OP last hw study

sampling ,probability distribution

In the Monte Carlo process, values for a random variable are generated by _______ from a ________.

confidence limits

One of the most frequently used tools for the analysis of the statistical validity of simulations results is _______

do not ensure

Ten trials of the system _________ steady-state results.

run many times and the average, simulation

To be sure of accuracy of results, simulations of each system must be ________ results computed Efficient computer _______is required to do this.

mean

confidence intervals x is the _____

Simulation

"Not all real-world problems can be solved by applying a specific type of technique and then performing the calculations. Some problem situations are too complex to be represented by the concise techniques presented so far..."

probabilistic models

A large proportion of the applications of simulations are for _________.

false

A long period of real time cannot be represented by a short period of simulated time.

starting conditions

An additional factor that can affect simulation results is the _________.

manually

As simulation models get more complex they become impossible to perform _______.

analytically

Average demand could have been calculated _______:

0, 0, 0

Batch 1 arrives at time_____, which is recorded on an arrival clock. Because there are no batches in the system, batch 1 approaches the dyeing facility immediately, also at time __. The waiting time is ___.

long period

By spinning the wheel, the manager artificially reconstructs the purchase of PCs during a week. In this reconstruction, a______of real time (i.e., a number of weeks) is represented by a short period of simulated time (i.e., several spins of the wheel).

very complex systems

Computer mathematical simulation: when a system is replaced with a mathematical model that is analyzed with the computer. It offers a means of analyzing ________ that cannot be analyzed using other techniques...

batches already

For example, the dyeing facility might logically start each day with partially completed batches from the previous day. In this case, it is necessary to begin the simulation withX_________ in the system

continuous distributions

However, applications of simulation models reflecting ________ are more common than those of models employing discrete distributions.

what-if? Analysis

In fact, one of the main attributes of simulation is its usefulness as a model for experimenting, called "__________".

mathematical

In simulation modeling, random numbers are generated by a _______ process instead of a physical process (such as wheel spinning).

discrete inter-arrival

In the queuing example, the probability distributions were for _________ times and service times.

validate

It is often difficult to _______results of simulation - that true steady state has been reached and that simulation model truly replicates reality.

detectable pattern

Please indicate which one of the following options is not correct? Pseudorandom numbers exhibit a(n) ________ in order to be considered truly random.

true

Random numbers are equally likely to occur

pseudorandom numbers

Random numbers are typically generated on the computer using a numerical technique and thus are not true random numbers but _______

true

Random numbers generated by a mathematical process instead of a physical process are pseudorandom numbers.

significant variation

Simulation results could exhibit ________ since time between breakdowns and repair times are probabilistic.

False

Simulation results will always equal analytical results if 1000 trials of the simulation have been conducted.

steady state

Simulation results will not equal analytