structure as a rigid gas container to achieve neutral buoyancy? A) Snapper B) Sepia C) Grouper D) Tuna E) Cuttlefish
cuttlefish
The flow of nutrients through a biotic community is ________. A) noncyclic and multidirectional B) noncyclic and unidirectional C) cyclic and unidirectional D) cyclic and multidirectional
cyclic and multidirectional
What percentage of earths volcanic activity, each year, takes place on the seafloor? A) 65% B) 75% C) 70% D) 85% E) 80%
85%
Who of the following is thought to be the first Viking to have seen what is now called Newfoundland? A) Leif Eriksson B) Bjarni Herjolfsson C) Thor Heyerdahl D) Erik Thorvaldson
B. Bjarni Herjolfsson
stenothermal organisms are found predominantly in the ____ A) shallow, open ocean B) deep, coastal ocean C) deep, open ocean D) shallow, coastal ocean E) all parts of the ocean
deep, open ocean
tidal movement, turbidity currents, wind stress, and even passing ships at the surface create ____ waves A) internal B) ocean C) tidal D) turbidity E) splash
internal
which of the following features is characteristic of an emerging shoreline? A) Drowned river valley B) Drowned beach C) Submerged dune topography D) Marine terrace
marine terrace
The overfishing of which of the following caused the closure of North Carolina's century-old bay scallop fishery in 2004? A) Sharks B) Cod C) Rays D) Surgeonfish E) Lobster
sharks
the extent of a continents waters depends on the size and relief of its continental ____ A) ridge B) slope C) trench D) rise E) shelf
shelf
winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to _____ A) be deflected toward the west B) circulate counterclockwise C) circulate clockwise D) travel in a straight line E) be deflected toward the east
deflected toward the east
large deposits of sediment at the mouths of rivers are called ____ A) barrier flats B) deltas C) barrier islands D) bay-mouth bar E) tombolos
deltas
thermohaline circulation is driven by _____ A) density differences B) the Coriolis effect C) longitude D) latitude E) wind
density differences
Grunion spawning patterns have evolved to take advantage of ____ associated with tides A) water temperatures B) whirlpools and maelstroms C) deposition and erosion D) nutrient rich water E) gravitational attractions
deposition and erosion
Which of the following statements regarding the oceanic crust is true? A) Continental crust is thinner and less dense than oceanic crust. B) Continental crust is thicker and denser than oceanic crust. C) Continental crust is thinner and denser than oceanic crust. D) Continental crust and oceanic crust have equivalent densities. E) Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust.
e. continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust
Which of the following vikings is credited with discovering Greenland? A) Leif Eriksson B) Bjarni Herjolfsson C) Thor Heyerdahl D) Erik Thorvaldson
d. Erik Thorvaldson
water flowing out of an enclosed basin due to the tides is called a/an A) neap tide B) flood current C) spring tide D) tidal bore E) ebb current
ebb current
Squid have two long arms and ________ short arms. A) eightB) six C) four D) two E) ten
eight
subatomic particles with a negative charge are called A) ions B) molecules C) neutrons D) electrons E) protons
electrons
Coral reefs _____ A) can be found at latitudes above 60° B) include atolls, barrier, and fringing reefs C) are most common in deep and cold sub-tropical basins D) were first described by Christopher Columbus during his voyage to Hispaniola E) form when underwater volcanoes are thrust upward during a tectonic event
Include atolls, barrier, and fringing reefs
Chains of extinct volcanoes that are progressively older as one travels away from a hotspot are called A) oceanic ridges B) oceanic rises C) ultra-slow spreading centers D) volcanic arcs E) nemataths
Nemaths
Water's viscosity is a ________ to planktonic organism and a ________ to nektonic organisms A) help; hindrance B) help; help C) hindrance; help D) hindrance; hindrance E) Water's viscosity has no impact on both planktonic and nektonic organisms
help,; hindrance
the columbia river estuary received its most significant ecological damage from which of the following sources? A) Dredging of the river to accommodate boat traffic B) Dikes erected by farmers to prevent flooding C) Pollution due to soil erosion from logging D) Poor farming practices E) Hydroelectric dams
hydroelectric dams
productivity in tropical oceans is generally A) light- and nutrient-limited B) oxygen-limited C) nutrient- and oxygen-limited D) nutrient-limited E) light-limited
nutrient limited
Which marine ecosystem has the lowest average net primary productivity? A) Algae beds and coral reefs B) Estuaries C) Freshwater swamp and marsh D) Open Ocean E) Upwelling zone
open ocean
Which of the following ecosystems accounts for 3.8% of the world marine fishery? A) Coastal and coral systems B) Nontropical shelves C) Open ocean D) Tropical shelves E) Upwellings
open ocean
a blue moon occurs once every few _____ A) months B) centuries C) generations D) decades E) years
years
on average how many vessels of all size are reported missing each year without a trace? A) 1,000 B) 100 C) 10 D) 500 E) 5,000
1 000
the percentage of euphotic zone biomass that reaches the deep ocean floor is approximately ____ A) 30% B) 1% C) 10% D) 50% E) 90%
1%
Most ecological efficiencies in natural ecosystems average about ________ percent. A) 10 B) 15 C) 20 D) 2 E) 6
10
How many volcanic peaks are known to exist on the Pacific sea floor? A) < 5,000 B) 5,000 to 10,000 C) 10,000 to 15,000 D) 15,000 to 20,000 E) > 20,000
10 000 - 15 000
the efficiency of trophic transfers in ecosystems is on average around ____ A) 30% B) 75% C) 50% D) 10% E) 5%
10%
worldwide, about ______ storms grow to named tropical cyclones status each year a) 75 b) 50 c) 100 d) 125
100
If 10,000 kilocalories (kcal) of energy were contained in the primary producers (trophic level 1), on average how many kcal of energy would you expect to be transferred to second-order consumers (trophic level 3)? A) 100 kcal B) 10,000 kcal C) 10 kcal D) 1,000 kcal E) 1 kcal
100 kcal
about what percent of the winds energy is transferred to the ocean surface? a) 20 b) 10 c) 50 d) 5 e) 2
2
Waves from separate sea areas move away as swell and produce an interference pattern when they come together. If Sea A has wave heights of 1.5 meters and Sea B has wave heights of 3.5 meters, what would be the height of waves resulting from destructive interference? A) 6 meters B) 5 meters C) 1.5 meters D) 3.5 meters E) 2 meters
2 meters with destructive subtract the 2 numbers
The average slope of the continental shelf is approximately _______ A) a tenth of a degree B) two to five degrees C) one to two degrees D) one-half to one degree E) greater than five degrees
2-5 degrees
the average albedo of earths surface is about A) 90% B) 67% C) 50% D) 30% E) 3%
30%
about what percent of the world fishery is obtained beyond 320km of shore? A) 55% B) 95% C) 75% D) 25% E) 5%
5%
Current scientific knowledge indicates that the most likely origin of most of Earths ocean was due to A) Water vapor releasd from volcanic outgassing B) water-bearing minerals found in meteorites C) comets from outer space D) release of liquid water from the core
A water vapor released from volcanic outgassing
Calcareous ooze is an example of which sediment type? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
Biogenous sediment
Fossiliferous limestone is an example of which sediment type? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
Biogenous sediment
Siliceous ooze is an example of which sediment type? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
Biogenous sediment
Although Earth's oceans have existed since early in the formation of the planet, its ________ must have changed A) chemical composition B) physical state C) textural makeup D) color distribution
Chemical composition
Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is ________ in temperature and ________ in pressure A) warmer; higher B) colder; lower C) warmer; lower D) colder; higher
Colder; higher
Most of Earths water was derived from A) comet vaporization B) outgassing C) the Sun's solar wind D) leftover gases from the nebula
Comet vaporization
The Gulf of California is an example of ____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental divergent B) an oceanic transform C) an oceanic-oceanic divergent D) an oceanic-oceanic convergent E) an oceanic-continental convergent
Continental continental divergent
The great oxidation event resulted in the massive die off of which of the following? A) Land plants B) Blue-green algae C) Dinosaurs D) Anaerobic bacteria
D. Anaerobic bacteria
What is a linear sea floor feature that is seismically inactive, occurs beyond offset mid-ocean ridge segments, and the relative movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the same direction? A) Fracture zone B) Nemataths C) Guyots D) Transform fault E) Seaknoll
Fracture zone
Which of the following features is related to transform faults along mid ocean ridges? A) Continental slope B) Fracture zone C) Submarine canyon D) Continental rise E) Continental shelf
Fracture zone
Coral reefs that initially develop along the margin of an island or continent where environmental conditions are suitable are called A) patch reefs B) fringing reefs C) barrier reefs D) basaltic reefs E) atolls
Fringing reefs
The distinctive type of sedimentary layering that has largest particles on the bottom and smallest particles on the top, with intermediate sized particles in the middle, is called which of the following? A) Suspension Deposits B) Graded Bedding C) Nonconformities D) Turbidity Currents E) Sandstone Layering
Graded bedding
which of the following is a hollow steel tuba with a heavy weight on top that is to collect sediment samples? A) Long line B) Rotary corer C) Gravity corer D) Seiche disk E) Dredge
Gravity corer
Volcanic peaks that are below sea level but rise more than 1 kilometer above the deep-ocean floor and have a flattened top are called ________. A) guyots B) nemataths C) seaknolls D) seamounts E) islands
Guyots
Harry Hess suggested which of the following? A) The volcanic mid-ocean ridges were formed due to sea floor spreading. B) The continents plowed through oceanic lithosphere on their own power. C) Guyots formed at deep depths and migrated to shallow water. D) The oceans are much older than the continents.
Guyots formed at deep depths and migrated to shallow water
the ion in sea water that serve as a buffer is____ A) Na+ B) Ca+2 C) HCO3− D) Cl− E) CO2
HCO3-
Moving from an oceanic ridge to an oceanic trench, the thickness of the lithosphere ______ A) decreases in proportion to the distance B) increases in proportion to the distance C) is unrelated to the distance from the ridge D) randomly varies E) remains the same
Increased in proportion to the distance
Which ocean was considered by 14th century europeans to be one of the seven seas? A atlantic ocean b. pacific c. indian d. arctic
Indian ocean
The 2 relatively flat areas on the hypsographic curve represent ______ A) continental mountains and mid-ocean ridges B) interior continental areas and mid-ocean ridges C) continental slopes and deep-sea trenches D) interior continental areas and abyssal plains on the ocean floor E) continental mountains and abyssal plains
Interior continental areas and abyssal plains on the ocean floor
The san andreas fault _____ A) is associated with deep focus earthquakes B) is a continental transform fault C) is associated with volcanic activity D) is an oceanic transform fault E) is located in the Juan de Fuca Plate
Is a continental transform fault
Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous sediment
Ocean basins with continental margins are representative of the _____ stage of the wilson cycle A) mature B) juvenile C) declining D) terminal E) suturing
Mature
which of the following agencies defines life as "life is a self sustained chemical system capable of undergoing darwinian evolution?" A) NOAA B) FBI C) NASA D) POTUS E) EPA
NASA
The sun and the rest of the solar system formed about 5 billion years ago from a huge cloud of dust and gas called a. protoplanet b. solar system c. supernova d. nebula e. quasar
Nebula
The East Pacific Rise is an example of ____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental divergent B) an oceanic transform C) an oceanic-oceanic divergent D) an oceanic-oceanic convergent E) an oceanic-continental convergent
Oceanic oceanic divergent
The mid-atlantic ridge is an example of ____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental divergent B) an oceanic transform C) an oceanic-oceanic divergent D) an oceanic-oceanic convergent E) an oceanic-continental convergent
Oceanic oceanic divergent
The most likely place for the basic building blocks for the development of life to interact and produce life is in Earth's ___ A) meteorites B) oceans C) atmosphere D) mantle E) lithosphere
Oceans
Tamu Massif, the largest single volcano on Earth occurs in which of the following oceans? A) Southern Ocean B) Arctic Ocean C) Indian Ocean D) Atlantic Ocean E) Pacific Ocean
Pacific ocean
deep oceaan trenches and volcanic arcs result from the collision of two plates at convergent plate boundaries and mostly occur along the margins of which of the following oceans A) Atlantic Ocean B) Indian Ocean C) Pacific Ocean D) Arctic Ocean E) Southern Ocean
Pacific ocean
The study of historical changes of continental slopes and positions is called A) paleomagnetism B) paleogeography C) paleoclimatology D) sedimentology
Paleogeography
Which of the following was not used as evidence for continental drift? A) The distribution of organisms B) Matching sequences of rocks C) Paleomagnetic reversals D) Past glacial activity E) The fit of the continents
Paleomagnetic reversals
The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as A) parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges B) not related to the location of mid-ocean ridges C) parallel to, but not symmetric about mid-ocean ridges D) perpendicular to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges E) perpendicular to, but not symmetric about mid-ocean ridges
Parallel to and symmetric about mid ocean ridges
the lower pH layer in the ocean is due to which of the following processes? A) Photosynthesis B) Buffering C) Oxidation D) Dissolution E) Respiration
Respiration
which of the following is the most advanced technology used to collect sediment samples from the deep ocean? A) Long line B) Rotary corer C) Gravity corer D) Seiche disk E) Dredge
Rotary corer
the strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the ____ A) Moh's Scale B) Coriolis Scale C) Fujita Scale D) Saffir-Simpson Scale E) Richter Scale
Saffir Simpson Scale
Which of the following is an example of a continental transform plate boundary? A) San Andreas Fault B) Mendocino Fault C) East Pacific Rise D) Aleutian Islands E) Red Sea
San Andreas Fault
which of the following is the correct order of formation of sea ice as it forms directly from seawater A) (START) Ice Floes; Slush; Pancake Ice; Sea Ice (FINISH) B) (START) Slush; Pancake Ice; Ice Floes; Sea Ice (FINISH) C) (START) Pancake Ice; Ice Floes; Slush; Sea Ice (FINISH) D) (START) Slush; Ice Floes; Pancake Ice; Sea Ice (FINISH) E) (START) Slush; Ice Floes; Sea Ice; Pancake Ice (FINISH)
Start; slush, pancake ice, ice floes, sea ice; finish
Which of the following is a biogenous sediment? A) Halites B) Phosphates C) Manganese nodule D) Stromatolites E) Evaporites
Stromatolites
Deep ocean trenches are associated with A) subduction zones B) rift valleys C) submarine canyons D) turbidity currents E) transform faults
Subduction zones
Which of the following is the predominant process that forms the thick blanket of sediment on abyssal plains the deep ocean floor? A) Black smokers B) Suspension settling C) Melting icebergs D) Undersea streams E) Precipitation
Suspension settling
The Himalaya mountains are an example of the ____ stage of the Wilson Cycle A) mature B) terminal C) declining D) suturing E) juvenile
Suturing
The sea floor of which of the following oceans has the simplest and most symmetric pattern of age distribution A) The Indian Ocean B) The Arctic Ocean C) The Pacific Ocean D) The Southern Ocean E) The Atlantic Ocean
The atlantic ocean
Which of the following modern seven seas was also recognized by pre-15th century europeans as one of their seven seas? A. the red sea. B. the indian ocean c. caspian sea d. black sea e. Mediterranean sea
The indian ocean
Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews determined that new ocean floor was being produced at ocean ridges by examining ________. A) the location of ancient coral reefs B) the magnetic pattern of rocks on the seafloor C) apparent polar wandering D) glacial debris at various locations E) fossils in marine sediments
The magnetic pattern of rocks on the seafloor
Alfred Wegeners continental drift hypothesis received much hostile criticism and ridicule from the scientific community because of which of the following? A) There is no evidence of past glacial activity in areas that are now tropical. B) There was no correlation of rocks found in adjacent positions on matching continents C) His correlation of fossils was false; they were different species. D) The mechanism he proposed for the movement of the continents.
The mechanism he proposed for the movement of the continents
Which of the following is most convincing piece of evidence set forth to support the concept of sea floor spreading? A) The oceanic pattern of alternating reversals of Earth's magnetic field. B) The correlation of rocks found in adjacent positions on matching continents. C) The mid-ocean ridge is entirely volcanic in origin. D) The mid-ocean ridge rises more than 2.5 kilometers above the surrounding deep-ocean floor
The oceanic pattern of alternating reversals of Earths magnetic field
Which part of earths cumalitive hypsographic curve includes the continental shelves of passive margins? A) The gentle slope above sea level B) The long and flat part below sea level C) The shallowest slope below sea level D) The steep deepest part below sea level E) The steep segment above sea level
The shallowest slope below the sea level
Which part of Earth's cumulative hypsographic curve includes linear scars in the ocean floor, caused by the collision of two plates along convergent plate margins? A) The gentle slope above sea level B) The long and flat part below sea level C) The shallowest slope below sea level D) The steep deepest part below sea level E) The steep segment above sea level
The steep deepest part below sea level
The tectonic forces called slab pull and slab suction may act in unison at which type of plate boundary? a) transform b) intraplate c) convergent d) divergent
Transform
Which of the following describes turbidity currents? A) Muddy water brought to the ocean by rivers and streams to form a delta B) Rift-valley sediments found within the depression at mid-ocean ridges C) Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and other debris D) Metal-rich deposits that form on the flanks of submarine volcanoes E) Turbid water that kills coral and other photosynthesizing creatures by blocking light
Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and other debris
Tectonic plates move about as fast as A) your fingernails grow B) a child crawls C) a snail crawls D) a river flows E) grass grows in the summer
Your finger nails grow
which of the following will cause the lowest air pressure at the surface? A) A column of cool, less dense air B) A column of cool, dense air C) A column of warm, dense air D) A column of warm, less dense air
a column of warm, less dense air
the average slope of the continental shelf is similar to the slope of which of the following? A) A soap box derby course B) A beginners ski hill C) An Olympic toboggan track D) The continental slope E) A large parking lot
a large parking lot
the barycenter follows ____ A) a pattern that parallels the Moon's orbit B) the Earth's declination C) a wavy path around the Sun D) a path that is perpendicular to the Earth's ecliptic E) a smooth orbit around the Sun
a smooth orbit around the sun
which of the following would you expect to find on a summertime beach? A) A wide, sandy berm B) A rocky terrain along the beach C) Larger, high-energy waves D) A narrow berm E) Prominent longshore bars
a wide sandy berm
Average depth of the worlds oceans is approximately a. 3682m (12 080f) b. 2172m (7162f) c. 5280m (17323f) d. 11022m (36161f) e. 840m (2756f)
a. 3682m (12080f)
Which is true concerning the deepest part of the ocean? a. depth of this trench exceeds the height of mount everest b. the deepest part of the ocean is located in a trench off the coast of Japan c. The depth of this trench is estimated at 15 000m d. The bottom of the trench has never been reached by a submersible e. the trench is called the philippine trench
a. the depth of this trench exceeds the height of mount everest
Extending from the base of the continental rises into deep ocean basins are flat deposition surfaces called ____ A) abyssal hills B) tablemounts C) continental shelves D) continental slopes E) abyssal plains
abyssal plains
the bathypelagic and ____ zones represent over 75% of the living space in oceanic province A) bathypelagic B) abyssopelagic C) nektopelagic D) mesopelagic E) epipelagic
abyssopelagic
Sharks are an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. A) active predation B) deposit C) filter D) passive predation E) photosynthetic
active predation
The sand star Astropectean is an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. A) active predation B) deposit C) filter D) passive predation E) photosynthetic
active predation
Rogue waves are created along the "Wild Coast" off the southeast coast of ________, where the Agulhas Current flows directly against large Antarctic storm wave A) Africa B) China C) South America D) Australia E) Antarctica
africa
Western intensification causes _____ A) equatorial countercurrents B) the center of the gyre to be shift to the west C) a steeper slope of surface water in the western section of the gyre as compare to the eastern section of the gyre D) very swift western boundary currents E) All of the choices are the result of westward intensification.
all of the choices are the result of westward intensification
which of the following is designed to prevent or retard shoreline erosion? A) Beach nourishment B) Seawall C) Groin D) All of these are used to try to prevent or retard shoreline erosion. E) Both the groin and seawall prevent or retard shoreline erosion.
all of these are used
the center of an open ocean tidal system is called a/an A) rotary center B) cotidal center C) amphidromic point D) seiche E) tidal flux
amphidromic point
which of the following best describes the trend in the US wetlands during this century A) An increase in coastal wetlands and an increase in freshwater wetlands B) A decrease in coastal wetlands and a decrease in freshwater wetlands C) A decrease in coastal wetlands and an increase in freshwater wetlands D) An increase in coastal wetlands and a decrease in freshwater wetlands
an increase in coastal wetlands and an increase in freshwater wetlands
one major problem associated with the chesapeake bay due to increased human pressure is ___ A) an increased salinity during particular times of the year B) salinity fluctuations due to reduced inflow from rivers C) the removal of sediments behind hydroelectric dams D) decreased tributary river flow due to increased water demand E) an increase in nutrients resulting in more frequent kills of bottom-dwelling or benthic animals
an increase in nutrients resulting in more frequent kills of bottom dwelling or benthic animals
Which of the following is not one of the reasons bioluminescence is employed by deep-sea animals? A) Counter illumination B) Warning coloration C) Attracting food D) Predator avoidance E) Communication
attracting food
Algae, plants, archaea, and photosynthetic bacteria are examples of ________ organisms. A) decomposer B) siliceous C) autotrophic D) consumer E) heterotrophic
autotrophic
in polar region oceans, primary productivity is limited by ____ A) available sunlight only B) both available sunlight and nutrient supply C) nutrient supply only D) salinity E) water temperature
available sunlight only
In middle latitude (temperate) oceans, primary productivity is limited by ________ in the fall and by ________ in the spring. A) available sunlight; nutrient supply B) available sunlight; available sunlight C) nutrient supply; available sunlight D) nutrient supply; nutrient supply
available sunlight; nutrient supply
archeological evidence suggests that boat technology was developed about ____ years ago a. 4 000 000 b 50 000 c 500 000 d 5 000
b 50 000
Prior to 1768, which of the following claimed the most human lives at sea? A) Contagious disease B) Scurvy C) Gunfire D) Shipwreck
b. scurvy
Squid swim by expelling water out a siphon to propel themselves ________. A) forward B) backward C) leftward D) rightward E) downward
backward
which of the following can help prevent beach starvation? A) Lining a river with concrete B) Damming a river C) Disrupting longshore transport D) Beach replenishment E) Sand and gravel mining
beach replenishment
which of the following occurs at the same temperature as the condensation point? A) Boiling point B) Lagrangian point C) Freezing point D) Condensation point E) Polarization point
boiling point
In middle latitude (temperate) oceans, primary productivity is limited by ________. 60) _____ A) available sunlight only B) both available sunlight and nutrient supply C) nutrient supply only D) salinity E) water temperature
both available sunlight and nutrient supply
Oceanic crust is primarily a. granite b. clay minerals c. basalt d. carbonate sedimentary rocks
c. basalt
Which of the following currents contributes to south western united states being arid? A) Brazil Current B) California Current C) North Pacific Current D) Canary Current E) North Equatorial Current
california current
Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a A) change in state B) change in subatomic structure C) change in atomic mass D) change in chemical composition E) change in molecular weight
change in state
an example of a coastal plain estuary is the ____ A) San Francisco Bay B) Chesapeake Bay C) Pamlico Sound D) Monterey Bay E) Laguna Madre
cheapeake bay
which of the following is the largest estuary in the US? A) Galveston Bay B) Pamlico Sound C) Chesapeake Bay D) Laguna Madre E) San Francisco Bay
chesapeake bay
Which of the following have gas chambers that serve as floats and sails that allow the wind to push them across the ocean surface? A) Cnidarians B) Coccolithophores C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians
cnidarians
Which of the following have soft bodies that are more than 95% water? A) Cnidarians B) Coccolithophores C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians
cnidarians
Which of the following have tentacles armed with stinging cells called nematocysts? A) Cnidarians B) Coccolithophores C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians
cnidarians
Which of the following zooplankton include the hydrozoans and the scyphozoans? A) Cnidarians B) Coccolithophores C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians
cnidarians
the zone extends inland from the shore to as far as ocean related features can be found is known as the _____ A) coastline B) wave front C) coast D) shore E) beach
coast
primary productivity data of the oceans is collected using satellites which measure ____ A) temperature B) color C) oxygen D) biomass E) radioactivity
color
the ____ of the moon determines the position of the tidal bulges on earth A) apogee B) declination C) perihelion D) ecliptic E) syzygy
declination
the angular distance of the sun or the moon above or below the earths equatorial plane is called the ____ A) perihelion B) declination C) apogee D) ecliptic E) syzygy
declination
which of the following is thought to have enriched ocean floor sediments with rare-earth elements A) Groundwater leaching B) Nodule and crust creation C) Sea floor methane seeps D) Deep-sea hotsprings E) Clathrate formation
deep sea hotsprings
Older lithosphere is destroyed in association with A) mid-ocean ridges B) hydrothermal vents C) deep-sea trenches D) spreading centers E) fracture zones
deep sea trenches
Which of the following often wind up as bycatch because fishers commonly used them to locate tuna? A) Sharks B) Birds C) Turtles D) Dolphins E) Rays
dolphins
The number of dead zones has ________ every decade from the 1960s into the twenty-first century. A) doubled B) quadrupled C) quintupled D) increased ten-fold E) tripled
doubled
Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification are examples of a. hypothesis b. observation c. guess d. law e. theory
e. theories
The canary current is an example of which type of current? A) Eastern Boundary Current B) Equatorial Counter Current C) Northern Boundary Current D) Southern Boundary Current E) Western Boundary Current
eastern boundary current
West austrailian current is an example of what type of current? A) Eastern Boundary Current B) Equatorial Counter Current C) Northern Boundary Current D) Southern Boundary Current E) Western Boundary Current
eastern boundary current
which of the following best describes hydrogen bonding? A) Weak interactions that become significant when molecules are very close together B) Very strong bonding between cations and anions C) Electrostatic attraction between charged areas of adjacent molecules D) Very strong bonding from the sharing of electrons between atoms E) Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
electrostatic attraction between charged areas of adjacent moleculess
An organism such as a fish whose body temperature is nearly the same as the environment is referred to as ________. A) endothermic B) poikilothermic C) homeothermic D) warm-blooded
endothermic
which of the following terms best describes organisms living on the surface of the sea floor moving along the bottom? A) Benthonektos B) Epifauna C) Infauna D) Nektobenthos E) Planktofauna
epifauna
Which of the following marine resources is used to make wallboard or sheet rock A) Evaporative salts B) Sand and gravel C) Phosphorite D) Manganese nodules E) Sediments rich in tin
evaporative salts
which of the following marine resources is used to make wallboard or sheet rock? A) Evaporative salts B) Sand and gravel C) Phosphorite D) Manganese nodules E) Sediments rich in tin
evaporative salts
During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean ___ A) flow from sea to land and are wet B) flow from land to sea and are wet C) flow from land to sea and are dry D) flow from sea to land and are dry E) the direction of airflow is unchanged but precipitation increases
flow from land to see and are dry
Most high-speed fish use their caudal fins ________. A) for swim propulsion B) primarily as stabilizers C) to hold onto prey D) to increase the surface area E) to turn, brake, and balance
for swim propulsion
Which of the following produce a hard test made of calcium carbonate that is segmented or chambered, with a prominent opening in one end? A) Coccolithophores B) Copepods C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians
foraminifers
the part of the shore that is exposed at low tide and submerged at high tide is known as the ____ A) backshore B) foreshore C) nearshore D) offshore E) shoreline
foreshore
the section of the coast that is exposed at low tide and submerged at high tide is called the ____ A) nearshore B) foreshore C) backshore D) shoreline E) offshore
foreshore
The observation of a hill of water within all subtropical gyres is an example of which of the following? A) Equatorial upwelling B) Western intensification C) Subtropical convergence D) Geostrophic current E) Eastern intensification
geostrophic current
most marine animals have specially designed fibrous respiratory organs called _____ that exchange oxygen and co2 directly with seawater A) bladder B) lungs C) lobesD) gills E) osmosis
gills
deep water circulation brings dense, cold, oxygen rich water from the surface to the deep ocean because of ____ A) greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water B) greater rates of photosynthesis in deep water C) increases in pH with depth D) decreases in pH with depth E) greater volcanic out-gassing at the ocean surfac
greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water
Red muscle tissue in fish supplies a much ________ amount of oxygen and supports a much ________ metabolic rate than white tissue. A) greater; higher B) lesser; lower C) greater; lower D) lesser; higher
greater; higher
Dead Man's Fingers is a kind of which of the following types of algae? A) Brown algae B) Green algae C) Purple algae D) Red algae E) Yellow algae
green algae
in terms or erosion protection from wave action, seawalls _____ A) are cost effective B) lead to erosion of sediment on their seaward sides C) result in a more gradual seaward slope of beaches D) require very little maintenance E) are permanent and thus never need to be replaced
lead to erosion of sediment on their seaward sides
Which of the following types of caudal fins is found on fast-cruising fish such as tuna, marlin, and swordfish? A) Forked caudal fin B) Heterocercal caudal fin C) Lunate caudal fin D) Rounded caudal fin E) Truncate caudal fin
lunate caudal fin
Which of the following fast-swimming fish has the lowest body temperature? A) Bonito (Sarda) B) Mackerel (Scomber) C) Bluefin tuna (Thynnus) D) Yellowtail (Seriola) E) Moonfish Opah (Lampris guttatus)
mackerel (scomber)
which of the following is the least frequent cause of a tsunami in recent centuries? A) Fault movement B) Landslides C) Volcanic eruptions D) Meteorite impacts
meteorite impacts
which of the following is the standard unit of ocean depth? A) Mile B) Meter C) Fathom D) Foot E) League
meters
Which of the following terms describes organisms that live on the bottom yet also have the ability to swim or crawl through the water above the ocean floor? A) Benthonektos B) Epifauna C) Infauna D) Nektobenthos E) Planktofauna
nektobenthos
octopuses, crabs, and sea urchins are classified as which of the following? A) Benthonektos B) Epifauna C) Infauna D) Nektobenthos E) Planktofauna
nektobenthos
The sargasso sea is the water that circulates around the rotation center of the ____ gyre A) North Pacific B) Indian Ocean C) North Atlantic D) South Atlantic E) South Pacific
north atlantic
the polar easterly wind blows in which of the following directions in the northern hemisphere? A) From northeast to southwest B) From northwest to southeast C) From southeast to northwest D) From southwest to northeast
northeast to southwest
on annual basis which of hte following fluxes between reservoirs of the hydrologic cycle is the largest? A) Atmosphere to ocean B) Continent to atmosphere C) Atmosphere to continent D) Ocean to atmosphere E) Continent to ocean
ocean to atmosphere
The Peru Chile Trench is an example of ____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental divergent B) an oceanic transform C) an oceanic-oceanic divergent D) an oceanic-oceanic convergent E) an oceanic-continental convergent
oceanic continental convergent
which of the following resources found in ocean sediments has the greatest economic value? A) Sand and gravel B) Gas hydrates C) Petroleum D) Manganese nodules and crusts E) Rare-earth elements
petroleum
the process by which energy is derived from solar radiation that is used by certain organisms to form organic matter is called _____ A) upwelling B) photosynthesis C) visible light D) chemosynthesis E) biomass
photosynthesis
which of the following types of plankton can photosynthesize and produce its own food? A) Holoplankton B) Photoplankton C) Synthoplankton D) Phytoplankton E) Zooplankton
phyoplankton
all organisms that drift with ocean currents are classified as ____ A) plantae B) plankton C) benthos D) nekton E) fungi
plankton
the coriolis effect is due to changes in the _____ of earth with latitude A) temperature B) chemical composition C) pressure D) density E) velocity
pressure
Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly? A) Anchored buoys B) Radar altimeters C) Doppler flow meters D) Radio-transmitting float bottles E) Pressure gradients
radio-transmitting float bottles
which of the following is a zoo plankton? A) Virioplankton B) Coccolithophores C) Diatoms D) Dinoflagellates E) Radiolarian
radiolarian
china currently supplies about 90% of which of the following resources A) Rare-earth elements B) Gas hydrates C) Manganese nodules and crusts D) Phosphorite E) Sand and grave
rare earth elements
Which of the following is not a problem currently facing fisheries management? 100) ____ A) The environmental degradation of many ecosystems B) Restrictions on the number of new fishing vessels C) Inadequate guidance for minimally regulated new fisheries D) That fishing limits are difficult to enforce internationally E) Fisheries often encompass the waters of many different countries
restrictions on the number of new fishing vessels
catchs above the max sustainable yield _____ A) result in overfishing B) can be increased to prevent overfishing C) result in increased populations of the target species D) produce decreased fishing effort E) result in underutilization of the target species
result in overfishing
the maximum tidal range happens during ____ tides A) fall B) neap C) spring D) summer E) winter
spring
there is constructive interference between the lunar and solar tidal bulges during ____ tides A) fall B) neap C) spring D) summer E) winter
spring
Identify the mismatched pair. A) Squid—Annelid B) Arrow worm—Chaetognath C) Physalia—Cnidarian D) Krill—Crustacea E) Sea gooseberry—Ctenophore
squid -- annelid
Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris are _____ A) coral deposits B) turbidity currents C) graded bedding D) white smokers E) deep sea fans
turbidity currents
spring tide occurs about ____ A) twice per year B) once per year C) once per month D) twice per month E) once per season
twice per month
A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 170 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
two
the bay of fundy is well known for which tidal characteristic? A) A diurnal tide B) Very low tidal range C) Two amphidromic points D) Very large seiche E) Very high tidal rang
very high tidal range
the depth below the surface where the circular orbits become so small that movement is negligible is called the ____ A) wave height B) wave frequency C) wave period D) wave base E) waveform
wave base
the circular motion of water molecules extends to a depth that is equal to _____ A) wavelength/wave height B) wavelength/2 C) wavelength/20 D) wave height/wave period E) wave height/wavelength
wavelength/ 2
the new mood is immediately followed by the _____ phase of the lunar cycle A) Waning gibbous B) Waxing crescent C) Waxing gibbous D) Waning crescent E) Full Moon
waxing crescent
the euophotic zone in the open ocean extends from the surface down to approximately ____ A) one kilometer B) 20 meters C) one to two kilometers D) 100 meters E) two to three kilometers
100 meters
most fish need a minimum of _____ parts per million of dissolved oxygen in seawater to survive for long periods A) 4 B) 0.4 C) 4,000D) 400 E) 40
4
what is the speed in meters per second of a deep water wave with a wavelength of 6.5 meters A) 13.05 meters per second B) 33.28 meters per second C) 3.98 meters per second D) 3.19 meters per second E) 5.76 meters per second
3.19 meters
the average salinity of typical seawater is ____ A) 2.0% B) 10% C) 0.35% D) 3.5% E) 25%
3.5%
The trade winds occur in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
30 degrees
Scientists currently have documented the existence of more than ________ dead zones worldwide. A) 300 B) 500 C) 200 D) 100 E) 400
500
The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the: a. atlantic, pacific, indian, southern, arctic b. atlantic, antarctic, southern, mediterranean, pacific c. antarctic, arctic, indian, pacific, southern d. antarctic, caspian, southern, indian, pacific e. atlantic, arctic, mediterranean, southern, pacific
A. Atlantic, pacific, indian, southern, arctic
The mechanism by which populations evolve and new species develop is called A) natural selection B) adaptation C) descent with modification D) intelligent design E) evolution
A. Natural selection
The first recorded circumnavigation of Africa was made by the; a. Phoenicians b Chinese c. Greeks d Polynesians
A. Phoenicians
which of the following kingdoms contains species that range in complexity from simple sponge to complex vertebrae A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Animalia
Animalia
ccording to the fossil record on Earth, the earliest-known life-forms lived in sea floor rocks about 3.5 ________ years ago. A) million B) thousand C) billion D) trillion
Billion
which of the following is found at a depositional shore? A) Sea caves B) Wave-cut cliffs C) Headlands D) Sea arches E) Deltas
Deltas
Who was killed in the Phillipines during his last sea voyage after a skirmish with local people? A) James Cook B) Vasco da Gama C) Prince Henry the Navigator D) Ferdinand Magellan E) Giovanni Caboto
Ferdinand Magellan
Based on the physical properties earth consists of __ layers a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2
Five
The study of the structure of the sea floor and how the sea floor has changed through time is an example of ____ oceanography a. chemical b. geological c. physical d. archeaological e. biological
Geological
Earths second atmosphere formed from A) comet vaporization B) outgassing C) the Sun's solar wind D) leftover gases from the nebula
Leftover gasses from the nebula
Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seaflor through the water column and are ____ A) less than 30% neritic material B) more than 30% neritic material C) more than 30% hydrogenous material D) more than 30% biogenous material E) less than 30% biogenous material
Less than 30% biogenous material
Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or island is called A) biogenous sediment B) hydrogenous sediment C) cosmogenous sediment D) lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
Lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics? A) Low pressure and warmer temperatures B) Low pressure and colder temperatures C) Lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures D) Lots of carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures E) Low carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures
Lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures
a boundary or bely characterized by cold deserts occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
Poles (90 degrees)
Which of the following is the predominant process that forms the metallic minerals in and around black smokers? A) Precipitation B) Turbidity currents C) Undersea streams D) Melting icebergs E) Suspension settling
Precipitation
The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid ocean ridge is A) shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain B) abyssal plain, shelf, slope, rise C) rise, abyssal plain, slope, shelf D) slope, rise, shelf, abyssal plain E) abyssal plain, rise, slope, shelf
Shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain
Which ocean is the deepest ocean in the world? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Southern Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean
The pacific ocean
Which ocean is the single largest geographic feature on the planet? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Southern Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean
The pacific ocean
Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries A) Fracture zones B) Hot spots C) Andesitic volcanoes D) Mid-ocean ridges E) Volcanic island arcs
Volcanic island arcs
the ocean floor of the ____ zone is covered by soft oceanic sediment, primarily clay A) abyssal B) bathyal C) hadal D) littoral E) subneriti
abyssal
the main current in antarctic waters is the ___ current A) Antarctic Circumpolar B) Malvinas C) South Equatorial D) Benguela E) South Australian
antarctic circumpolar
when the earth is at its greatest distance from the sun it is said to be at _____ A) perigee B) apogee C) perihelion D) proxigean E) aphelion
aphelion
Which of the following domains is a group of simple, microscopic, bacteria-like creatures that includes methane producers and sulfur oxidizers that inhabit deep-sea vents and seeps? A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya
archaea
which of the following hydrologic cycle reservoirs is the smallest? A) Streams and lakes B) World ocean C) Groundwater and soil moisture D) Atmospheric water vapor E) Ice caps, glaciers, and snow
atmospheric water vapor
Recent work by taxonomists at the World Register of Marine Species has eliminated how many previously listed species because they were duplicate identities? A) Between 100,000 and 150,000 B) Between 200,000 and 250,000 C) Between 250,000 and 300,000 D) Between 150,000 and 200,000 E) More than 300,000
between 150 000 and 200 000
which of the following is a western boundary current? A) California Current B) Peru Current C) Benguela Current D) Brazil Current E) Canary Current
brazil current
compared to western boundary currents, eastern boundary currents are ____ A) shallow and swift B) narrow and deep C) deep and swift D) broad and deep E) broad and slow
broad and slow
Earth is about a. 6 000 years old b. 40 billion years old c. 4,6 billion years old d. 400 000 years old
c 4.6 billion
Polar bears are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
carnivora
Sea lions are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
carnivora
which of the following is the most specific taxonomic grouping shared by humans and common dolphins? A) Phylum B) Species C) Order D) Genus E) Family
class
which of the following is the most specific taxonomic grouping shared by humans and killer whales? A) Phylum B) Species C) Order D) Genus E) Family
class
Jellies are an example of which of the following? A) Cnidarians B) Coccolithophores C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians
cnidarians
The "Portuguese man-of-war" is an example of which of the following? A) Cnidarians B) Coccolithophores C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians
cnidarians
the boundary between the shore and the coast is known as the _____ A) coastline B) wave front C) coast D) shore E) beach
coastline
The Canadian government declared which of the following completely off-limits to fishing in 2003? A) Halibut B) Haddock C) Flounder D) Cod E) Herring
cod
which of the following occurs at the same temperature as the boiling point? A) Boiling point B) Lagrangian point C) Freezing point D) Condensation point E) Polarization point
condensation point
Bacteriovores, carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores are types of ________ organisms. A) producer B) siliceous C) decomposer D) autotrophic E) consumer
consumer
Where are the deepest portions of the worlds oceans found? A) At the intraplate abyssal plains B) At submarine canyons C) At convergent plate boundaries D) At divergent plate boundaries E) At transform plate boundaries
convergent plate boundaries
which of the following parcels of air would have the lowest density? A) Warm dry air B) Cool moist air C) Cool dry air D) Warm moist air
cool dry air
Which of the following compose the majority of the ocean's zooplankton biomass? A) Coccolithophores B) Copepods C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarian
copepods
which of the following are high energy charged particles, originating in outer space? A) Ultraviolet Radiation B) X-rays C) Visible Light D) Gamma Rays E) Cosmic Rays
cosmic rays
in the troposphere, air temperatures ____ A) are constant with decreasing altitude B) increase with increasing altitude C) decrease with increasing altitude D) decrease with decreasing altitude
decrease with increasing altitude
Some planktonic marine organisms produce a tiny droplet of oil to ________ density and ________ buoyancy A) decrease; increase B) increase; increase C) increases; decrease D) decrease; decrease E) There is no relationship between density and buoyancy
decrease; increase
an increase in seawater density can be caused by a _____ in temperature or a/an ____ in salinity A) increase; decrease B) decrease; increase C) decrease; decrease D) increase; increase
decrease; increase
the density curve for high latitudes shows ____ density at the surface and ____ density at depth A) increased, increased B) decreased, decreased C) decreased, increased D) increased, decreased
decreased; increased
deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ____ and caused by ____ A) wind; the Coriolis effect and land B) density differences; the Coriolis effect and land C) density differences; differences in salinity and temperature D) latitude; differences in salinity and land E) wind; gravity and density
density differences, differences in salinity and temperature
oceanic ridges and rises result from seafloor spreding along A) divergent plate boundaries B) convergent and transform plate boundaries C) convergent plate boundaries D) convergent and divergent plate boundaries E) transform plate boundaries
divergent plate boundaries
conditions for the development of wave energy are most optimal along ____ shores in the ____ hemisphere A) eastern; Southern B) western; Northern C) eastern; Northern D) western; Southern
eastern; northern
a boundary or belt characterized by light variable winds, abundant cloudiness and much precipitation occurs of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)
earths breeding ground for hurricanes occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
equatorial (0-5 degrees)
the north equatorial current is an example of what type of current?
equatorial current
A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via A) fecal pellets B) wind C) precipitation D) carbonate dissolution E) deposit feeders
fecal pellets
the height of a wave depends upon _____ A) wind duration and wind speed B) wind duration C) fetch D) fetch and wind speed E) fetch, wind duration, and wind speed
fetch, wind duration, and wind speed
Baleen whales are an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. A) active predation B) deposit C) filter D) passive predation E) photosynthetic
filter
Barnacles are an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. A) active predation B) deposit C) filter D) passive predation E) photosynthetic
filter
Clams are an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. A) active predation B) deposit C) filter D) passive predation E) photosynthetic
filter
which of the following methods are used to measure deep ocean currents directly? A) Radio-transmitting float bottles B) Accidental spills from container ships C) Free-drifting Argo floats D) Propeller flow meters E) Radar altimeters
free drifting argo floats
which of the following occurs at the same temperature as the melting point? A) Boiling point B) Lagrangian point C) Freezing point D) Condensation point E) Polarization point
freezing point
which of the following kingdoms includes 100,00 species of mold and lichen? A) Animalia B) Archaebacteria C) Eubacteria D) Fungi E) Plantae
fungi
Refraction causes headlands to be areas of _____ surfing and sites of ____ A) poor; deposition B) good; erosion C) poor; erosion D) good; deposition
good; erosion
In general, polar neritic sediment tends to have more A) shell fragments than in temperate waters B) coral debris than in tropical waters C) clay than in temperate waters D) silt and sand than in tropical waters E) gravel than in tropical waters
gravel than in tropical waters
the attraction between earth and the moon is an example of ____ force A) magnetic B) resultant C) gravitational D) tectonic E) electrical
gravitational
which of the following coasts is an example of diurnal tidal pattern? A) East Coast of The United States B) Gulf of Mexico C) West Coast of Africa D) West Coast of South America E) West Coast of The United States
gulf of mexico
coastal wetlands are characterized by _____ A) low levels of organic matter in the tidal zone and oxygen-rich muds B) high levels of inorganic matter in the tidal zone and anoxic muds C) high levels of organic matter in the tidal zone and oxygen-rich muds D) high levels of inorganic matter in the tidal zone and oxygen-rich muds E) high levels of organic matter in the tidal zone and oxygen-poor muds
high levels of organic matter in the tidal zone and oxygen poor muds
Water can pile up a short distance above a containers rim due to ____ A) high surface tension B) high viscosity C) low viscosity D) low surface tension E) strong covalent bonds
high surface tension
Rock salt (halite) is example of which sediment type? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
hydrogenous sediment
Maganese nodules are an example of A) biogenous sediments B) cosmogenous sediments C) hydrogenous sediments D) volcagenic sediments E) terrigenous sediments
hydrogenous sediments
the transfer of water between the atmosphere, oceans, and the continents is known as the A) hydrobiological cycle B) meteorological cycle C) geologic cycle D) hydrologic cycle E) closed cycle
hydrologic cycle
As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, its wave height _____ A) increases and its frequency decreases B) increases and its wavelength decreases C) decreases and its steepness decreases D) decreases and its wavelength increases E) increases and its wavelength remains the same
increased and its wavelength decreases
atoms that have lost or gained one or more electrons are called A) ions B) molecules C) neutrons D) electrons E) protons
ions
an example of a bar built estuary is A) San Francisco Bay B) Chesapeake Bay C) Pamlico Sound D) Monterey Bay E) Laguna Madre
laguna madre
compared to a typical estuary, which of the following exhibits that exact opposite circulation pattern? A) San Francisco Bay B) Laguna Madre C) Chesapeake Bay D) Pamlico Sound E) Galveston Bay
laguna madre
The caudal fin of fast-cruising fish such as tuna is ________. A) lunate B) truncate C) forked D) heterocercal E) rounded
lunate
which of the following is the second most abundant positively charged component of seawater A) Calcium B) Chloride C) Magnesium D) Sodium E) Sulfate
magnesium
the total number of cataloged species on earth in both marine and terrestrial environments is current 1.8 _____ A) million B) billion C) quadrillion D) thousand E) trillion
million
which of the following occurs during light wave activity? A) A net movement of sand down the beach face B) Much of the swash soaks into the beach C) The beach is saturated with water from previous waves D) A backward movement of sand along the beach face E) Backwash dominates the transport system
much of the swash soaks into the beach
Which of the following animals uses an external shell as a rigid gas container to achieve neutral buoyancy? A) Spirula B) Sea Bass C) Grouper D) Nautilus E) Sepia
nautilus
Subatomic particles with a neutral charge are called A) ions B) molecules C) neutrons D) electrons E) protons
neutrons
In low latitude (tropical) oceans, primary productivity is limited by ________. A) available sunlight only B) both available sunlight and nutrient supply C) nutrient supply only D) salinity E) water temperature
nutrient supply only
when does sand accumulate during heavy wave activity? A) Beneath the breakers B) Along the beach face C) Behind the dunes D) Offshore sand bars E) In the berm
offshore sand bars
The process of water molecules moving through semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution is called ________. A) convection B) diffusion C) osmosis D) mixing E) conduction
osmosis
which of the following methods cannot be used to desalinate water? A) Distillation B) Osmosis C) Electrolysis D) Reverse osmosis E) Freeze separation
osmosis
The movement of a substance in solution from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane in a living organism is called ________. A) diffusion B) osmosis C) passive transport D) active transport E) Brownian movement
passive transport
Which set of fins is used for turning and braking? A) Anal and caudal B) Caudal and dorsal C) Anal and dorsal D) Caudal and pelvic E) Pectoral and pelvic
pectoral and pelvic
the relative productivity in the worlds oceans from most productive to least productive is ____ A) polar waters, tropical waters, temperate waters B) temperate waters, tropical waters, polar waters C) tropical waters, temperate waters, polar waters D) polar waters, temperate waters, tropical waters E) temperate waters, polar waters, tropical waters
polar waters, temperate waters, tropical waters
which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly? A) Radar altimeters B) Pressure gradients C) Propeller flow meters D) Doppler flow meters E) Anchored buoys
propeller flow meters
which of the following kingdoms include various types of marine alge and single celled organisms called porotzoa? A) Protista B) Archaebacteria C) Eubacteria D) Fungi E) Plantae
protista
subatomic particles with a positive charge are called A) ions B) molecules C) neutrons D) electrons E) protons
protons
Modification of ________ have reduced dolphin mortality as bycatch. A) drift nets B) long lines C) purse seine nets D) lobster traps E) gill nets
purse seine nets
Which of the following types of algae is the most abundant and widespread of the marine macroscopic algae? A) Brown algae B) Green algae C) Purple algae D) Red algae E) Yellow algae
red algae
Phosphate rich nodules form in A) hydrothermal vent areas B) mid-ocean ridges C) continental shelf waters D) estuaries E) regions of upwelling
regions of upwelling
which of the following results in the growth of coastal wetlands? A) Industrial development B) Reintroduction of coastal vegetation C) Coastal housing D) Removal of mangroves E) Agriculture
reintroduction of coastal vegetation
a beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0 degrees, what happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added? A) The temperature pattern cannot be predicted. B) It immediately begins to rise slowly. C) It rises slowly until it reaches 32°C, and then it remains constant as the ice melts. D) It remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise. E) It rises rapidly as the ice melts.
remains constant until the ice melts, and the it begins to rise
the part of the shore that represents the waters edge and migrates back and forth with the tide is known as the ____ A) backshore B) foreshore C) nearshore D) offshore E) shoreline
shoreline
the covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule forms as the result of the A) viscosity of water B) surface tension of water C) polarity of water molecules D) sharing of electrons between the atoms E) transfer of electrons between the atoms
sharing of electrons between atoms
Which of the following animals compensates for not having a swim bladder by using large and flat pectoral fins and an asymmetrical caudal fin to produce lift? A) Shark B) Nautilus C) Spirula D) Tuna E) Sepia
shark
Which of the following animals uses a very large, oil rich liver to help reduce their density and float more easily? A) Shark B) Sepia C) Spirula D) Nautilus E) Tuna
shark
Dugongs are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
sirenia
Manatees are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
sirenia
the trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the southern hemisphere? A) From northeast to southwest B) From northwest to southeast C) From southeast to northwest D) From southwest to northeast
southeast to northwest
in the southern hemisphere the coastal geostrophic current curves ____ on the western coast A) northward B) southward C) westward D) eastward
southward
the prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the northern hemisphere? A) From northeast to southwest B) From northwest to southeast C) From southeast to northwest D) From southwest to northeast
southwest to northeast
the fundamental unit of taxonimic classification is the ____ A) Phylum B) Species C) Order D) Genus E) Family
species
organisms that cannot withstand large changes in temperature are referred to as _____ A) stenothermal B) eurythermal C) estuarine D) isothermal E) euryhaline
stenothermal
The largest loss of life from a hurricane is usually due to ____ A) intense precipitation B) high winds C) storm surge D) low atmospheric pressure
storm surge
which of the following is responsible for 90% of the deaths associated with hurricanes? A) Fflooding B) Landslides C) Storm surge D) Strong winds E) Fallen trees
storm surge
which type of breaker forms waves the present the greatest challenge to body surfers? A) Plunging breaker B) Spilling breaker C) Standing breaker D) Surging breaker E) Swelling breaker
surging breaker
which type of breaker forms when the ocean bottom has an abrupt slope? A) Plunging breaker B) Spilling breaker C) Standing breaker D) Surging breaker E) Swelling breaker
surging breaker
which of the following best defines heat capacity? A) The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. B) The direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance's molecules. C) The energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold molecules in place. D) The energy transfer from one body to another due to a difference in temperature. E) Weak interactions that become significant when molecules are very close tog
the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree
low pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate ____ A) at a 45° angle from the prevailing wind direction B) to the right C) clockwise D) counterclockwise E) to the left
to the right
which of the following caused the tsunami at Krakatau in 1883? A) Meteorite impact B) Fault movement C) Volcanic eruption D) Landslide
volcanic eruption
which of the following is not one of the names associated with huge rotating masses of low pressure characterized by strong winds and torrential rain? A) Hurricane B) Cyclone C) Typhoon D) Vortex
vortex
the full moon is immediately followed by the ___ phase of the lunar cycle A) Waning gibbous B) Waxing gibbous C) Waning crescent D) New Moon E) Waxing crescent
waning gibbous
the air in the center of the eye of the hurricane is _____ air moving _____ A) warm moist; upward B) warm moist; downward C) cool dry; downward D) cool dry; upward
warm moist; downward??
the air surrounding of the eye of the hurricane is _____ air moving ____ A) warm moist; upward B) warm moist; downward C) cool dry; downward D) cool dry; upward
warm moist; upward
the speed of a shallow water wave is proportional to ______ A) wave period B) wave height C) wavelength D) water depth E) wave frequency
water depth
wave celerity is equal to ____ A) wave height divided by frequency B) wavelength divided by period C) wavelength divided by frequency D) wavelength divided by fetch E) wave height divided by period
wavelength divided by period
the largest wind generated waves tend to be associated with the ____ A) westerlies B) trade winds C) horse latitudes D) equatorial doldrums E) polar regions
westerlies
which of the following is not one of the reasons why water is considered a universal solvent? A) When the ions separate, they become attracted to identically charged water molecules. B) Water molecules reduce the attraction between ions of opposite charges. C) Water molecules interact with other water molecules and other polar molecules. D) Water molecules makes it much easier for ions to separate. E) Water molecules stick to other polar chemical compounds
when ions separate they become attracted to identically charged water molecules
nekton are restricted to particular ocean areas by ___ A) differences in water pressure with depth B) changes in salinity C) temperature variations with latitude and depth D) availability of food E) All of the above conditions may restrict the distribution of nekton.
all of the above
Earths atmosphere became oxygen rich about 2.45 ____ years ago a. trillion. b. billion c. million d. thousand
billion
the high parts of waves are called A) tops B) hills C) crests D) breakers E) bumps
crests
a layer of rapidly changing temperature with depth is called a A) halocline B) lysocline C) pycnocline D) syncline E) thermocline
thermocline
equatorial currents are driven by the ____ A) Coriolis force B) trade winds C) density D) Ekman transport E) westerlies
trade winds
the low parts of the waves are called ____ A) hollows B) holesC) bottoms D) troughs E) breakers
troughs
a tidal current can produce a rapidly spinning body of water called a vortex or _____ A) shoal B) whirlpool C) flood current D) ebb current E) tidal bore
whirlpool
In 2003 the world fishing fleet spent over ________ billion to catch $80 billion worth of fish. A) $140 B) $100 C) $60 D) $80 E) $120
$120
How many holes have been drilled into the sea floor using drill ship to collect cores for scientific study? A) Less than 500 B) 500 to 1000 C) 1000 to 1500 D) 1500 to 2000 E) More than 2000
...
A deep water wave occurs when the water depth is equal to at least A) 1/2 of the wavelength B) wave height C) wavelength D) 1/20 of the wavelength E) the fetch
1/2 of the wavelength
When nutrients are not limiting productivity, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen to phosphorus in the tissues of algae is in the proportion of ________ (C:N:P). A) 106:106:1 B) 16:106:01 C) 16:16:01 D) 106:16:16 E) 106:16:01
106:16:01
in the open ocean, 1 wave in _____ will be over 3 times as high as the height of the wave average A) 23 B) 300,000 C) 50,000 D) 75 E) 1175
1175
the current number of documented marine species represent about ____ of all known species on earth A) 30% B) 21% C) 26% D) 13% E) 17%
13%
maximum tides occur once every ____ years when earth is closest to the sun, the moon is closest to the earth and the earth moon sun system is aligned A) 3300 B) 160 C) 16000 D) 1600 E) 16
16000
What is the speed in m/s of a deep water wave with a wavelength of 3 meters? A) 8.87 meters per second B) 4.68 meters per second C) 2.7 meters per second D) 3.91 meters per second E) 2.17 meters per second
2.17m
what is the speed in m/s of a deep water wave with a wavelength of 1.5m A) 2.77 meters per second B) 2.34 meters per second C) 7.68 meters per second D) 0.98 meters per second E) 1.53 meters per second
2.34 m/s
what is the speed in meters per second of a deep water wave with a wavelength of 3.5 meters? A) 2.34 meters per second B) 5.46 meters per second C) 4.23 meters per second D) 2.92 meters per second E) 1.5 meters per second
2.34meters
what is the speed in meters per second of a deep water wave with a wavelength of 4 meters? A) 3.12 meters per second B) 2.5 meters per second C) 20.48 meters per second D) 6.24 meters per second E) 4.52 meters per second
2.5 meters
what is the speed in meters per second of a deep water wave with a wavelength of 5 meters? A) 2.8 meters per second B) 7.8 meters per second C) 1.79 meters per second D) 3.49 meters per second E) 11.45 meters per secon
2.8 meters
in the open ocean, 1 wave in _____ will be over twice the height of the wave average A) 23 B) 300,000 C) 50,000 D) 75 E) 1175
23
earths axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of ____ A) 45° B) 180° C) 23.5° D) 0° E) 90
23.5 degrees
the 24-unit tidal power plant at the la race river estuary in france can generate at peak operating capacity enough electricity to power about ___ average US homes A) 50,000 B) 60,000 C) 30,000 D) 40,000 E) 24,000
24 000
a full lunar tidal cycle is duration A) 24 hours and 50 minutes in duration B) 48 hours in duration C) 24 hours in duration D) 12 hours 25 minutes in duration E) 12 hours in duration
24 hours and 50 minutes
On average, close to ________ percent of the commercial catch is discarded as bycatch. A) 15 B) 20 C) 10 D) 50 E) 25
25
Recent research has indicated that about ________ percent of seafood sold with a sustainable label is not meeting the criteria of sustainability. A) 25 B) 15 C) 10 D) 20 E) 50
25
Sea surface salinity is greatest at which of the following latitudes? A) 25 degrees B) 5 degrees C) 65 digress D) 45 degrees E) 85 degrees
25 degrees
A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 190 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
3
Based on chemical composition Earth consists of __ layers a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 b. 5
3
a boundary or belt characterized by light, variable winds, dry, clear, fair weather with little precipitation occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
30 degrees
the horse latitudes boundary occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
30 degrees
the major deserts of the world occur in which of the following regions A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
30 degrees
a boundary or belt characterized by winds generally from the west and brings storms that influence weather across the US occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
30 to 60 degrees
storms are most common in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
30 to 60 degrees
the prevailing westerlies occur in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
30 to 60 degrees
in the open ocean, 1 wave in ____ will be four times as high as the height of the wave average A) 23 B) 300,000 C) 50,000 D) 75 E) 1175
300 000
A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 220 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
4
A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 260 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
5
Waves from separate sea areas move away as swell and produce an interference pattern when they come together. If Sea A has wave heights of 1.5 meters and Sea B has wave heights of 3.5 meters, what would be the height of waves resulting from constructive interference? A) 5.25 meters B) 6 meters C) 3.5 meters D) 1.5 meters E) 5 meters
5 meters with constructive just add the 2 numbers together
a boundary or belt characterized by strong, steady winds, generally from the easy occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
5 to 30 degrees
Fossil discoveries indicate that whales evolved from mammals on land about ________ million years ago. A) 50 B) 90 C) 60 D) 80 E) 70
50
an estimated ____ of wetlands worldwide have been destroyed in the past century A) 80% B) 90% C) 60% D) 50% E) 70%
50%
the percentage of the original area of wetlands currently left in the US is approximately _____ A) 25% B) 10% C) 50% D) 65% E) 75%
50%
If you are standing at 28 degrees north latitude, you will experience a high tide when the Moon is directly overhead. When will low tide occur? A) Twelve solar hours later B) Twenty-four lunar hours later C) Six lunar hours later D) Twelve lunar hours later E) Six solar hours later
6 lunar hours later
the most likely total number of species on earth is estimated to be between A) 6 and 12 million B) 600 and 900 million C) 12 and 40 million D) 1 and 2 billion E) 100 and 200 million
6-12 million
a boundary or belt characterized by variable winds and stormy, cloudy weather year round occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
60 degrees
the polar easterlies occur in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
60 degrees
the polar front occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
60 degrees
a boundary or bet characterized by cold, dry winds generally from the east, occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
60 to 90 degrees
the percentage of biomass regularly decomposed within the euphotic zone is about _____ A) 30% B) 1% C) 10% D) 50% E) 90%
90%
what percent of the oceans biomass relies either directly or indirectly on organic matter supplied by photosynthetic primary productivity A) 98.50% B) 99.90% C) 99.50% D) 100% E) 98.00%
99.9%
Which of the following is an example of an oceanic oceanic convergent plate boundary? A) East Pacific Rise B) San Andreas Fault C) Aleutian Islands D) Red Sea E) Mendocino Fault
Aluetian Islands
The first person to advance the idea of mobile continents or continental drift was A) Alfred Wegener B) John Tuzo Wilson C) Frederick Vine D) Harry Hess E) Drummond Matthews
A. Alfred Wegener
Oceanic crust is predominantly composed of the igneous rocked called A) basalt B) anorthosite C) peridotite D) granite E) tonalite
A. Basalt
Radioactive materials can sometimes be used to determine the A) ages of rocks B) formation method C) metamorphism D) origin of rocks E) chemical composition of rocks
A. ages of rocks
One of the reasons that free oxygen in our atmosphere is important to the development and maintenance of life on earth is because oxygen A) can form ozone and block some UV radiation B) was very abundant in Earth's early atmosphere C) combines with iron in volcanic rocks D) reduces atmospheric temperature E) is necessary for photosynthesis to occur
A. can form ozone and block some UV radiation
Stromatolites are an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
Biogenous sediment
The most likely place to find abundant maganese nodules is on the _____ A) continental rise B) crest of a mid-ocean ridge C) abyssal plain far from a continent D) continental shelf
Abyssal plain far from a continent
Which of the following statements about the pacific ocean is true? A) The Pacific Ocean is about three times larger than the next largest ocean. B) The Pacific Ocean covers more than two-thirds of the ocean surface area on Earth. C) The Pacific Ocean spans more than one-half of Earth's entire surface. D) The Pacific Ocean is the second largest geographic feature on the planet. E) All of the continents could fit into the space occupied by the Pacific Ocean.
All of the continents could fit into the space occupied by the Pacific Ocean
An internal wave might form A) at a density boundary within the ocean B) only as a result of tidal activity C) at the boundary between the atmosphere and the ocean D) at the boundary between the ocean and the seafloor E) close to shore as it moves into shallow water
An internal wave might form at a density boundary within the ocean
Which of the following is an example of oceanic continental convergent plate boundary? A) East Pacific Rise B) San Andreas Fault C) Aleutian Islands D) Red Sea E) Mendocino Fault
Andes Mountains
which of the following is characteristic of ocean-continental convergent plate boundaries A) Fracture zones B) Hot spots C) Andesitic volcanoes D) Mid-ocean ridges E) Volcanic island arcs
Andesitic volcanoes
According to the fossil record on Earth, the earliest-known life-forms were primitive ________. A) plants B) bacteria C) shells D) reptiles
Bacteria
which of the following is the only current that completely circumscribes earth? A) South Australian B) Benguela C) Malvinas D) Antarctic Circumpolar E) South Equatorial
Antarctic circumpolar
The arrangement of water masses in the southern atlantic ocean from the surface to the bottom is A) Antarctic Bottom Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic Deep Water B) Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water C) North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water D) Antarctic Intermediate Water, Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water E) North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water, Antarctic Bottom Water
Antarctic intermediate water, north atlantic deep water, antarctic bottom water
Isostatic adjustments are the result of the buoyancy of Earths lithosphere as it floats on the ___ below which is denser and plastic like A) mesosphere B) asthenosphere C) inner core D) outer core
Asthenosphere
Which of the following parts of polynesia was populated last? A) Hawaiian Islands B) Easter Island C) Marquesas D) New Zealand E) Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa
B Easter Islands
Who sailed from Europe around the tip of Africa to Indian and established a new trade route? A) Juan Sebastian del Caño B) Vasco da Gama C) Ferdinand Magellan D) Giovanni Caboto E) Vasco Nunez de Balboa
B. Vasco de Gama
Which of the following rocks is the most reliable one used to collect information about Earth's magnetic field where and when the rock originated? A) Basalt B) Limestone C) Sandstone D) Granite E) Schist
Basalt
Which of the following affect the ability of species to capture food? A) Circulatory system B) Body temperature C) Body length D) Speed E) Body length, body temperature, circulatory system and speed affect the ability of pelagic organisms to capture food.
Body length, body temperature, circulatory system and speed affect the ability of pelagic organisms to capture food.
Characteristics of passive continental margins include which of the following? A) No sediment accumulation B) Shallow coastal waters C) Deep-sea trenches D) Sparse earthquake activity E) Broad continental shelves
Broad continental shelves
a small size is advantageous for marine organisms because it ___ A) increases the ability to absorb nutrients B) increases the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism C) increases thethe ability to absorb nutrients,the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism, and also increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking D) increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking
C) increases thethe ability to absorb nutrients,the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism, and also increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking
How did the moon form? A) The Moon was captured by the gravitational pull of the Earth. B) The Moon erupted from the Earth leaving a scar at the Pacific Ocean. C) The Moon formed due to the impact of a Mars-sized body with the Earth. D) The Moon formed at the same time as the Earth due to simultaneous accretion
C. Due to the impact of a mars sized body with the earth
Trilobites were dominant during which geologic period? Cambrian Ordovician Permian Jurassic Devonian
Cambrian
The first scientist to propose the origin of coral reefs based upon- subsidence (sinking) of volcanic islands was ____ A) John Tuzo Wilson B) Harry Hess C) Drummond Matthews D) Alfred Wegener E) Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin
Passive margins are usually produced over geologic time by which of the following? A) The closing of an ancient sea to form a salt rich lake B) Transform faulting along a continental margin or a mid-ocean ridge C) Continental rifting and continued sea floor spreading D) Subduction of oceanic crust and submarine volcanic activity E) Hot spot volcanism forming a chain of islands and seamounts
Continental rifting and continued sea floor spreading
the apparent deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another called the ____ A) Cyclonic effect B) Ekman spiral C) Saffir-Simpson scale D) Hadley cell E) Coriolis effect
Coriolis effect
Chondrites are an example of which sediment type? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
Cosmogenous sediment
Micrometeorites are an example of which sediment type? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
Cosmogenous sediment
Tektites are an example of which sediment type? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
Cosmogenous sediment
The first person we are aware of who determined the circumference of earth using trig and the angle of sunlight at Alexandra Egypt was; a. Seneca b. Oytheas c. Herodotus d. Eratosthenes e. Ptolemy
D. Eratosthenes
Who is credited with being the first person to accurately determine Earths Circumference? A) Christopher Columbus B) Claudius Ptolemy C) Pytheas D) Eratosthenes E) Erik Thorvaldson
D. Eratosthenes
Which of the following Vikings is credited with discovering Greenland? A) Leif Eriksson B) Bjarni Herjolfsson C) Thor Heyerdahl D) Erik Thorvaldson
D. Erik Thorvaldson
Continental crust is predominantly composed of the igneous rock called A) basalt B) anorthosite C) peridotite D) granite E) tonalite
D. Granite
Plate convergence begins during which stage of the wilson cycle? A) mature B) terminal C) declining D) suturing E) juvenile
Declining
which of the following is thought to have enriched ocean floor sediments with rare earth elements A) Groundwater leaching B) Nodule and crust creation C) Sea floor methane seeps D) Deep-sea hotsprings E) Clathrate formation
Deep sea hot springs
Active continental margins are characterized by which of the following? A) No sediment accumulation B) Shallow coastal waters C) Deep-sea trenches D) Sparse earthquake activity E) Broad continental shelves
Deep seea trenches
which of the following is biogenous sediment? A) Diatom ooze B) Volcanic particles C) Glacial deposits D) Beach sand E) Clays
Diatom ooze
The mid-atlantic ridge is an example of a A) convergent plate boundary (continent-oceanic) B) convergent plate boundary (oceanic-oceanic) C) transform fault boundary D) convergent plate boundary (continent-continent) E) divergent plate boundary
Divergent plate boundary
which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface current indirectly? A) Doppler flow meters B) Radio-transmitting float bottles C) Propeller flow meters D) Accidental spills from container ships E) Free-drifting Argo floats
Doppler flow meters
which of the following was used during early exploration of the oceans to collect sediment samples? A) Long line B) Rotary corer C) Gravity corer D) Seiche disk E) Dredge
Dredge
Who is credited with being the first European to see the Pacific Ocean? A) Juan Sebastian del Caño B) Vasco da Gama C) Ferdinand Magellan D) Giovanni Caboto E) Vasco Nunez de Balboa
E. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Shortly after the devastating 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake, the Chikyu drillship began an expedition to study which of the following? A) The microbiology of the deep-ocean floor B) The mechanism that causes tsunamis C) Earthquake-generated heat from friction D) The properties of the deep crust E) Earth's climate change patterns
Earthquake generated heat from friction
Which of the following as an example of the embryonic stage of the wilson cycle A) Pacific Ocean B) Red Sea C) Atlantic Ocean D) East Africa E) Mediterranean Sea
East Africa
Which of the following is an example of a passive continental margin? A) East Coast of the United States B) East Coast of Japan C) Southern Coast of Alaska D) West Coast of Mexico E) West Coast of Chile
East coast of the US
Which of the following is an example of an oceanic-oceanic divergent plate boundary? A) East Pacific Rise B) San Andreas Fault C) Aleutian Islands D) Red Sea E) Mendocino Fault
East pacific rise
All continents fit together with the least number of overlaps and gaps when the continents are matched along A) the edge of the continental shelf B) current shorelines C) oceanic trenches in subduction zones D) edges at around 2,000 meters depth E) edges of the deep sea floor
Edges at around 2000 meters depth
Coastal winds can cause upwelling or downwelling due to which of the following? A) Ekman transport B) Western intensification C) Geostrophic current D) Eastern intensification E) Equatorial upwelling
Ekman transport
The observation that ships and icebergs in the southern hemisphere float to the left of the wind direction is an example of which of the following? A) Eastern intensification B) Western intensification C) Geostrophic current D) Equatorial upwelling E) Ekman transport
Ekman transport
the doldrums occur in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
Equatorial (0-5 degrees)
Who is credited with being the first person to accurately determine Earths circumference? A) Christopher Columbus B) Claudius Ptolemy C) Pytheas D) Eratosthenes E) Erik Thorvaldson
Eratosthenes
Which of the following parts of Polynesia was populated first? A) Hawaiian Islands B) Easter Island C) Marquesas D) New Zealand E) Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa
Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa
Which of the following contains calcium carbonate? CaCO3 A) Foraminiferans B) Diatoms C) Glauconite D) Phosphorites E) Radiolarian
Foraminiferans
Is a linear sea floor feature that has the following properties a transform fault, a fracture zone, or neither? It is seismically inactive, it occurs between offset mid-ocean ridge segments, and the relative movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the same direction. A) Fracture zone B) Transform fault C) Neither
Fracture zone
which type of current flow moves in a circular path around a subtropical convergence, reflecting Ekman transport, gravity, and the coriolis effect? A) Density-driven circulation B) Counter-current circulation C) Langmuir circulation D) Thermohaline circulation E) Geostrophic circulation
Geostrophic circulation
The book The history of ocean basins, which contained the idea of seafloor spreading, was written by who A) John Tuzo Wilson B) Drummond Matthews C) Alfred Wegener D) Harry Hess E) Frederick Vine
Harry Hess
Which of the following is an example of a continental-continental convergent plate boundary? A) East Pacific Rise B) San Andreas Fault C) Aleutian Islands D) Himalaya Mountains E) Mendocino Fault
Himalaya Mountains
which of the following currents is respnsible for peru becoming the largest producer of fish, from the sea, in the world? A) Falkland Current B) Somali Current C) Humboldt Current D) Brazil Current E) Canary Current
Humboldt current
A cometary model of the formation of Earths ocean must include the chemical differences between the ____ comet ice and that in Earths water A) nitrogen B) hydrogen C) oxygen D) carbon
Hydrogen
Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called A) biogenous B) cosmogenous C) lithogenous D) hydrogenous E) volcanogenic
Hydrogenous
'A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a/an a. hypothesis b. observation c. guess d. law e. theory
Hypothesis
What happened to the nebular gas that remained from the formation of the planets and their satellites? A) It escaped into the vacuum of space. B) It was blown away by the solar wind. C) It is about 10% of the modern earth atmosphere. D) It condensed to form Earth's ocean.
It was blown away by the solar wind
Who was killed in Hawaii during his last sea voyage after a skirmish with local people? A) James Cook B) Vasco da Gama C) Prince Henry the Navigator D) Ferdinand Magellan E) Giovanni Caboto
James Cook
Pick the pair which does not fit the pattern. A) Krill—whale B) Isopod—fish C) Clown fish—anemone D) Remora—shark
Krill -- whale
identify the mismatched pair from the choices below A) Canary Current, Gulf Stream B) Kuroshio Current, California Current C) Agulhas Current, West Australia Current D) Brazil Current, Benguela Current E) Labrador Current, Humboldt Current
Labrador Current, Humboldt Current
High energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following? A) Cosmogenous sediments B) Silt-sized particles C) Manganese nodules D) Clay-sized particles E) Large particles such as gravel
Large particles such as gravel
Climate distribution on Earth is primarily controlled by A) latitude B) presence or absence of glacial debris C) plants and animals that live in an area D) Earth's geologic history E) longitude
Latitude
Earths initial atmosphere formed from A) comet vaporization B) outgassing C) the Sun's solar wind D) leftover gases from the nebula
Leftover gasses from the nebula
Glacial deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous sediment
Sandstone is an example of which of the following sediment types A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous sediment
Shale i an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous sediment
Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous sediment
The very earliest forms of life probably _____ A) required an external food supply B) were similar to present-day anaerobic bacteria C) manufactured their own food supply by chemosynthesis D) manufactured their own food supply by photosynthesis
Manufactured their own food supply by photosynthesis
Which of the following is an example of an oceanic transform plate boundary? A) San Andreas Fault B) Mendocino Fault C) East Pacific Rise D) Aleutian Islands E) Red Sea
Mendocino Fault
Which of the following fossils was used as data to help reconstruct pangea because it was a reptile found in south america and africa? A) Mesosauras B) Lepidodendron C) Archaeopteris D) Glossopteris
Mesosauras
Most large earthquakes occur along which of the following? A) Other faults in the sea floor B) Mid-ocean ridges C) Ocean trenches D) Faults on land
Mid ocean ridges
what percentage of rocks that are exposed on the continents originated as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments? A) Thirty to forty percent B) More than fifty percent C) Twenty to thirty percent D) Less than twenty percent E) Forty to fifty percent
More than 50%
The Hawaiian Islands are located where the pacific plate is _____ A) being thrust under Japan B) being thrust over the North American plate C) being subducted beneath the North American plate D) moving over a hot spot or mantle plume E) being subducted beneath Japan
Moving over a hot spot or mantle plume
The andes mountains are an example of ____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental convergent B) a continental-continental divergent C) an oceanic-oceanic convergent D) an oceanic-continental convergent E) a continental transform
Oceanic continental convergent
The mariana trench is an example of _____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental convergent B) a continental-continental divergent C) an oceanic-oceanic convergent D) an oceanic-continental convergent E) a continental transform
Oceanic oceanic convergent
a tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 150km/ hr would be classified as a category ____ on the Saffir Simpson hurricane intensity scale A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four E) Five
One
The largest of the ocean basins, which covers more than half the oceans surface is; a. Pacific b. Arctic c. Atlantic d. Southern e. Indian
Pacific
The oldest fossilized remains of organisms are primitive ________ bacteria recovered from rocks formed on the sea floor about 3.5 billion years ago. A) heterotrophic B) streptococcus C) photosynthetic D) chemosynthetic
Photosynthetic
The study of the transmission of light and sound in the oceans is an example of ____ oceanography a. chemical b. physical c. archeaological d. geological e. biological
Physical
Fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because the A) plants were distributed to current locations by ancient glacial ice sheets B) plants probably were tolerant of both tropical and polar conditions C) entire earth had polar conditions at the time the plants were living D) poles were at the equator at times in the geologic past E) plants lived near the poles, but landmasses have drifted to current locations
Plants lived near the poles, but landmasses have drifted to current locations
The instrument that emits a high-frequency sound beam to measure the depth of the ocean developed in the 1950's is the _____ A) Seabeam B) SeaMARC C) GLORIA D) precision-depth recorder (PDR) E) SeaWif
Precision depth recorder (PDR)
which of the following kingdoms includes a diverse collection of single celled and multi celled organisms that have a nucleus A) Protista B) Archaebacteria C) Eubacteria D) Fungi E) Plantae
Protista
Which of the following was true about Protoearth? a) Protoearth had early primitive life forms. B) Protoearth had one large ocean. C) Protoearth's deep structure was homogeneous. D) Protoearth's size was smaller than today's Earth.
Protoearth's deep structure was homogenous
Which of the following contains silica? SiO2 A) Foraminiferans B) Diatoms C) Glauconite D) Phosphorites E) Radiolarian
Radiolarians
Which of the following is an example of a continental-continental divergent plate boundary? A) East Pacific Rise B) San Andreas Fault C) Aleutian Islands D) Red Sea E) Mendocino Fault
Red sea
Wegener used which of the following to provide evidence for continental drift A) Seafloor magnetic patterns B) Locations of active volcanoes C) Magnetic pole reversals D) Earthquake distribution E) Shape of continental margins
Shape of continental margins
Volcanic features on the ocean floor that are less than 1000m tall are called ____ A) guyots B) nemataths C) seaknolls D) seamounts E) islands
Seaknolls
Large volcanoes on the seafloor that are cone-shaped on top because they never reached sea level are called vA) hotspots B) guyots C) tablemounts D) mantle plumes E) seamount
Seamounts
Volcanic peaks on the deep ocean floor with conical tops are called A) seamounts B) submarine canyons C) oceanic ridges D) oceanic trenches E) tablemounts
Seamounts
Stanley Miller's 1952 experiment created ________ from the chemical ingredients thought to exist in Earth's early ocean. A) complex organic molecules B) primitive bacteria C) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) D) simple organic compounds
Simple organic compounds
between summer and winter which of the following currents reverse its flow direction? A) Brazil Current B) Falkland Current C) Florida Current D) California Current E) Somali Current
Somali current
The method that is used most frequently to investigate seiment and rock layers of the sea floor is _____ A) direct observation B) satellite observation C) sound waves (specifically seismic reflecting profiling) D) light waves E) drilling
Sound waves (specifically seismic reflecting profiling)
The particles found in some sediment that suggests an ET impact event are _____ A) silt B) tektites C) evaporites D) oozes E) clays
Tektites
Which ocean is similar in size and average depth to the Indian ocean? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Southern Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean
Which of the following is TRUE about the lithosphere A) The lithosphere is composed of the inner portion of the mantle and the outer core. B) The lithosphere is composed only of igneous rock. C) The lithosphere is composed only of outer mantle material. D) The lithosphere is composed only of metamorphic rock. E) The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle.
The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle
Which ocean covers more than 1/2 of the ocean surface area on earth? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Southern Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean
The pacific ocean
Which oceans name comes from a word meaning peace? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Southern Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean
The pacific ocean
Is a linear sea floor feature that has the following properties a transform fault, a fracture zone, or neither? It is seismically active, it occurs between offset mid-ocean ridge segments, and the relative movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the same direction. A) Fracture zone B) Transform fault C) Neither
Transform fault
What is a linear sea floor feature that is seismically active, occurs between offset mid-ocean ridge segments, and the relative movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the opposite direction? A) Seaknolls B) Nemataths C) Guyots D) Fracture zone E) Transform fault
Transform fault
which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica? A) It is dominated by water flow directly away from the polar region toward the north. B) The surface ocean has no strong currents. C) Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west. D) A gyre is formed here. E) The circulation of water around the Antarctic continent is driven by density differences
Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west.
Which of the following is characteristic of continental-continental convergent plate boundaries A) Fracture zones B) Hot spots C) Uplifted mountain ranges D) Mid-ocean ridges E) Volcanic island arcs
Uplifted mountain ranges
Diverging surface water are areas of _____ and _____ productivity A) upwelling; low B) upwelling; high C) downwelling; low D) downwelling; high
Upwelling; high
Most of the explorations by northern and western Europeans during the Middle (dark) ages were undertaken by; a. Vikings of Scandinavia b. Portugal c. France d. Italy e. Spain
Vikings of Scandinavia
All the true oceanic islands are _____ in origin A) volcanic B) collisional C) sedimentary D) erosional E) metamorphic
Volcanic
Seamounts and abyssal hills are _____ in origin A) volcanic B) sedimentary C) erosional D) metamorphic E) seismic
Volcanic
To find the largest area of the ocean with the oldest ocean crust you should go to the A) northern Atlantic B) southern Ocean near Australia C) western Pacific D) eastern Pacific
Western pacific
which of the following best describes the electrolysis method for desalination A) A current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by semipermeable membranes from seawater. B) Large icebergs are brought to coastal waters off countries that need freshwater where they are melted. C) Saltwater is boiled and the water vapor is passed through a cooling condenser, where it condenses as freshwater. D) Seawater is frozen and thawed multiple times, with the salts washed from the ice between each thawing. E) Water on the salty side of a semipermeable membrane is pushed under high pressure through the membrane to the freshwater side.
a current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by semipermeable membranes from seawater
a beach is ____ A) always found along a coast B) only that area above the high-tide mark C) a deposit of the shore area D) always comprised of non-biologic components E) constant in space and time
a deposit of the shore area
Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by A) a river delta B) the wind C) a volcanic eruption D) a glacier E) organisms
a glacier
the maximum tidal currents are reported _____ A) at low tide B) about half way between high and low tides C) during neap tides D) at high tide E) in the intertidal zone
about half way between high and low tides
When compard to their warmer water counterparts, cold-water plankton often ____ A) are smaller in size B) are larger in size C) exhibit countershading D) have more spines and ornamentation on the cell wall E) reproduce asexually only
are larger in size
winter beaches _____ A) are narrower than summer beaches due to high-energy waves during the winter B) are characterized by most of the swash soaking into the beach C) contain more sediment than summer beaches due to high-energy waves during the winter D) are wider than summer beaches due to low-energy waves during the winter E) contain less sediment than summer beaches due to low-energy waves during the winter
are narrower than summer beaches due to high energy waves during the winter
the _____ zone includes more than 80% of the benthic environment A) abyssal B) bathyal C) hadal D) littoral E) subneriti
abyssal
which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly? A) Pressure gradients B) Anchored buoys C) Doppler flow meters D) Accidental spills from container ships E) Radar altimeters
accidental spills from container ships
Due to concerns about mercury or other contaminants you should limit your consumption of all of the following except ________._ A) Orange Roughy B) Sharks C) Swordfish D) Albacore Tuna E) Alaska Wild Salmon
alaska wild salmon
Which marine ecosystem has average net primary productivity comparable to a tropical rainforest? A) Algae beds and coral reefs B) Estuaries C) Freshwater swamp and marsh D) Open Ocean E) Upwelling zone
algae beds and coral reefs
sediment is supplied to the coastal zone by ____ A) rivers B) local biological activity C) coastal erosion D) All of the above are sources of sediment in the coastal zone. E) Only A and B
all of the above are sources of sediment in the coastal zone
Which set of fins is used as stabilizers? A) Anal and caudal B) Caudal and dorsal C) Anal and dorsal D) Pectoral and pelvic
anal and dorsal
which of the following kingdoms also includes humans? A) Animalia B) Archaebacteria C) Eubacteria D) Fungi E) Plantae
animalia
which of the following kingdoms contains the multicelled animals? A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Protista
animalia
typically, the US is influenced more by _____ air masses during the winter and more by _____ air masses during the summer A) tropical; arctic B) arctic; polar C) polar; arctic D) arctic; tropical E) polar; tropical
arctic; tropical
neritic marine environments would be found ____ A) in subduction zones B) associated with continental shelves C) within a deep-sea trench D) at mid-ocean ridges E) deep in the ocean basin
associated with continental shelves
in the US semidurnal tides commonly occur along the ____ A) Pacific coast B) Gulf of Alaska C) Florida Keys D) Atlantic coast E) Gulf of Mexico coast
atlantic coast
ripple like clouds in the sky are an example of ____ waves A) turbidity B) tidal C) splash D) internal E) atmospheric
atmospheric
the basic building blocks of all matter are called A) ions B) protons C) atoms D) neutrons E) electrons
atoms
Productivity is limited by ________ in polar regions and by ________ in the low-latitude tropics. A) nutrient supply; nutrient supply B) nutrient supply; available sunlight C) available sunlight; available sunlight D) available sunlight; nutrient supply
available sunlight; nutrient supply
The first humans from Wester Hemisphere known to have developed the art of navigation were the a. vikings b. phoenicians c. New Zealanders d. Greeks e. Polynesians
b. Phoenicians
Evidence suggests that the sun and the rest of the solar system formed about five ____ years ago a. trillion b. billion c. million d. thousand
b. billion
The separation of erath into layers while it was molten was the result of; A) initial collection of materials and their position in Earth B) differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth C) gravitational force created by the rotating Earth D) presence of water at Earth's surface E) decrease in temperature downward toward the core
b. differing densities of the elements that make up the earth
the part of the shore that is above the high tide shoreline and is covered with water only during storms is known as the ___ A) backshore B) foreshore C) nearshore D) offshore E) shoreline
backshore
the section of the coast that extends from normal high tide level to the highest elevation on land that is affected by storm waves is called the ____ A) nearshore B) foreshore C) backshore D) shoreline E) offshore
backshore
which of the following occurs during heavy wave activity? A) A net movement of sand down the beach face B) Much of the swash soaks into the beach C) The beach is saturated with water from previous waves D) A backward movement of sand along the beach face E) Backwash dominates the transport system
backwash dominates the transport system
the superkingdoms of life called eubacteria is identical to which of the following? A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya
bacteria
which of the following domains includes simple life forms with cells that usually lack a nucleus? A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya
bacteria
which of the following plankton are the smallest? A) Bacterioplankton B) Virioplankton C) Zooplankton D) Phytoplankton E) Meroplankton
bacterioplankton
Organisms which feed only on bacteria are called ________. A) autotrophic B) bacteriovores C) carnivores D) herbivores E) omnivores
bacteriovores
lagoons that form behind barrier islands are examples of ___ A) bar-built estuaries B) fjords C) coastal plain estuaries D) salt wedge estuaries E) tectonic estuaries
bar built estuaries
which of the following estuaries forms when wave action creates a barrier island that separates the estuary from the ocean? A) Coastal Plain Estuary B) Delta System C) Bar-Built Estuary D) Tectonic Estuary E) Fjord
bar built estuary
the area of the barrier island complex that would contain thickets and woodlands would be the A) low marsh B) barrier flat C) dune D) lagoon E) high marsh
barrier flat
the center of mass of the earth-moon system is called the ____ A) perihelion B) barycenter C) perigee D) aphelion E) apogee
barycenter
the ____ zone corresponds generally to the continental slope A) subneritic B) bathyal C) littoral D) supralittoral E) sublittoral
bathyal
the ____ zone extends from a depth of 200 and 4000 meters A) subneritic B) bathyal C) littoral D) supralittoral E) sublittoral
bathyal
animals that live in the abyssopelagic and _____ zones feed mostly upon one another A) bathypelagic B) abyssopelagic C) nektopelagic D) mesopelagic E) epipelagic
bathypelagic
if one were to walk from the ocean landward across a barrier island complex, in which order would one encounter the following environments? A) Beach, dune, barrier flat, low marsh, high marsh B) Low marsh, high marsh, barrier flat, dune, beach C) Dune, barrier flat, beach, high marsh, low marsh D) Barrier flat, dune, beach, low marsh, high marsh E) Beach, dune, barrier flat, high marsh, low mars
beach, dune, barrier flat, high marsh, low marsh
the sublittoral zone is the area ____ A) below the intertidal zone on the continental shelf B) between the highest high tide and the lowest low tide C) where demersal and pelagic organisms are found D) above the highest tide E) beyond the continental shelf
below the intertidal zone on the continental shelf
most marine species are found in the _____ A) mesopelagic environment B) bathypelagic environment C) oceanic environment D) pelagic environment E) benthic environment
benthic environment
98% of marine species belong to which of the following? A) Fungi B) Plankton C) Benthos D) Nekton E) Plantae
benthos
nutrient flow in an ecosystem is ____ A) top down B) cyclical C) unidirectional D) semi-conservative E) bi-directional
bi-directional
Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called A) hydrogenous B) biogenous C) cosmogenous D) volcanogenic E) lithogenous1
biogenous
The white cliffs of dover an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
biogenous sediment
organisms of the mesopelagic zone are characterized by ____ A) no eyes B) bioluminescence C) large, sensitive eyes D) bioluminescence and large, sensitive eyes E) bioluminescence and no eyes
bioluminescence and large sensitive eyes
Which of the following is not an adaptation for deep diving in Cetaceans? A) Having increased hemoglobin concentrations to store more oxygen B) Blood flow is shifted from the brain to the extremities C) Having a lot of myoglobin in the muscles to store oxygen D) Slowed heart rate E) Collapsing the lungs to compensate for increasing water pressure during deep dives
blood flow is shifted from the brain to the extremities
If you are concerned about purchasing fish from health thriving fisheries, which of the following Tuna should you avoid? A) Albacore (Canada & US Pacific, troll/pole) B) Bluefin C) Bigeye (US farmed) D) Tongol (US farmed) E) Yellowfin (US troll/pole)
bluefin
which of the following produces a tidal current? A) Flood tide B) Both neap tides and spring tides C) Both ebb tides and flood tides D) Spring tide E) Ebb tide
both ebb tides and flood tides
Which of the following types of algae is responsible for the name of the Sargasso Sea? A) Brown algae B) Green algae C) Purple algae D) Red algae E) Yellow algae
brown algae
The method of determining latitude in the Northern Hemisphere by measuring the angle between an observers site to the north star and line of site to the northern horizon was developed by a Ptolemy b. Herodotus c. Pytheas d Eratosthenes e Seneca
c Pyhteas
Earths primordial atmosphere most likely included A) ammonia, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor B) nitrogen, ozone, and sulfur dioxide C) carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, and methane D) hydrogen, helium, and oxygen
c. CO2, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, methane
The European age of discovery began with a. Phoenicians exploration of the mediterranean b.Polynesian colonization of pacific islands c. Christopher Columbus discover of the new world d. viking voyages to North America e. Ferdinand Magellans circumnavigation of the globe
c. Christopher Columbus discovery of the new world
Our world ocean can be divided into four principal oceans plus an additional ocean, based on the ___ of the ocean basins and the ___ of the continents A) position; latitude B) size; shape C) shape; position D) depth; elevation
c. Shape; position
The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree celsius is the definition of _____ A) calorie B) latent heat of evaporation C) latent heat of condensation D) thermal capacity E) boiling point elevation
calorie
the first wave that forms when the wind begins to blow across the ocean surface is a ______ A) tsunami B) wind waves C) capillary wave D) seiche E) tide
capillary wave
Sea otters are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
carnivora
the most recent international project to assess the the diversity, distribution and abundance of marine life was called which of the following? A) The Ocean Biogeographic Information System B) International Census of Marine Microbes C) Census of Marine Life D) Systematic Census of the Ocean E) History of Marine Animal Populations
census of marine ife
Satellites uses microwave beams to measure sea level to n accuracy of four A) millimeters B) decimeters C) centimeters D) meters E) kilometers
centimeters
the ____ force pulls an orbiting body toward the center of that orbit A) tidal B) gravitational C) centripetal D) magnetic E) amphidromic
centripetal
Blue whales are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
cetacea
Bowhead whales are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
cetacea
Dolphins are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
cetacea
Finback whales are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
cetacea
Gray whales are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
cetacea
Humpback whales are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
cetacea
Porpoises are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
cetacea
Right whales are members of which of the following orders? A) Carnivora B) Cetacea C) Chiroptera D) Rhenanida E) Sirenia
cetacea
Which of the following deep-water fish was originally called the toothfish and is now on the Seafood Watch List of fish to avoid purchasing? A) Alaskan Salmon B) Greenland Halibut C) Chilean Seabass D) Orange Roughy E) Australian Slimehead
chilean seabass
which of the following is the most abundant negatively charged component of seawater? A) Calcium B) Chloride C) Magnesium D) Sodium E) Sulfate
chloride
diatoms, important producers in the epipelagic open ocean, are members of the division ____ A) Bacillariophyta B) Phaeophyta C) Chrysophyta D) Chlorophyta E) Rhodophyta
chrysophyta
Which of the following are armed with nematocysts containing a painful neurotoxin? A) Cnidarians B) Coccolithophores C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians
cnidarians
Which of the following has tentacles up 60 meters long? A) Cnidarians B) Coccolithophores C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians
cnidarians
Which of the following ecosystems accounts for 18.7% of the world marine fishery? A) Coastal and coral systems B) Nontropical shelves C) Open ocean D) Tropical shelves E) Upwellings
coastal and coral systems
the area of the ocean that produces the largest standing stock of commercial fish is in the ____ A) tropical areas B) coastal areas C) bathypelagic zone D) upwelling areas E) mesopelagic zone
coastal areas
which of the following estuaries forms when sea level rises and floods an existing river valley? A) Coastal Plain Estuary B) Delta System C) Bar-Built Estuary D) Tectonic Estuary E) Fjord
coastal plain estuary
Although primary productivity in tropical areas is generally low, which of the following tropical locations have unusually high primary productivity rates? A) Dead zones B) Hypoxic zones C) Equatorial downwelling zones D) Coastal upwelling zones
coastal upwelling zones
which of the following statements about coastal waters is correct? A) Coastal waters only support about 15% of the total mass of life in the oceans. B) Coastal waters are of minor importance for shipping because they traverse the open ocean. C) Coastal waters receive land-derived pollutants after passing through the open ocean. D) Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean. E) Coastal waters have limited opportunities for oil production and recreational activities.
coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean
When a meander from gulf stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the north atlantic gyre; the body of water is called a A) geostrophic circulation B) Langmuir cell C) warm core ring D) cyclonic circulation E) cold core ring
cold core ring
cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a/an ____ A) low pressure system B) cold front C) warm front D) occluded front E) high pressure system
cold front
which of the following properties of pure water is different depending on the amount of water present? A) Density B) pH C) Odor D) Color E) Taste
color
which of the following will cause the highest air pressure at the surface? A) A column of cool, less dense air B) A column of cool, dense air C) A column of warm, dense air D) A column of warm, less dense air
column of cool, dense air
the depth at which cellular respiration rate equals the photosynthetic rate is referred to as the ____ photosynthesis A) carbonate depth B) compensation depth C) epipelagic depth D) productive zone E) euphotic zone
compensation depth
a good working definition of life does not need to incorporate that living things ____ A) contain carbon in their chemical makeup B) are capable of reproduction C) can capture, store, and transmit energy D) can change through time E) can adapt to their environmen
contain carbon in their chemical makeup
on an annual basis which of the following fluxess between reservoirs of the hydrologic cycle is the smallest? A) Atmosphere to ocean B) Continent to atmosphere C) Atmosphere to continent D) Ocean to atmosphere E) Continent to ocean
continent to ocean
The Alps are an example of ____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental convergent B) a continental-continental divergent C) an oceanic-oceanic convergent D) an oceanic-continental convergent E) a continental transform
continental continental convergent
the himalaya mountains are an example of ____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental convergent B) a continental-continental divergent C) an oceanic-oceanic convergent D) an oceanic-continental convergent E) a continental transform
continental continental convergent
The east africa rift valleys are an example of ____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental divergent B) an oceanic transform C) an oceanic-oceanic divergent D) an oceanic-oceanic convergent E) an oceanic-continental convergent
continental continental divergent
The red sea is an example of ____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental divergent B) an oceanic transform C) an oceanic-oceanic divergent D) an oceanic-oceanic convergent E) an oceanic-continental convergent
continental continental divergent
Directly seaward of the continental shelf is more steeply sloping region called the A) continental rise B) trench C) mid-ocean ridge D) abyssal plain E) continental slope
continental slope
The relief in which of the following regions is similar to that found in mountain ranges on the continents? A) Shoreline B) Continental shelf C) Abyssal plain D) Continental slope E) Continental rise
continental slope
Where does the deep ocean basin begin along a passive continental margin? A) Abyssal plain B) Shoreline C) Continental rise D) Continental slope E) Continental shelf
continental slope
The San andreas fault is an example of _____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental convergent B) a continental-continental divergent C) an oceanic-oceanic convergent D) an oceanic-continental convergent E) a continental transform
continental transform
The alpine fault of new zealand is an example of _____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental convergent B) a continental-continental divergent C) an oceanic-oceanic convergent D) an oceanic-continental convergent E) a continental transform
continental transform
Which of the following lay eggs that are released into seawater, where they hatch in about a day? A) Coccolithophores B) Copepods C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians
copeopods
Microscopic, shrimplike animals that have a hard exoskeleton that can be either herbivorous, carnivorous, or parasitic are called ________. A) foraminifers B) radiolarians C) copepods D) fishes E) cnidarians
copepods
Which of the following are one of the most numerically dominant types of multicelled organisms on the planet? A) Coccolithophores B) Copepods C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians
copepods
Which of the following have a hard exoskeleton and a segmented body with jointed legs, forked tails and distinct antennae? A) Coccolithophores B) Copepods C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians
copepods
Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called A) cosmogenous B) volcanogenic C) hydrogenous D) biogenous E) lithogenous
cosmogenous
the color pattern in which marine organisms are light on the bottom and dark on the top of their bodies camouflaging them against the water air interface is ____ A) countershading B) cryptic coloration C) disruptive coloration D) defensive coloration E) warning coloration
countershading
An example of a "cruiser" is a ________. A) flounder B) tuna C) shark D) grouper E) mackerel
tuna
The Pacific Ocean is example of the ___- stage of the wilson cycle A) mature B) juvenile C) declining D) terminal E) suturing
declining
Organisms within an ecosystem that break down dead and decaying remains and waste products of organisms for their own energy requirements are called ________. A) heterotrophic B) consumers C) decomposers D) producers E) animals
decomposers
compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre which of the following statement is true for a western boundary current? A) Warmer water B) Increased current velocity C) Deeper current D) Narrower current E) Deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents
deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents
When compared to coastal regions, solar energy extends ________ into the water column and concentrations of nutrients are ________ in the open ocean. A) deeper; greater B) less; greater C) less; lower D) deeper; lower
deeper; lower
As salinity of seawater increases, it's _____ A) density increases B) residence time decreases C) density decreases D) residence time changes E) residence time increases
density increases
Arenicola is an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. A) active predation B) deposit C) filter D) passive predation E) photosynthetic
deposit
The dissolution of the thick tests of foraminifers below the CCD is an example of the ____ of biogenous sediment A) productivity B) erosion C) destruction D) dilution E) ecology
destruction
Important marine autotrophs that have silica Incorporated into their cell walls are _____ A) coccolithophorids B) dinoflagellates C) cyanobacteria D) diatoms E) radiolarians
diatoms
osmotic pressure increases as the ____ A) difference in salinity decreases B) difference in salinity increases C) difference in temperature increases D) temperature increases E) salinity increases
difference in salinity increases
which of the following processes causes sea surface salinity to increase near the tropic of cancer and capricorn? A) Freezing B) Evaporation C) Melting D) Polarization E) Condensation
evaporation
Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by earths titled axis of rotation and _____ A) differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land B) differences in the latitudinal albedo C) variations in incoming solar radiation over many years D) latitudinal variations in the Coriolis effect E) Ekman transport
differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land
The process of molecules moving through water from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration due to the random motion of molecules is called ________. A) convection B) diffusion C) osmosis D) mixing E) conduction
diffusion
The deposition of coarse-grained lithogenous material in neritic environments along continental margins is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment. A) productivity B) erosion C) destruction D) dilution E) ecology
dilution
which of the following is a phytoplankton? A) Virioplankton B) Coccolithophores C) Diatoms D) Dinoflagellates E) Radiolarian
dinoflagellates
which of the following statements concerning tides is correct? A) Mixed tides are a tidal pattern in which there are two high and low tides daily of approximately equal tidal heights. B) Semidiurnal tides are a tidal pattern in which there are two high tides and two low tides per lunar day, one high tide higher than the other. C) Diurnal tides are a tidal pattern in which there is one high tide and one low tide in a lunar day. D) At perigee, tidal ranges are minimized. E) Neap tides occur when the solar tide and the lunar tides are additive, producing the highest high tide and lower low tides.
diurnal tides are a tidal pattern in which there is one high tide and one low tide in a lunar day
Converging surface waters are areas of ____ and _____ productivity A) upwelling; low B) upwelling; high C) downwelling; low D) downwelling; high
downwelling; low
which of the following features is characteristic of a submerging shoreline? A) Drowned beach B) Ancient sea cliffs C) Wave-cut benches D) Marine terrace E) Sea stacks
drowned beach
The European Age of Discovery ended with a. Phoenicians exploration of the mediterranean b.Polynesian colonization of pacific islands c. Christopher Columbus discover of the new world d. viking voyages to North America e. Ferdinand Magellans circumnavigation of the globe
e. Ferdinand Magellans circumnavigation of the globe
The nebular hypothesis suggests that A) galaxies such as the Milky Way form independent of one another B) Earth's moon is an asteroid captured by the Earth's gravity C) the moon is derived from a protoplanet D) the Earth was formed by a cosmic explosion, a "big bang" E) all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud
e. all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud
the benguela current is an example of what type of current? A) Eastern Boundary Current B) Equatorial Counter Current C) Northern Boundary Current D) Southern Boundary Current E) Western Boundary Current
eastern boundary current
the california current is an example of which type of current? A) Eastern Boundary Current B) Equatorial Counter Current C) Northern Boundary Current D) Southern Boundary Current E) Western Boundary Current
eastern boundary current
the euphotic zone is confine to the _____ A) epipelagic zone B) bathypelagic zone C) abyssopelagic zone D) neritic province E) mesopelagic zone
epipelagic zone
the south equatorial current is an example of what type of current? A) Eastern Boundary Current B) Equatorial Counter Current C) Northern Boundary Current D) Southern Boundary Current E) Western Boundary Current
equatorial counter current
Submarine canyons were most likely formed by A) erosion by turbidity currents B) scouring by glaciers during the last ice age C) deposition of terrestrial sediment D) wind erosion in the past E) earthquake activity
erosion by turbidity currents
Which marine ecosystem has the highest average net primary productivity? A) Algae beds and coral reefs B) Estuaries C) Freshwater swamp and marsh D) Open Ocean E) Upwelling zone
estuaries
which of the following kingdoms include blue-green algae? A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Protista
eubacteria
which of the following kingdoms includes single celled organisms whose cells lack discrete nuclei and the internal organelles? A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Protista
eubacteria
humans are part of which domain? A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya
eukarya
which of the following domain includes complex organisms; multicellular plants, multicellular animals, fungi, and protoctists A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya
eukarya
which of the following domains has cells that house DNA in a discrete nucleus and contain structures that supply energy to build the cell and maintain its function? A) Archaea B) Archaeabacteria C) Bacteria D) Ediacaria E) Eukarya
eukarya
the zone that extends from the surface to a depth where enough light still exists to support photosynthesis is called the ____ zone A) aphotic B) disphotic C) euphotic D) hyperphotic E) hypophotic
euphotic
an organism that tolerates a wide range of salinities is referred to as ____ A) stenothermal B) eurythermal C) estuarine D) isothermal E) euryhaline
euryhaline
overproduction of organic matter resulting in anoxic conditions is attributed to _____ A) net primary productivity B) photoperiodicity C) autotrophication D) eutrophication E) phototropism
eutrophication
Of all the following processes which one increases the salinity of water? A) Evaporation B) Runoff C) Sea ice melting D) Icebergs melting E) Precipitation
evaporation
which of the following processes increase seawater salinity? A) Sea ice melting B) River runoff C) Iceberg melting D) Precipitation E) Evaporation
evaporation
which of the following is the most specific taxonomic grouping shared by common dolphins and killer whales A) Phylum B) Species C) Order D) Genus E) Family
family
the majority of tsunami are caused by underwater ____ A) avalanches B) turbidity currents C) fault movement D) meteorite impacts E) volcanic eruptions
fault movement
which of the following caused the indian ocean tsunami of 2004? A) Meteorite impact B) Fault movement C) Volcanic eruption D) Landslid
fault movement
which of the following caused the tsunami that killed 159 people in 1946? A) Meteorite impact B) Fault movement C) Volcanic eruption D) Landslide
fault movement
Orchestoidea is an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. A) active predation B) deposit C) filter D) passive predation E) photosynthetic
filter
Whale sharks are an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. A) deposit B) active predation C) photosynthetic D) passive predation E) filter
filter
an estuary formed from a flooded glacial valley is called a ____ A) vertically mixed estuary B) fjord C) coastal plain estuary D) bar-built estuary E) tectonic estuary
fjord
which of the following estuaries forms when sea level rises an floods an existing u-shaped glacial valley? A) Coastal Plain Estuary B) Delta System C) Bar-Built Estuary D) Tectonic Estuary E) Fjord
fjord
Which of the following ecosystems has the highest average net primary productivity? A) Algae beds and coral reefs B) Estuaries C) Freshwater swamp and marsh D) Open Ocean E) Upwelling zone
freshwater swamp and marsh
which of the following kingdoms includes species that function primarily as decomposers in the marine ecosystems? A) Animalia B) Archaebacteria C) Eubacteria D) Fungi E) Plantae
fungi
which of the following kingdoms includes species that live with cyanobacteria or green algae to form lichen? A) Animalia B) Archaebacteria C) Eubacteria D) Fungi E) Plantae
fungi
the main energy resouraces associated with marine sediments are petroleum and ___ A) coal B) wind power C) rare-earth elements D) gas hydrates E) ethanol
gas hydrates
which of the following contains the most organic carbon on earth? A) Peat B) Gas hydrates C) Fossil Fuels D) Soil E) Living organisms
gas hydrates
In general, the restoring force for most wind-generated wave is _____ A) seismic activity B) wind C) surface tension of water molecules D) cohesion of water molecules E) gravity
gravity
Geostrophic circulation within gyre is driven by _____ A) salinity and gravity B) the wind and pressure C) density and the wind D) temperature and pressure E) gravity and the Coriolis effect
gravity and the coriolis effect
the intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes (near the equator) compared to higher latitudes (near the pole) is _____ a) same b) greater c) lower
greater
Which of the following animals uses a swim bladder to achieve neutral buoyancy? A) Grouper B) Nautilus C) Spirula D) Sharks E) Tuna
grouper
Which of the following fish waits patiently for prey and exerts themselves only in short bursts as they lunge? A) Marlin B) Tuna C) Shark D) Swordfish E) Grouper
grouper
which of the following statements about grunion is correct? A) Grunion spawn on the three or four nights prior to the highest spring high tide. B) Grunion are similar to salmon in that they return to their stream of birth to spawn. C) Grunion are the only marine fish that comes completely out of water to spawn. D) Fertilized grunion eggs are ready to hatch about twenty days after spawning. E) Grunion count on the highest spring high tide to bury their eggs with sand.
grunion count on the highest spring high tide to bury their eggs with sand
which of the following is not an eastern boundary current? A) West Australian Current B) Gulf Stream C) Peru Current D) Canary Current E) California Current
gulf stream
A tablemount is another name for a(n) A) guyot B) seaknoll C) nematath D) island E) abyssal hil
guyot
Underwater volcanic peaks that resemble volcanoes on land except tat they are flat on top called A) oceanic ridges B) ultra-slow spreading centers C) oceanic rises D) volcanic arcs E) guyots
guyots
a spring tide _____ A) has very high high tides and very low low tides B) occurs at the vernal equinox C) has very little difference between high and low tides D) has moderate high and low tides E) occurs at a blue moon
had very high high tides and very low low tides
the ____ zone consists of only deep trenches along the margins of continents A) abyssal B) bathyal C) hadal D) littoral E) subneriti
hadal
The collapse of Atlantic cod stocks resulted in fishers seeking the deep-water Greenland ________, which is now in danger of becoming overfished throughout the Atlantic. A) flounder B) halibut C) tilapia D) herring E) haddock
halibut
a layer of rapidly changing salinity with depth is called a A) halocline B) lysocline C) pycnocline D) syncline E) thermocline
halocline
Sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they ________. A) cannot rotate their front flippers backward B) use their rear flippers for swimming C) have external ears D) cannot rotate their front flippers forward E) have a short neck
have external ears
prevailing offshore winds produce coastal waters that ____ A) have lower salinities B) are biologically diverse C) are cooler D) have higher salinities E) are identical to the open ocean
have higher salinities
Organisms which feed directly on plants or algae are called ________. A) autotrophic B) bacteriovores C) carnivores D) herbivores E) omnivores
herbivores
Tectonic plates are pieces of the _____ that float on the more fluid ____ below A) asthenosphere; lithosphere B) crust; lithosphere C) lithosphere; mesosphere D) mantle; crust E) lithosphere; asthenosphere
lithosphere; asthenosphere
Which of the following types of caudal fins is asymmetrical, with most of their mass and surface area in the upper lobe? A) Forked caudal fin B) Heterocercal caudal fin C) Lunate caudal fin D) Rounded caudal fin E) Truncate caudal fin
heterocercal caudal fin
Which of the following types of caudal fins is found in sharks? A) Forked caudal fin B) Heterocercal caudal fin C) Lunate caudal fin D) Rounded caudal fin E) Truncate caudal fin
heterocercal caudal fin
The caudal fin shape that is asymmetrical, with most of the mass in the upper lobe, is a ________. A) forked fin B) rounded fin C) truncate fin D) lunate fin E) heterocercal fin
heterocercal fin
Bacteriovores, carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores are types of ________ organisms. A) heterotrophic B) producer C) siliceous D) autotrophic E) decomposer
heterotrophic
which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities A) High heat capacity B) Low viscosity C) High viscosity D) High salinity E) Low heat capacity
high heat capacity
if the side of the earth that faces the moon experiences a high tide, then the side of the earth that is opposite from the moon will have a ____ A) low tide B) neap tide C) proxigean tide D) spring tide E) high tide
high tide
when ice forms from seawater the remaining seawater will have a _____ A) higher salinity B) higher temperature C) lower temperature D) decreased density E) darker color
higher salinity
in comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is _____ A) related to solvent concentration B) higher than other liquids C) a function of salinity D) lower than other liquids E) about the same as other liquids
higher than other liquids
Earth is a layered sphere with the ________-density material found near the center of Earth and the ________- density material located near the surface. a. highest; highest; b. lowest; lowest c. lowest; highest d. highest; lowest
highest; lowest
Deep-sea fish species exhibit which of the following adaptations to life in the deep ocean? A) Small sharp teeth B) Rigid bodies C) Small mouths D) Hinged jaws E) Insensitive eyes
hinged jaws
Whales evolved from a land-dwelling ancestor similar to which of the following? A) Yak B) Bear C) Mastodon D) Elephant E) Hippopotamus
hippopotamus
organisms that spend their entire lives as plankton are called which of the following? A) Holoplankton B) Virioplankton C) Zooplankton D) Meroplankton E) Phytoplankton
holoplankton
Organisms such as a mackerel sharks and tunas that can maintain a relatively constant body temperature are referred to as ________. A) poikilothermic B) homeothermic C) ectothermic D) cold-blooded E) None of the above is correct.
homeothermic
The big island of hawaii is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a A) mid-ocean ridge B) hotspot C) island arc D) transform fault E) deep sea trench
hotspot
Marine phosphate is example of which sediment type? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
hydrogenous sediment
Oolites are example of which sediment type? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
hydrogenous sediment
the particle size on a beach ___ A) is related to whatever material is locally available B) varies only with storm intensity and duration C) can be related to the frequency of storms D) shows seasonal variation only on low energy coasts E) is a function of the type of bedrock underlying the coastal area
is related to whatever materials is locally available
the zone between high and low tides coincides with the ____ zone A) hadal B) littoral C) abyssal D) bathyal E) subneritic
littoral
in coastal regions, sea breezes happen _____ and land breeze happen _____ A) in the morning; at night B) at night; in the morning C) in the afternoon; at night D) at night; in the afternoon E) in the morning; in the afternoon F) in the afternoon; in the morning
in the afternoon; at night
where does sand accumulate during light wave activity? A) Beneath the breakers B) Along the beach face C) Behind the dunes D) Offshore sand bars E) In the berm
in the berm
which of the following has caused an increase in the mortality of blue crab, oysters and other bottom dwelling animals in chespeake bay since the early 1950's A) Increased maximum river flow in the spring B) An oil pipeline rupture and spill C) Large seasonal changes in salinity and temperature D) Increased discharge of sewage and fertilizers E) Numerous drier years with less river runoff
increased discharge of sewage and fertilizers
Eustatic changes in sea level might include ____ A) increased glacial melting due to the global warming B) volcanic activity resulting in the formation of new continental crust C) rise in sea level due to a large weight of glacier on a continental mass D) sinking of the crust due to large increases in sediment load E) uplift related to earthquake activity
increased glacial melting due to the global warming
Based on the Theory of Plate Tectonics, you would expect to find ________ heat flow at the mid-ocean ridge and ________ heat flow at subduction zones when compared to other parts of the crust. A) decreased; increased B) decreased; decreased C) increased; increased D) increased; decreased
increased; decreased
The salinity curve for low latitudes shows ________ salinity at the surface and ________ salinity at depth A) decreased, increased B) decreased, decreased C) increased, increased D) increased, decreased
increased; decreased
The surface tension of water _____ A) increases as density decreases B) is very similar in other liquids C) is related to salinity D) is relatively low E) is relatively high
increases as density decreases
phytoplankton use body size to keep afloat because a small body size ___ surface area to volume ratio and ___ their frictional resistance A) increases; increases B) decreases; increases C) decreases; decreases D) increases; decreases E) There is no relationship between body size and floating
increases; increases
which of the following statements regarding water density is correct? A) Decreasing amounts of dissolved substances inhibits the formation of hydrogen bonds, which restricts the number of ice crystals that can form. B) Decreasing pressure increases the number of water molecules in a given volume and inhibits the number of ice crystals that can be created. C) Increasing the pressure decreases the temperature of maximum density for freshwater because the formation of bulky ice crystals is inhibited. D) Adding dissolved substances increases the temperature of maximum density for water because the formation of lessdense ice crystals is suppressed.
increasing the pressure decreases the temperature of maximum density for freshwater because the formation of bulky ice crystals is inhibited
which of the following natural gasses is most common in gas hydrates from under the ocean floor? A) Ethane B) Carbon dioxide C) Hydrogen sulfide D) Propane E) Methane
methane
which of the following terms describes organisms living buried in the sand, shells or mud? A) Benthonektos B) Epifauna C) Infauna D) Nektobenthos E) Planktofauna
infauna
the doldrums refer to the same region as the ____ A) inter-tropical convergence zone B) trade winds C) subtropical jet stream D) jet stream E) subtropic
inter-tropical convergence zone
the movement of sea water at a pynocline creates _____ waves A) ocean B) splash C) internal D) turbidity E) tidal
internal
organisms with small bodies, extremely large mouths and sharp teeth are likely to be found in the ____ A) intertidal zone B) photic zone C) bathypelagic zone D) epipelagic zone E) neritic province
intertidal zone
the tide generating force varies ____ A) directly with the square of the distance between the objects B) inversely with the cube of the distance between the objects C) directly with the square of the distances of the objects divided by the product of the masses D) inversely with the square of the distance between the objects E) directly with the cube of the distance between the objects
inversely with the cube of the distance between the objects
human consumption of which of the following components of seawater helps to prevent goiter? A) Calcium B) Chloride C) Magnesium D) Sodium E) Iodine
iodine
The concentration of which of the following nutrients limits productivity in the waters near Antarctica and the Galapagos Islands? A) Silica B) Iron C) Nitrogen D) Phosphorus E) Sodium
iron
many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water A) contains ionic bonds B) exists in three states of matter on Earth's surface C) requires heat to condense D) is a universal solvent E) is a polar molecule
is a polar molecule
most marine species inhabit the benthic environment because it ____ A) is less stable than the terrestrial environment B) is a prime habitat for life C) is more stable than the planktonic environment D) doesn't have any sunlight E) is less stable than the planktonic environment
is less stable than the planktonic environment
so few of the worlds species live in the ocean because the marine environment ____ A) is a prime habitat for life B) is a poor habitat for life C) is less stable than the terrestrial environment D) doesn't have any sunlight E) is more stable than the terrestrial environment
is less stable than the terrestrial environment
Terrigenous sediement is another name for which of the following? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
lithogenous sediment
The island of java is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a ____ A) mid-ocean ridge B) hotspot C) island arc D) transform fault E) deep sea trench
island arc
the island of honshu is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a A) mid-ocean ridge B) hotspot C) island arc D) transform fault E) deep sea trench
island arc
the majority of marine invertebrates are ____ A) estuarine B) isotonic with respect to their environment C) adapted to life in the pelagic zone D) hypertonic with respect to their environment E) found only in benthic environments
isotonic with respect to their environment
Cruisers are thought to have relatively high body temperature because ________. A) it helps them blend more easily with their environment B) it increases the power output of muscle tissue C) they are cold blooded D) it assists them in predator avoidance E) they only need to move periodically
it increases the power output of muscle tissue
Which of the following is a member of the Phylum Cnidaria? A) Copepod B) Salp C) Jellyfish D) Sea gooseberry E) Nautilus
jellyfish
Which of the following toxins is responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans? A) Dioxin B) Ciguatera C) Gonyaulax D) Karenia E) Mercury
karenia
in order to keep up with the tidal force of the moon, the tidal bulge waveform moves across earths oceans at a speed of about 1600 ____ per hour A) centimeters B) kilometers C) meters D) miles E) fantoms
kilometers
which of the following is the msot specific taxonomic grouping shared by common dolphins and bat stars A) Phylum B) Species C) Order D) Genus E) Family
kingdom
which of the following associations is correct? A) Kingdom Eubacteria—bacteria in hydrothermal vents B) Kingdom Protista—mushrooms C) Kingdom Plantae—blue-green algae D) Kingdom Fungi—phytoplankton E) Kingdom Animalia—sponges
kingdom animalia -- sponges
Which of the following is not an adaptation of deep-sea fishes? A) Counter-illumination B) Good sensory devices such as sensitive lateral lines C) Hinged jaws D) Large body sizes E) Large mouths with sharp, needle-like teeth
large body sizes
Individual members of a feeding population in a food chain are generally ________ in size and ________ numerous than their prey. A) larger; more B) smaller; less C) larger; less D) smaller; more
larger; less
deep water currents move ____ volumes of water and are much _____ than surface currents A) larger; faster B) smaller; slower C) larger; slower D) smaller; faster
larger; slower
the max sustainable yield is best defined as ____ A) minimum catch that will still allow the population to increase B) largest catch that will cover the minimum cost of fishing C) annual harvest that will balance natural mortality and predation D) largest catch that can be taken without overfishing E) maximum fishing effort allowed after overfishing occurs
largest catch that can be taken without overfishing
the strength of a hurricane stems from waters A) latent heat of melting B) latent heat of fusion C) latent heat of sublimation D) latent heat of condensation E) latent heat of deposition
latent heat of condensation
When compared to the open ocean, solar energy extends ________ into the water column and concentrations of nutrients are ________ in coastal regions. A) deeper; lower B) less; greater C) less; lower D) deeper; greater
less; greater
productivity in polar ocean is ____ A) oxygen-limited B) light- and nutrient-limited C) nutrient- and oxygen-limited D) light-limited E) nutrient limited
light limited
Sediments derived from preexisting rocks on land are called A) hydrogenous B) biogenous C) cosmogenous D) volcanogenic E) lithogenous
lithogenous
compared with a solar day, a lunar day is A) twice the length of a solar day B) longer than a solar day C) shorter than a solar day D) equal to a solar day E) half the length of a solar day
longer than a solar day
Sound travels as _____ waves A) longitudinal B) orbital C) reflective D) refractive E) transverse
longitudinal
____ waves also known as push pull waves A) longitudinal B) orbital C) reflective D) refractive E) transverse
longitudinal
eroded material is carried along coastlines from high energy wave areas to _____ A) low-energy wave areas B) the nearshore zone C) the foreshore D) active offshore berms E) the backshore
low energy wave areas
Compred to Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water is ____ A) colder B) higher in salinity C) higher in nutrients D) denser E) lower in oxygen
lower in oxygen
White muscle tissue in fish supplies a much ________ amount of oxygen and supports a much ________ metabolic rate than red tissue. A) greater; higher B) greater; lower C) lower; lower D) lower; higher
lower; lower
plankton that measure between 2 to 20 centimeters are classified, based on size as which of the following? A) Macroplankton B) Phytoplankton C) Picoplankton D) Virioplankton E) Zooplankton
macroplankton
which of the following plankton are the largest? A) Macroplankton B) Phytoplankton C) Picoplankton D) Virioplankton E) Zooplankton
macroplankton
Identify the mismatched pair. A) Manatee—Cetacea B) Sea otter—Carnivora C) Dolphin—Cetacea D) Walrus—Pinnipedia E) Dugong—Sirenia
manatee -- cetacea
The gray whale and other baleen whales migrate every year to ________. A) feed in the tropics during the summer B) feed in the tropics during the winter C) mate and give birth in the tropics during the winter D) mate and give birth in the Arctic and Antarctic regions during the summer E) feed in the Arctic and Antarctic regions during the winter
mate and give birth in the tropics during the winter
when less saline water enters a marginal sea above a return flow of saltier water, the circulation pattern is called ____ A) lagoon circulation B) loop current circulation C) fjord circulation D) Mediterranean circulation E) estuarine circulation
mediterranean circulation
which of the following occurs at the same temperature as the freezing point? A) Boiling point B) Lagrangian point C) Freezing point D) Condensation point E) Polarization point
melting point
organisms that spend only part of their lives as plankton are called which of the following? A) Holoplankton B) Virioplankton C) Zooplankton D) Meroplankton E) Phytoplankton
meroplankton
planktonic organisms that spend part of their life in planktonic form and the rest of their life as either benthos or nekton are called ____ A) macroplankton B) meroplankton C) bacterioplankton D) zooplankton E) holoplankton
meroplankton
a dissolved oxygen minimum layer occurs in the ____ zone A) bathypelagic B) abyssopelagic C) nektopelagic D) mesopelagic E) epipelagic
mesopelagic
the ancient remains of which of the following, buried before they could decompose, are the source of today's petroleum deposits? A) Fish and amphibians B) Dinosaurs C) Peat and coal D) Microscopic organisms E) Land based plants
microscopic organisms
Cosmogenous sediments consists of 2 main types of sediment A) abyssal clays and evaporites B) biogenous oozes and evaporites C) biogenous oozes and macroscopic meteor debris D) microscopic spherules and abyssal clays E) microscopic spherules and macroscopic meteor debris
microscopic spherules and macroscopic meteor debris
Ascension Island is an exampe of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a _____ A) mid-ocean ridge B) hotspot C) island arc D) transform fault E) deep sea trench
mid ocean ridge
the most common tidal pattern around the world are _____ A) semidiurnal tides B) spring tides C) diurnal tides D) proxigean tides E) mixed tides
mixed tides
a group of 2 or more atoms held together by mutually shared electrons is called A) ions B) molecules C) neutrons D) electrons E) protons
molecules
Much of the profound influence water temperature has on marine life is because cold water is ________ dense and has a ________ viscosity than warm water. A) more; lower B) less; lower C) more; higher D) less; higher E) There is no relationship between density and viscosity.
more; higher
the minimum tidal range happens during ____ tides A) fall B) neap C) spring D) summer E) winter
neap
there is destructive interference between the lunar and solar tidal bulges during ___ tides A) fall B) neap C) spring D) summer E) winter
neap
the part of the shore that extends seaward from the low tide shoreline to the low tide breaker line is known as the ___ A) backshore B) foreshore C) nearshore D) offshore E) shoreline
nearshore
the seasonal temperature range in the deep ocean is usually ___ A) between −2° and 32°C B) between 8° and 25°C C) between 2° and 8°C D) between 0° and 15°C E) negligible
negligible
all animals capable of moving independently of the ocean currents are called? A) Animalia B) Plankton C) Benthos D) Plantae E) Nekton
nekton
which of the following includes most adult fish, marine mammals, marine reptiles, and some marine invertebrates? A) Animalia B) Plankton C) Benthos D) Plantae E) Nekton
nekton
which of the following word pairs correctly link a descriptor with the way in which the organism lives in the ocean? A) plankton—bottom-dwelling B) nekton—swim C) benthos—drift D) benthos—swim E) nekton—bottom-dwelling
nekton -- swim
Squids, fish, sea turtles, and marine mammals are examples of ________ organisms. A) nektonic B) phytoplanktonic C) zooplanktonic D) benthic E) abyssal
nektonic
sediments found on continental margins are called A) estuarine B) oceanic C) neritic D) pelagic E) continental
neritic
The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is ____ A) pelagic biogenous calcareous deposits B) manganese nodule deposits C) neritic siliceous sediment deposits D) neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits E) abyssal clay deposits
neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits
the 2 most abundant components of dry air are ____ A) oxygen and water vapor B) carbon dioxide and water vapor C) nitrogen and oxygen D) oxygen and carbon dioxide E) nitrogen and carbon dioxide
nitrogen and oxygen
the nutrients that tend to limit photosynthesis in marine environments include A) carbon dioxide and nitrogen B) carbon dioxide C) phosphorus D) nitrogen and phosphorus E) nitrogen
nitrogen and phosphorus
the term bycatch or incidental catch refers to __ A) krill and other shellfish B) species raised in aquaculture settings C) species caught as part of traditional fisheries D) non-target species that are caught along with commercial species E) species harvested for industrial purposes
non target species that are caught along with commercial species
The flow of energy through a biotic community is ________. A) cyclic and unidirectional B) noncyclic and unidirectional C) noncyclic and multidirectional D) cyclic and multidirectional
noncyclic and unidirectional
Which of the following ecosystems accounts for 35.6% of the world marine fishery? A) Coastal and coral systems B) Nontropical shelves C) Open ocean D) Tropical shelves E) Upwellings
nontropical shelves
the trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the northern hemisphere A) From northeast to southwest B) From northwest to southeast C) From southeast to northwest D) From southwest to northeas
northeast to southwest
The north atlantic current is an example of what type of current? A) Eastern Boundary Current B) Equatorial Counter Current C) Northern Boundary Current D) Southern Boundary Current E) Western Boundary Current
northern boundary current
the north pacific current is an example of what type of current? A) Eastern Boundary Current B) Equatorial Counter Current C) Northern Boundary Current D) Southern Boundary Current E) Western Boundary Current
northern boundary current
in the southern hemisphere the coastal geostrophic current curves ____ on the eastern coast of continents A) northward B) southward C) westward D) eastward
northward
The prevailing westerly wind blows in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere A) From northeast to southwest B) From northwest to southeast C) From southeast to northwest D) From southwest to northeas
northwest to southeast
the mealstrom off the coast of ____ is one of the strongest whirlpools in the world A) Norway B) Canada C) Italy D) Scotland E) Japan
norway
in temperate oceans of the northern hemisphere during the winter months ____ A) nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is low, and water temperatures decrease B) nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, and water temperatures decrease C) nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is high, and water temperatures decrease D) nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is high, and water temperatures increase E) nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is low, and water temperatures decrease
nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is low and water temperature decreases
in temperate oceans of the northern hemisphere during the summer months ____ A) nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is low, and water temperatures decrease B) nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, and water temperatures decrease C) nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is high, and water temperatures decrease D) nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is high, and water temperatures increase E) nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is low, and water temperatures decrease
nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, dissolved oxygen decreases
In middle latitude (temperate) oceans, primary productivity is limited by ________ in the spring and by ________ in the fall. A) nutrient supply; available sunlight B) nutrient supply; nutrient supply C) available sunlight; nutrient supply D) available sunlight; available sunlight
nutrient supply; available sunlight
the movement of air across the ocean surface creates ____ waves A) ocean B) tidal C) turbidity D) atmospheric E) splash
ocean
The aleutian islands are an example of ______ plate boundary A) a continental-continental convergent B) a continental-continental divergent C) an oceanic-oceanic convergent D) an oceanic-continental convergent E) a continental transform
oceanic oceanic convergent
New lithosphere is produced in association with ____ A) transform faults B) hydrothermal vents C) oceanic ridges D) deep-sea trenches E) fracture zones
oceanic ridges
The steeply sloping and slower spreading parts of the mid ocean ridges are called A) oceanic rises B) guyots C) nemataths D) volcanic arcs E) oceanic ridges
oceanic ridges
Segments of the oceanic ridge system that are gentler and less rugged in slope due to faster rates of seafloor spreading are called _____ A) oceanic rises B) convergent plate boundaries C) deep-sea trenches D) transform faults E) fracture zones
oceanic rises
The gently sloping and fast spreading parts of the mid ocean ridge are called A) oceanic rises B) guyots C) nemataths D) volcanic arcs E) oceanic ridges
oceanic rises
The Eltanin Fault is an example of ____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental convergent B) a continental-continental divergent C) oceanic transform D) an oceanic-continental convergent E) a continental transform
oceanic transform
The Mendocino Fault is an example of ____ plate boundary A) a continental-continental convergent B) a continental-continental divergent C) an oceanic-oceanic convergent D) an oceanic-continental convergent E) a oceanic transform
oceanic transform
Volcanic features on the ocean floor that are less than 1000 meter (.6miles) tall are called A) tablemounts B) seamounts C) oceanic ridges D) abyssal hills E) oceanic trenches
oceanic trenches
along the margins of the pacific are found most of earths A) tablemounts B) seamounts C) oceanic ridges D) abyssal hills E) oceanic trenches
oceanic trenches
high latitude ocean water tends to support large planktonic communities because _____ A) of the longer summer day length B) there is abundant light C) of higher dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations D) of higher dissolved carbon dioxide E) there are fewer predators that feed on plankton
of higher dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations
the part of the shore beyond the low tide breaker line and is deep enough that waves rarely affect the bottom is known as the ____ A) backshore B) foreshore C) nearshore D) offshore E) shoreline
offshore
Organisms which feed directly on plants, algae, and other animals are called ________. A) autotrophic B) bacteriovores C) carnivores D) herbivores E) omnivores
omnivores
an area that experiences diurnal tides will have _____ A) one high tide and two low tides daily B) two unequal low and high tides daily C) two high tides and two low tides of nearly equal height daily D) one low tide and two high tides daily E) one high tide and one low tide daily
one high tide and one low tide daily
in the clearest ocean water, solar energy may be detected to depths of ____ A) one kilometer B) 20 meters C) one to two kilometers D) 100 meters E) two to three kilometers
one kilometer
Ocean surface currents transfer about ____ of the total amount of heat from the tropics to the poles A) three-fourths B) one-half C) one-fourth D) one-third E) two-thirds
one third
the type of circulation pattern found in laguna madre is ____ A) wind-driven circulation pattern B) slightly stratified circulation pattern C) vertically mixed circulation pattern D) salt wedge pattern E) opposite of the typical estuarine circulation pattern
opposite of the typical estuarine circulation pattern
Which of the following deep-water fish was original called the slimehead and is now on the Seafood Watch List of fish to avoid purchasing? A) Patagonian Toothfish B) Alaskan Salmon C) Orange Roughy D) Chilean Seabass E) Greenland Halibut
orange roughy
_____ waves also known as interface waves A) longitudinal B) orbital C) reflective D) refractive E) transverse
orbital
waves at the ocean surface are ____ waves A) longitudinal B) orbital C) reflective D) refractive E) transverse
orbital
Water waves are ____ A) orbital waves B) longitudinal waves C) capillary waves D) transverse waves
orbital waves
which of the following statements is true regarding pH is true? A) pH relates to relative acid-base ion balance in a solution. B) A pH of 10 is acidic, and a pH of 3 is alkaline. C) pH will change in deeper water when organisms with calcite shells sink. D) As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic. E) Buffers accelerate large changes in the pH of a solution.
pH relates to relative acid base ion balance in a solution
a vast majority of all large tsunami are generated in the ____ ocean A) Atlantic B) Pacific C) Southern D) Indian E) Antarctic
pacific
The study of how the ocean, atmosphere, and land have interacted in the past to produce changes in ocean chemistry, circulation, biology, and climate is called ____ A) paleoceanography B) plate tectonics C) biogeochemistry D) climatology E) historical oceanography
paleoceanography
A squids mouthpiece resembles a ________. A) volcanic crater B) suction cup C) dog's mouth D) dolphin's blowhole E) parrot's beak
parrots beak
Sea anemone are an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. A) filter B) deposit C) active predation D) photosynthetic E) passive predation
passive predation
tidal ranges will be greatest when the earth and the moon are at ____ A) perigee B) apogee C) perihelion D) proxigean E) aphelion
perigee
the time between 2 successive waves is called the ____ A) period B) crest C) height D) frequency E) trough
period
With respect to mid ocean ridges transform faults are ____ A) perpendicular to the ridge axis B) located in submarine canyons C) parallel to the rift valley D) associated with hydrothermal vents
perpendicular to the ridge axis
plankton that measure between 0.2 to 2 microns are classified, based on size, as which of the following? A) Macroplankton B) Phytoplankton C) Picoplankton D) Virioplankton E) Zooplankton
picoplankton
most of earths mass of living organisms that consists of which of the following? A) Nekton B) Plankton C) Benthos D) Animalia E) Plantae
plankton
which of the following kingdoms contains the multicelled plants (photosynthesize) A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Protista
plantae
which of the following kingdoms has only a few species living in the marine environment? A) Archaebacteria B) Eubacteria C) Fungi D) Plantae E) Protista
plantae
what type of breaker is the best for surfing? A) Plunging breaker B) Spilling breaker C) Standing breaker D) Surging breaker E) Swelling breaker
plunging breaker
which type of breaker has a curling crest that moves over an air pocket? A) Plunging breaker B) Spilling breaker C) Standing breaker D) Surging breaker E) Swelling breaker
plunging breaker
waves that are breaking along the shore and are forming a curling crest over an air pocket are called A) surf B) gravity waves C) swells D) plunging breakers E) spilling breakers
plunging breakers
which type of breaker forms on moderately steep beach slopes? A) Plunging breaker B) Spilling breaker C) Standing breaker D) Surging breaker E) Swelling breaker
plunging breakers
the oceanic climate region that is characterized by sea ice coverage in the winter and open water (but cold) in the summer is _____ A) polar B) temperate C) subtropical D) subpolar E) tropical
polar
hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of A) viscosity of water B) surface tension of water C) polarity of water molecules D) sharing of electrons between the atoms E) transfer of electrons between the atoms
polarity of water molecules
Polar high pressure occurs in which of the following regions? A) Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) B) 5 to 30 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 30 to 60 degrees E) 60 degrees F) 60 to 90 degrees G) Poles (90 degrees)
poles (90 degrees)
Warm currents flowing ____ on the ____ sides of continents produce warm, humid conditions A) toward the equator; western B) poleward; eastern C) poleward; western D) toward the equator; eastern
poleward eastern
refraction causes bays, near headlands, to be areas of _____ surfing and sites of ______ A) poor; deposition B) good; erosion C) poor; erosion D) good; deposition
poor; deposition
A person experiences a popping feeling in their ears during the takeoff or landing of an airplane or while driving on steep mountain roads due to changes in the ________ of the atmosphere. A) water vapor content B) temperature C) pressure D) movement E) density
pressure
Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly? A) Radio-transmitting float bottles B) Accidental spills from container ships C) Pressure gradients D) Propeller flow meters E) Free-drifting Argo floats
pressure gradients
planktonic organisms often have needle like structures that ____ A) serve as a "skeleton" to support the diatom B) prevent sinking C) increase density D) are used as a defense mechanism E) are used as paddles to catch ocean currents
prevent sinking
Most active swimming fish use dorsal and anal fins ________. A) for swim propulsion B) primarily as stabilizers C) to hold onto prey D) to increase the surface area E) to turn, brake, and balance
primarily as stabilizers
Most active swimming fish use vertical fins ________. A) for swim propulsion B) primarily as stabilizers C) to hold onto prey D) to increase the surface area E) to turn, brake, and balance
primarily as stabilizers
in general, the rate at which energy is stored by organisms through the formation of organic matter is called A) chlorophyll B) biomass C) primary productivity D) compensation depth E) upwelling
primary productivity
Organisms within an ecosystem that nourish themselves through either photosynthesis or chemosynthesis are called ________. A) producers B) animals C) consumers D) decomposers E) heterotrophic
producers
The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called A) dilution B) erosion C) ecology D) productivity E) destruction
productivity
an area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is the _____ A) isocline B) pycnocline C) halocline D) barocline E) thermocline
pycnocline
many of the organisms responsible for toxic red tides and paralytic shellfish poisoning belong to the divsion A) Bacillariophyta B) Phaeophyta C) Chrysophyta D) Pyrrophyta E) Rhodophyta
pyrrophyta
which of the following rivers has the largest tidal bores in the world? A) Amazon B) Qiantang C) Mississippi D) Mekon E) Thames
qiantang
narrow currents flowing across the surf zone toward the open ocean are called A) rip currents B) longshore currents C) surf flow D) nearshore currents E) swash
rip currents
Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly? A) Radio-transmitting float bottles B) Accidental spills from container ships C) Free-drifting Argo floats D) Radar altimeters E) Propeller flow meters
radar altimeters
Which of the following are single-celled, microscopic protozoans that build their hard shells out of silica? A) Coccolithophores B) Copepods C) Ctenophores D) Foraminifers E) Radiolarians
radiolarians
demand for which of the following resources has skyrocketed in recent years? A) Manganese nodules and crusts B) Phosphorite C) Sand and gravel D) Rare-earth elements E) Gas hydrates
rare earth elements
Which of the following is the major environmental concern regarding the release of methane from the sea floor to the atmosphere? A) Release of large quantities of methane from the ocean causes dramatic effects on global climate. B) At least fifty deep-ocean floor sites may contain extensive methane hydrate deposits. C) Sea floor methane seeps support a rich community of organisms that depend on the methane. D) Sudden releases of methane hydrates have been linked to underwater slope failures. E) Methane is created when bacteria break down organic matter trapped in sea floor sediments
release of large quantities of methane from the ocean causes dramatic effects on global climate
the difference between centripetal forces and gravitational forces is called the ____ A) resultant force B) diurnal force C) solar force D) dynamic force E) tidal force
resultant force
whirlpools can be created in some restricted shallow passages due to ____ A) wave refraction B) tsunamis or tidal waves C) reversing tidal currents D) a vertically mixed estuary E) tidal bores up low-lying rivers
reversing tidal currents
the most abundant marine macroscopic algae are members of the division ____ A) Bacillariophyta B) Phaeophyta C) Chrysophyta D) Chlorophyta E) Rhodophyta
rhodophya
Which of the following types of caudal fins is flexible and useful in accelerating and maneuvering at slow speeds? A) Forked caudal fin B) Heterocercal caudal fin C) Lunate caudal fin D) Rounded caudal fin E) Truncate caudal fin
rounder caudal fin
Estuarine circulation associated with a deep, high river volume system where no horizontal salinity gradient exists at the surface is called a ________. A) vertically mixed estuary B) bar-built estuary C) highly stratified estuary D) salt wedge estuary E) slightly stratified estuary
salt wedge estuary
which of the following best describes the distillation method for desalination? A) A current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by semipermeable membranes from seawater. B) Large icebergs are brought to coastal waters off countries that need freshwater where they are melted. C) Saltwater is boiled and the water vapor is passed through a cooling condenser, where it condenses as freshwater. D) Seawater is frozen and thawed multiple times, with the salts washed from the ice between each thawing. E) Water on the salty side of a semipermeable membrane is pushed under high pressure through the membrane to the freshwater side.
saltwater is boiled and the water vapor is passed through a cooling condenser, where it condenses as freshwater
air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a ____ A) cold front B) land breeze C) typhoon D) sea breeze E) tropical cyclone
sea breeze
which of the following, from earliest to latest, represents that typical wave formation? A) Sea, swell, surf B) Swell, sea, surf C) Surf, swell, sea D) Sea, surf, swell E) Surf, sea, swell
sea, swell, surf
Volcanic peaks that are below sea level but rise more than 1 kilometer above the deep-ocean floor and have a pointy top like an upside-down ice cream cone are called ________. A) guyots B) nemataths C) seaknolls D) seamounts E) islands
seamounts
which of the following is an example of hard stabilization? A) Beach replenishment B) Construction restrictions C) Relocation D) Beach renourishment E) Seawalls
seawalls
which of thefollowing best describes the freeze separation method for desalination? A) A current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by semipermeable membranes from seawater. B) Large icebergs are brought to coastal waters off countries that need freshwater where they are melted. C) Saltwater is boiled and the water vapor is passed through a cooling condenser, where it condenses as freshwater. D) Seawater is frozen and thawed multiple times, with the salts washed from the ice between each thawing. E) Water on the salty side of a semipermeable membrane is pushed under high pressure through the membrane to the freshwater side.
seawater is frozen and thawed multiple times with the salts washed from the ice between each thawing
the ____ zone is also known as the shallow subtidal zone A) subneritic B) bathyal C) littoral D) supralittoral E) sublittoral
sublittoral
oceanographers who want to know about ocean structure beneath the sea floor use which of the following techniques? A) Seismic Reflection B) Side-scan Sonar C) Sounding D) Magnetometer E) Multibeam Sonar
seismic reflection
which of the following existing or proposed tidal power plants would upon completion produce the most electricity A) Severn Estuary B) La Race River C) Sihwa Lake D) Cook Inlet E) Annapolis River
severn estuary
a tsunami is considered to be a ____ A) reflected wave B) shallow-water wave C) capillary wave D) deep-water wave E) refracted wave
shallow water wave
the zone that lies between the lowest tide level and the highest elevation on land that is affected by storm wave is known as the ____ A) coastline B) wave front C) coast D) shore E) beach
shore
constructive interference results in larger waves whereas destructive interference produces _____ A) tsunamis B) rouge waves C) capillary waves D) smaller waves E) swells
smaller waves
Which of the following animals uses a swim bladder to achieve neutral buoyancy? A) Tuna B) Sepia C) Sharks D) Nautilus E) Snapper
snapper
which of the following is not an important seawater nutrient needed by phytoplankton? A) Sodium B) Phosphorus C) Iron D) Silica E) Nitroge
sodium
which of the following is the most abundant positively charged component of seawater? A) Calcium B) Chloride C) Magnesium D) Sodium E) Sulfate
sodium
The first recorded attempt to measure the oceans depth was conducted using which of the following techniques A) Multibeam Sonar B) Side-scan Sonar C) Magnetometer D) Sounding E) Seismic Reflection
sounding
Which of the following atlantic suptropical gyre boundary currents is split into 2 by a large landmass A) Canary Current B) North Atlantic Current C) Benguela Current D) South Equatorial Current E) Brazil Current
south equatorial current
Coastal upwelling along the coast of Chile is a result of winds from the ____ turning towards the ____ due to Ekman transport A) north; right B) south; right C) south; left D) north; left
south; left
the polar easterly winds blow in which of the following directions in the southern hemisphere? A) From northeast to southwest B) From northwest to southeast C) From southeast to northwest D) From southwest to northeast
southeast to northwest
the west wind drift is an example of which type of current?
southern boundary current
Which of the following is not a baleen whale? A) Gray whales B) Fin whales C) Blue whales D) Right whales E) Sperm whales
sperm whales
Which of the following is not a member of the Order Carnivora? A) Polar bears B) Sea otters C) Seals D) Sea lions E) Sperm whales
sperm whales
which type of breaker has a longer life span and give surfers a longer ride than other breakers A) Plunging breaker B) Spilling breaker C) Standing breaker D) Surging breaker E) Swelling breaker
spilling breaker
which type of breaker is a turbulent mass of air and water that runs down the front slope of the wave as it breaks? A) Plunging breaker B) Spilling breaker C) Standing breaker D) Surging breaker E) Swelling breaker
spilling breaker
which type of breaker results from a gently sloped ocean bottom, which gradually extracts energy from the wave over an extended distance and produces breakers with low overall energy? A) Plunging breaker B) Spilling breaker C) Standing breaker D) Surging breaker E) Swelling breaker
spilling breaker
If a surfer wishes to have a really long ride, what type of wave should they look for? A) Gravity waves B) Spilling breakers C) Swells D) Plunging breakers E) Surf
spilling breakers
Which of the following animals uses an internal chambered structure as a rigid gas container to achieve neutral buoyancy? A) Spirula B) Grouper C) Nautilus D) Tuna E) Snapper
spirula
Which of the following squids is the least active? A) Loligo B) Nautilus C) Spirula D) Architeuthis E) Ommastrephes
spirula
a linear ridge of sediment attached to land at one end might be called a A) bay barrier B) tombolo C) barrier island D) spit E) bay-mouth bar
spit
large icebergs that fall from coastal glaciers create ____ waves A) turbidity B) splash C) ocean D) internal E) seismic sea
splash
the mass of a population of fish present at a given time is called its ____ A) maximum sustainable yield B) standing stock C) fish stock D) recruitment mass E) diversity
standing stock
which of the following statements comparing covalent and hydrogen bonding is correct? A) Stronger covalent bonds occur between adjacent water molecules and weaker hydrogen bonds form within water molecules. B) Stronger covalent bonds occur within water molecules and weaker hydrogen bonds form between adjacent water molecules. C) Weaker covalent bonds occur within water molecules and stronger hydrogen bonds form between adjacent water molecules. D) Weaker covalent bonds occur between adjacent water molecules and stronger hydrogen bonds form within water molecules.
stronger covalent bonds occur within water molecules and weaker hydrogen bonds form between adjacent water molecules
the inner ____ zone extends to the depth at which marine algae no loner grow attached to the ocean bottom A) subneritic B) bathyal C) littoral D) supralittoral E) sublittoral
sublittoral
the ____ province extends from the spring high tide shoreline to a depth of 200m A) bathyal B) littoral C) sublittoral D) subneritic E) supralittoral
subneritic
the _____ province approximately encompasses the continental shelf A) bathyal B) littoral C) sublittoral D) subneritic E) supralittoral
subneritic
which of the following is not a source of deep water in the ocean A) Subtropical convergences B) Antarctic convergence C) Arctic convergence D) Southern subpolar latitudes E) Northern subpolar latitudes
subtropical convergences
which of the following is second most abundant negatively charged component of seawater? A) Calcium B) Chloride C) Magnesium D) Sodium E) Sulfate
sulfate
the sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the tropic of cancer, during the ____ A) summer solstice B) winter solstice C) vernal equinox D) ecliptic E) autumnal equinox
summer solstice
the single most importnt factor that determines the distribution of life in the oceanic province is ____ A) temperature B) sunlight C) diffusion D) salinity E) pressure
sunlight
the ____ is covered with water only during periods of extremely high tides and when tsunami or large storm waves break on the shore A) bathyal B) littoral C) sublittoral D) subneritic E) supralittoral
supralittoral
some planktonic marine organisms, especially those that live in warm water, have unusual appendages to increase their ____ A) body mass B) surface area C) hunting skills D) sexual attractiveness E) overall size
surface area
which of the following statements is true of surface ocean currents? A) Surface currents occur within and below the pycnocline. B) Surface currents transport cold water toward the poles. C) Surface currents transport warm water toward the equator. D) Surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called "gyres." E) Surface currents concentrate warm water in the center of the gyre at mid latitudes.
surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called gyres
Board surfers tend to avoid which type of breaker because they break right at the shoreline? A) Plunging breaker B) Spilling breaker C) Standing breaker D) Surging breaker E) Swelling breaker
surging breaker
which type of breaker forms when the waves build up and break right at the shoreline? A) Plunging breaker B) Spilling breaker C) Standing breaker D) Surging breaker E) Swelling breaker
surging breaker
Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following processes? A) Suspension settling B) Grain lithification C) Porosity reduction D) Sediment compaction E) Paleooceanograph
suspension settling
Waves that are moving faster than local wind and are sorted out by wavelength are called ____ A) constructive waves B) surf C) wind waves D) swell E) capillary waves
swell
Volcanoes on the seafloor that are flat topped because of wave erosion are called _____ A) hotspots B) guyots C) tablemounts D) mantle plumes E) seamounts
tablemounts
which of the following estuaries forms when the sea floods a downdropped area caused by faulting? A) Coastal Plain Estuary B) Delta System C) Bar-Built Estuary D) Tectonic Estuary E) Fjord
tectionic estuary
A tsunami may result from _____ A) an intense storm B) a large deep-water wave C) a storm surge D) tectonic activity on the seafloor E) constructive wave interference
tectonic activity on the seafloor
an estuary produced by faulting or folding of rocks that creates a dropped down section into which a river flows is called a ___ A) vertically mixed estuary B) fjord C) coastal plain estuary D) bar-built estuary E) tectonic estuary
tectonic estuary
Most marginal seas result from which of the following? A) Ocean currents B) Tectonic events C) Geostrophic flow D) River erosion E) Glacial erosion
tectonic events
the water level of eastern mediterranean sea is lower than the level at the strait of gibraltar due to which of the following? A) Ocean currents B) Tectonic events C) Geostrophic flow D) River erosion E) Glacial erosion
tectonic events
2 factors that are most important in determining the density of air are: A) temperature and salinity B) temperature and water vapor content C) carbon dioxide and water vapor content D) temperature and ozone E) nitrogen and water vapor content
temperature and water vapor content
compared to freshwater fishes, marine fishes _____ A) tend to lose water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is lower than that of seawater B) drink seawater and produce a large volume of urine C) produce a large volume of dilute urine in an effort to rid their bodies of excess water D) tend to gain water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is higher than that of seawater E) do not drink seawater in an effort to conserve as much water as possible
tend to lose water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is lower than that of seawater
The term referring to the size an shape of sediment particles is A) texture B) angularity C) composition D) provenance E) fabric
texture
Which of the following statements regarding sea lions and fur seals is correct? A) They can ascend climb stairs and do other acrobatic tricks. B) Their tusks are used for hauling themselves onto icebergs. C) They are called the earless seals. D) They have prominent claws that extend from their fore flippers. E) They cannot move their rear flippers underneath their bodies.
the can ascend climb stairs and do other acrobatic tricks
which of the following is an application of the principle of constant proportions? A) Increasing pressure increases the number of water molecules in a given volume and inhibits the number of ice crystals. B) Siliceous ooze accumulates on the ocean floor as it is being dissolved because it accumulates siliceous tests faster than seawater can dissolve them. C) The concentration of a single major constituent can be measured to determine the total salinity of a water sample. D) Calcium carbonate dissolves at an increasing rate with increasing depth until the calcite compensation depth is reached.
the concentration of a single major constituent can be measured to determine the total salinity of a water sample
Collecting adequate samples from which of the following is most difficult? A) Marine sediments on land B) Estuaries and lagoons C) The deep-ocean floor D) Continental shelf
the deep ocean floor
which of the following best defines temperature? A) The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. B) The direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance's molecules. C) The energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold molecules in place. D) The energy transfer from one body to another due to a difference in temperature. E) Weak interactions that become significant when molecules are very close tog
the direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substances molecules
the fetch refers to ______ A) the distance between the trough of a wave and the still water level B) a method of shoreline erosion control C) the circular pattern made by water particles when a wave passes D) the distance over which the wind blows without interruption E) a type of wave-cut p
the distance over which the wind blows without interruption
in a bay experiencing a mixed tidal pattern, which of the following represents the highest ebb or flood velocity? A) The flood current between the lower low water tide and the lower low water tide B) The few minutes during the highest high slack water C) The ebb current between the lower high water tide and the higher low water tide D) The flood current between the higher low water tide and the higher low water tide E) The ebb current between the higher high water tide and the lower low water tide
the ebb current between the higher high water tide and the lower low water tide
which of the following best defines latent heat? A) The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. B) The direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance's molecules. C) The energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold molecules in place. D) The energy transfer from one body to another due to a difference in temperature. E) Weak interactions that become significant when molecules are very close tog
the energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold molecules in place
which of the following best defines heat? A) The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. B) The direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance's molecules. C) The energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold molecules in place. D) The energy transfer from one body to another due to a difference in temperature. E) Weak interactions that become significant when molecules are very close tog
the energy transfer from one body to another due to a difference in temperature
which of the following best defines condensation point? A) The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas B) The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid C) The temperature at which a solid changes to a gas D) The highest temperature at which a gas changes to a liquid
the highest temperature at which a gas changes to a liquid
which of the following statements comparing a tidal power electricity generating with conventional thermal power plant is correct? A) Conventional thermal power is considered a cleaner and renewable resource. B) The periodicity of the tides is an advantage of a tidal power electricity-generating plant. C) The operating costs of a tidal power electricity-generating plant are higher. D) The initial cost of building a tidal power electricity-generating plant may are higher. E) Tidal power initially requires fossil or nuclear fuels to get started.
the initial cost of building a tidal power electricity generating plant may are higher
which of the following statements comparing a tidal power electricity generating with conventional thermal power plant is correct? A) The initial cost of building a tidal power electricity-generating plant may are lower. B) Tidal power initially requires fossil or nuclear fuels to get started. C) The periodicity of the tides is an advantage of a tidal power electricity-generating plant. D) The operating costs of a tidal power electricity-generating plant are lower. E) Conventional thermal power is considered a cleaner and renewable resource.
the initial cost of building a tidal power electricity generating plant may are lower
which of the following statements about the coriolis effect is correct? A) The Coriolis effect is strongest between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. B) The maximum Coriolis effect is at the equator, and there is no Coriolis effect at the poles. C) There is no Coriolis effect for objects moving due south from the equator. D) The magnitude of the Coriolis effect depends on how long the object is in motion.
the magnitude of the coriolis effect depends on how long the object is in motion
which of the following statements is true about the mediterranean sea? A) The Mediterranean Sea is underlain by continental crust. B) The Mediterranean Sea is the remnant of the ancient Atlantic Ocean. C) The Mediterranean Sea nearly dried up about 10,000 years ago. D) The Mediterranean Sea is several connected small seas. E) The Mediterranean Intermediate water flows eastward toward Cyprus.
the mediterranean sea is several connected small seas
which of the following statements about the movement of earths atmosphere is correct? A) A column of cool, dense air produces low pressure at the Earth's surface. B) Cold air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface. C) A column of warm, less dense air produces high pressure at the Earth's surface. D) Warm air is denser than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface. E) The movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the wind belts.
the movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the wind belts
which of the following best describes littoral drift? A) The movement of sediment in a zigzag fashion caused by the longshore current. B) The formation of a rocky flattened beach face with a narrow berm. C) The formation of a sandy steep beach face with a wide berm. D) The building of a berm at the expense of a longshore bar caused by light wave activity. E) The use of floating objects such as shoes from shipping mishaps to track currents
the movement of sediment in a zig zag fashion caused by the longshore current
The recent abundance of the Maine Lobster in the North Atlantic Ocean is due to ________. A) limiting fishing to one month a year B) an on-shore breeding program C) the overfishing of cod D) a lobster fishing moratorium E) human-induced climate change
the overfishing of cod
In the US mixed tides commonly occur along _____ A) Cape Cod B) the Gulf of Mexico coast C) the Atlantic coast D) the Pacific coast E) the Florida Keys
the pacific coast
Relatively few abyssal plains are located in the pacific ocean due to ____ A) the absence of convergent active margins B) its smaller size compared to other ocean basins C) the presence of seamounts D) the presence of convergent active margins E) its location in northern and southern hemispheres
the presence of convergent active margins
the el nino southern oscillation can be best described as _____ A) tidal differences between coastal Peru and Darwin, Australia B) the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure C) wind speed and wind direction differences along the equator D) relative changes between two different atmospheric pressure systems at high altitude E) variation in wind speed over the Pacific Ocean
the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure
the principle of constant proportions states that A) the percentage of sodium varies with ocean depth B) the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change C) ocean salinity varies as a function of season D) the percentage of chloride varies with geographical location E) ocean salinity varies with geographical location
the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change
Isostatic movement of coastline might occur due to ____ A) uplift related to earthquake activity B) the removal of a large glacier that rested in that area C) changes in the rate of seafloor spreading D) additional seawater E) underwater landslides
the removal of a large glacier that rested in that area
Which part of earth's cumulative hypsographic curve includes the mid ocean ridges? A) The gentle slope above sea level B) The long and flat part below sea level C) The shallowest slope below sea level D) The steep deepest part below sea level E) The steep segment above sea level
the shallowest slope below sea level
Satellites are used to map the ocean floor because A) the shape of the ocean surface reflects large features on the seafloor B) they are inexpensive to build and launch C) they can't cover areas where ships have not produced surveys D) they are affected by surface weather E) they can only "see" small areas of the seafloor at one time
the shape of the ocean surfce reflects large features on the seafloor
Covalent bonds are formed by which of the following? A) Weak electrostatic attraction between charged areas of adjacent molecules B) The energy transfer from one body to another C) The bonding of cations and anions D) The sharing of electrons between atoms E) The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
the sharing of electrons between atoms
which of the following best explains why there is a difference between a lunar day and a solar day? A) The Moon must rotate an additional 50 minutes to catch up to Earth. B) During one Earth rotation, the Moon has continued orbiting Earth. C) The solar day and lunar day are measured from different meridians. D) The tide-generating forces of the Sun and Moon are working at right angles. E) The Sun has a stronger pull on the larger Earth versus the smaller Moon.
the sun has a stronger pull on the larger earth versus the smaller moon
which of the following best defines boiling point? A) The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas B) The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid C) The temperature at which a solid changes to a gas D) The highest temperature at which a gas changes to a liquid
the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
which of the following best defines a freezing point? A) The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas B) The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid C) The temperature at which a solid changes to a gas D) The highest temperature at which a gas changes to a liquid
the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid
which of the following best defines melting point? A) The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas B) The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid C) The temperature at which a solid changes to a gas D) The highest temperature at which a gas changes to a liquid
the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid
which of the following powers tropical cyclones? A) A density-driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and salinity. B) The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses. C) Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another. D) An apparent force resulting from Earth's rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected.
the vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses
The Ekman spiral is caused by ___ A) pressure gradients B) the wind and the Coriolis effect C) the pycnocline D) the wind and gravity E) density differences in the water column
the wind and the coriolis effect
in primary production ___ A) there is a net gain in organic carbon by organisms B) carbon dioxide is released into the water C) oxygen utilized by animals is less than the oxygen consumed by autotrophs D) oxygen is utilized by plants E) proteins are made by animals
there is a net gain in organic carbon byy organisms
which of the following occurs when seafloor spreading rates increase? A) New continental crust forms B) Subduction increases C) Sea level falls D) There is a rise in sea level E) There is no change in sea level
there is a rise in sea level
A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the _____ A) isocline B) pycnocline C) halocline D) barocline E) thermocline
thermocline
Which of the following statements regarding sea otters is correct? A) Their bodies are covered with sparse hairs, which are concentrated around the mouth. B) They are some of the largest marine mammals. C) They are one of the few types of animals known to use tools. D) They continually lick themselves to clean their fur and add an insulating layer of air. E) They no longer inhabit all areas where they were hunted.
they are one of the few types of animals known to use tools
Which of the following statements regarding sea lions and fur seals is correct? A) They can ascend climb stairs and do other acrobatic tricks. B) Their tusks are used for hauling themselves onto icebergs. C) They are called the earless seals. D) They have prominent claws that extend from their fore flippers. E) They cannot move their rear flippers underneath their bodies.
they have a paddle
Which of the following statements regarding walruses is correct? A) Their hair is hollow for better insulation. B) Their sharp claws are used for hauling themselves onto icebergs. C) Their tusks are used for prying and killing. D) They lack an insulating layer of blubber. E) They have ivory tusks up to 1 meter long.
they have ivory tusks up to 1 meter long
Which of the following statements regarding polar bears is correct? A) They have small teeth and sharp claws, which they use for prying and killing. B) They have massive webbed paws that make them excellent swimmers. C) They were hunted to the brink of extinction in the late 1800s. D) Their fur is thick, and each hair is dense for better insulation. E) Their diet consists mainly of walrus.
they have massive webbed paws that make them excellent swimmers
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Class Mammalia? A) The females of each species have mammary glands. B) They breathe air. C) They are warm-blooded. D) They have hair or fur at some point during development. E) They lay eggs.
they lay eggs
Which of the following statements about marine sediments is correct? A) They contain plant fossils used to map the movement of the continents. B) They record the timing and severity of some global extinction events. C) They provide a discontinuous, disturbed record of Earth history. D) They are useful for determining the distribution of ancient dinosaurs.
they record the timing and severity of some global extinction events
Which of the following characteristics is not found in cruising fishes such as tuna? A) They swim constantly in search of prey. B) They tend to have lunate tails. C) They are capable of short periods of high-speed swimming. D) Their muscle tissues are mostly red. E) They rely on a swim bladder for neutral buoyancy.
they swim constantly in search of prey
White muscle tissue in fish is ________ and contains much ________ concentrations of myoglobin than red muscle tissue. A) thicker; lower B) thinner; higher C) thinner; lower D) thicker; higher
thicker; lower
Red muscle tissue in fish is ________ and contains much ________ concentrations of myoglobin than white muscle tissue. A) thinner; higher B) thicker; higher C) thicker; lower D) thinner; lower
thinner; higher
overall, as many as two _____ new marine and terrestrial species are discovered each year A) score B) dozen C) thousand D) million E) hundred
thousand
which of the following statements comparing a tidal power electricity generating with conventional thermal power plant is correct? A) The operating costs of a tidal power electricity-generating plant are higher. B) Tidal power initially requires fossil or nuclear fuels to get started. C) Tidal power is considered a cleaner and renewable resource. D) The initial cost of building a tidal power electricity-generating plant may are lower. E) The periodicity of the tides is an advantage of a tidal power electricity-generating plant.
tidal power is considered a cleaner and renewable resource
the force that creates 2 simultaneous ocean bulges on opposite sides of earth, directed toward or away from the moon is called the _____ force A) tide-generating B) zenith C) barycentric D) nadir E) oceanographic
tide generating
if the resultant force has a significant horizontal component (tangential to earths surface) it produces tidal bulges on earth creating what are known as ____ A) tide-generating forces B) centripetal forces C) solar bulges D) resultant forces E) lunar bulges
tide generating forces
The function of a swim bladder is ________. A) to prevent predators from eating the puffer fish B) to assist the organism in steering with the currents C) to increase the surface area of the organism to prevent sinking D) to allow a fish to change position in the water column E) to increase the density of the organism to keep it afloat
to increase the surface area and prevent sinking
in the southern hemisphere the direction of ekman transport is always____ A) to the east of the wind direction B) parallel to the wind direction C) at a 45° angle from the wind direction D) to the left of the wind direction E) to the right of the wind direction
to the left of the wind direction
as a result of the coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected ____ A) at a 90° angle from their original direction B) at a 45° angle from their original direction C) to the left of their original direction D) to the right of their original direction E) to the east of their original direction
to the right of their original direction
Most active swimming fish use pelvic fins and pectoral fins ________. A) for swim propulsion B) primarily as stabilizers C) to hold onto prey D) to increase the surface area E) to turn, brake, and balance
to turn, brake, and balance
the uplift or downdropping of large areas of the sea floor creates ____ waves A) tsunami B) splash C) ocean D) internal E) tidal
tsunami
Which of the following differences between warm-water and cold-water species is not directly caused by differences in water temperature? A) Cold water organisms reproduce later and less frequently than those in tropical waters. B) Floating organisms are physically smaller in warm waters than in colder waters. C) Warm-water species often have ornate plumage which is absent in the larger cold-water species. D) Tropical organisms grow faster and have a shorter life expectancy than those in colder water. E) Total biomass of plankton in the tropics is far less than that found in high-latitude waters
total biomass of plankton in the tropics is far less than that found in high latitude waters
Cold currents flowing ____ on the ____ sides of continents produce arid conditions A) toward the equator; western B) poleward; eastern C) poleward; western D) toward the equator; eastern
toward the equator; western
low latitude wind belt(s) with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are) the _____ A) horse latitudes B) polar easterlies C) westerlies D) trade winds E) doldrums
trade winds
a secchi disk is used to measure water ____ A) transparency B) temperature C) salinity D) acidy E) density
transparency
____ waves also known as side to side waves A) longitudinal B) orbital C) reflective D) refractive E) transverse
transverse
energy travels at right angles to the direction of the vibrating particles in ____ waves A) longitudinal B) orbital C) reflective D) refractive E) transverse
transverse
generally, ____ waves transmit energy only through solids A) longitudinal B) orbital C) reflective D) refractive E) transverse
transverse
the oceanic climate region(s) where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are produced is ____ A) polar B) temperate C) subtropical D) subpolar E) tropical
tropical
Which of the following ecosystems accounts for 21.0% of the world marine fishery? A) Coastal and coral systems B) Nontropical shelves C) Open ocean D) Tropical shelves E) Upwellings
tropical shelves
the lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the ____ A) troposphere B) upper atmosphere C) stratosphere D) tropopause E) ozone layer
troposphere
an area that experiences semidurnal tides will have ____ A) one high tide and two low tides daily B) two unequal low and high tides daily C) two high tides and two low tides of nearly equal height daily D) one low tide and two high tides daily E) one high tide and one low tide daily
two high tides and two low tides of nearly equal height daily
Earths mantle is exposed on the ocean floor in great slabs of rock between widely spaced volcanoes in A) oceanic ridges B) deep-ocean trenches C) ultra-slow spreading centers D) oceanic rises E) volcanic arcs
ultra slow spreading centers
which of the following is not a marine seed bearing plant? A) Eelgrass B) Spartina alterniflora C) Ulva D) Mangroves E) Surf grass
ulva
which of the following caused the anomalously large tsunami in Papua New Guinea in 1998? A) Meteorite impact B) Fault movement C) Volcanic eruption D) Underwater Landslide
underwater landslide
which of the following countries is the world leader (by percentage of its energy in use) in wind power? A) England B) Japan C) United States D) Denmark E) Australia
united sttes
Estuarine circulation associated with a shallow, low-volume estuary in which river water mixes evenly at all depths with ocean water would be called a ________. A) salt wedge estuary B) vertically mixed estuary C) slightly stratified estuary D) highly stratified estuary E) tectonic estuary
vertically mixed estuary
a neap tide has ____ A) very high tidal range B) moderately high tidal range C) no tidal range D) very low tidal range E) moderately low tidal range
very low tidal range
Sensors in the human eye are most efficient at detecting which of the following types or radiation? A) Ultraviolet Radiation B) Microwaves C) Gamma Rays D) Infrared Radiation E) Visible Light
visible light
Worldwide, scientists estimate that there are about 125 000 known seamounts, many of which originated at ______ centers A) seismic B) metamorphic C) sedimentary D) erosional E) volcanic
volcanic
waves in the surf zone begin to behave like shallow water waves when _____ A) water depth = wavelength/20 B) distance from shore < wavelength C) wavelength < wave height D) steepness = 1:7 E) water depth = wave height
water depth = wavelength/ 20
which of the following best describes the reverse osmosis method for desalination? A) A current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by semipermeable membranes from seawater. B) Large icebergs are brought to coastal waters off countries that need freshwater where they are melted. C) Saltwater is boiled and the water vapor is passed through a cooling condenser, where it condenses as freshwater. D) Seawater is frozen and thawed multiple times, with the salts washed from the ice between each thawing. E) Water on the salty side of a semipermeable membrane is pushed under high pressure through the membrane to the freshwater side.
water on the salty side of a semipermeable membrane is pushed under high pressure through the membrane to the freshwater side
the slight forward movement caused by the circular orbit of waves is called _____ A) wave period B) wavelength C) wave frequency D) waveform E) wave drift
wave drift
the # of wave crests passing a fixed location per unit of time is called the A) wave period B) wavelength C) wave steepness D) wave frequency E) wave height
wave frequency
The diameter of a wave orbital at the surface is equal to A) wavelength/wave period B) wave height C) wave height/wavelength D) wave period E) wavelength
wave height
the vertical distance between a wave crest and wave trough is called the _____ A) wave period B) wavelength C) wave steepness D) wave base E) wave height
wave height
the horizontal distance between wave crest to crest is called the A) wave period B) wavelength C) wave steepness D) wave base E) wave height
wave length
wave speed of deep water waves depends only on ___ A) wave period B) wavelength C) wave frequency D) waveform E) wave drift
wave length
the speed of longshore currents decreases as which of the following increase? A) Breaker angle B) Wave height C) Beach slope D) Wave period E) Wave frequency
wave period
the speed of longshore currents increases as which of the following decreases? A) Breaker angle B) Wave height C) Beach slope D) Wave period E) Wave frequency
wave period
the time it takes one full wave to pass a fixed position is called the A) wave period B) wavelength C) wave steepness D) wave base E) wave height
wave period
An unintended consequence of the jetty that protects the harbor entrance at Newport Harbor, California is a wave pattern that has crippled and killed many body surfers due to ________ A) tsunami B) wave refraction C) standing waves D) destructive interference E) wave reflection
wave reflection
Standing waves may be caused by ____ A) destructive interference B) wave diffraction C) wave refraction D) wave reflection E) a storm surge
wave reflection
waves converge on headlands due to A) constructive interference B) destructive interference C) wave reflection D) wave refraction E) wave diffraction
wave refraction
The ratio of wave height to wavelength is called A) frequency B) wave steepness C) period D) wavelength E) wave height
wave steepness
the ratio of wave height to wavelength is called the _____ A) wave period B) wavelength C) wave steepness D) wave base E) wave height
wave steepness
in shallow water waves the water depth is less than ____ divided by 2 A) wave period B) wavelength C) wave frequency D) waveform E) wave drift
wavelength
in shallow water waves the water depth is less than the _____ divided by 20 A) wave period B) wavelength C) wave frequency D) waveform E) wave drift
wavelength
the longer the ____ the faster a deep water wave travels A) wave period B) wavelength C) wave frequency D) waveform E) wave drift
wavelength
the speed of a deep water wave is proportional to _____ A) 1/2 of the wavelength B) wave height C) wavelength D) 1/20 of the wavelength E) the fetch
wavelength
which of the following coasts is an example of a semidiurnal tidal pattern? A) East Coast of The United States B) Gulf of Mexico C) West Coast of Africa D) West Coast of South America E) West Coast of The United States
west coast of africa
which of the following coasts has both semidurnal and mixed tidal patterns? A) East Coast of The United States B) Gulf of Mexico C) West Coast of Africa D) West Coast of South America E) West Coast of The United States
west coast of south america
which of the following coasts is an example of a mixed tidal pattern? A) East Coast of The United States B) Gulf of Mexico C) West Coast of Africa D) West Coast of South America E) West Coast of The United States
west coast of the US
That antarctic circumpolar current is also known as which of the following? A) South Equatorial Current B) West Wind Drift C) East Australian Current D) Peru (Humboldt) Current E) Benguela Current
west wind drift
the temperate regions are characterized by _____ A) westerly winds B) trade winds C) easterly winds D) high pressure E) tropical cyclones
westerly winds
The agulhas current is an example of which type of current? A) Eastern Boundary Current B) Equatorial Counter Current C) Northern Boundary Current D) Southern Boundary Current E) Western Boundary Current
western boundary current
the Japan current is an example of which type of current? A) Eastern Boundary Current B) Equatorial Counter Current C) Northern Boundary Current D) Southern Boundary Current E) Western Boundary Current
western boundary current
the brazil current is an example of which type of current? A) Eastern Boundary Current B) Equatorial Counter Current C) Northern Boundary Current D) Southern Boundary Current E) Western Boundary Current
western boundary current
the east austrailian current is an example of which type of current? A) Eastern Boundary Current B) Equatorial Counter Current C) Northern Boundary Current D) Southern Boundary Current E) Western Boundary Current
western boundary current
the gulf stream is an example of what type of current? A) Eastern Boundary Current B) Equatorial Counter Current C) Northern Boundary Current D) Southern Boundary Current E) Western Boundary Current
western boundary current
which subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower and deep than its counterparts? A) Eastern Boundary Current B) Equatorial Counter Current C) Northern Boundary Current D) Southern Boundary Current E) Western Boundary Current
western boundary current
the observation that one subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower and deeper than its counterparts is an example of which of the following? A) Equatorial upwelling B) Western intensification C) Subtropical convergence D) Geostrophic current E) Eastern intensification
western intensification
the majority of the world's tropical cyclones are formed in the waters north of the equator in the _____ ocean A) eastern Atlantic B) western Pacific C) eastern Pacific D) western Atlantic E) western Indian
western pacific
Highly productive areas of coastal upwelling are found along the ________ margins of continents, where surface currents are moving ________ the equator. 56) _____ A) eastern; toward B) eastern; away from C) western; toward D) western; away from
western; toward
a tropical maritime air mass is likely to be A) dry and cold B) wet and warm C) wet and cold D) wet and the same temperature E) dry and warm
wet and warm
which of the following statements about wetlands is incorrect? A) Wetlands are inefficient at cleansing polluted water. B) Wetlands are some of the most highly productive ecosystems on Earth. C) Wetlands are home to a diverse assortment of plants and animals. D) Wetlands serve as stopover points for migrating birds. E) Wetlands provide enormous economic benefits.
wetlands are inefficient at cleansing polluted water
which of the following statements about wetlands is incorrect? A) Wetlands serve as nurseries for commercially important fishes. B) Wetlands in the United States nearly dried up about 6 million years ago. C) Wetlands protect shorelines from erosion. D) Wetlands defend against hurricanes and tsunami. E) Wetlands remove inorganic nitrogen compounds and metals
wetlands in the US nearly dried up about 6 million years ago
neap tides occur _____ A) at summer and winter solstice B) when the Sun is at perihelion or aphelion C) when the Moon is in quadrature D) when the Moon is full or new E) during a storm surge
when the moon is in quadrature
rogue waves tend to occur A) in upwelling zones B) in coastal areas with weak sea breezes C) only in the southern ocean below 60°S latitude D) in areas where wind belts converge E) where storm waves move against strong surface currents
where storm waves move against strong surface currents
The muscle tissue of a "lunger" is predominantly ________. A) gray B) pink C) blue D) white E) red
white
Warm water (30-350 degrees C) hydrothermal vents form A) black smokers B) abyssal hills C) white smokers D) cold seeps E) turbidity current
white smokers
coastal geostrophic currents are variable because they depend on the ___ and the amount of runoff for their strength A) temperature gradient B) depth effect C) tide D) wind E) salinity gradient
wind
which of the following generated most ocean waves? A) The movement of different air masses B) Large objects falling into the ocean C) Wind blowing across the surface D) Tidal movement and turbidity currents E) Passing ships at the surface
wind blowing across the surface
surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ____ and modified by ____ A) wind; the Coriolis effect and land B) density differences; the Coriolis effect and land C) density differences; differences in salinity and temperature D) latitude; differences in salinity and land E) wind; gravity and density
wind, the coriolis effect and land
Most ocean waves form as a result of A) seismic events B) landslides C) winds blowing across the ocean surface D) density differences between water layers E) Earth's rotation
winds blowing across the ocean surface
Which of the following types of radiation is used to create images of the internal composition of something because it is able to pass through many materials opaque to light? A) Ultraviolet Radiation B) Infrared Radiation C) X-rays D) Gamma Rays E) Cosmic Rays
x-rays
Blue whales time their migration through middle latitude and polar oceans to coincide with maximum ________ productivity. A) primary B) zooplankton C) phytoplankton D) dinoflagellate E) photosynthetic bacteria
zooplankton
Which of the following feeds closest to the primary producing population? A) Humans B) Zooplankton C) Tuna D) Anchovy E) Mako shark
zooplankton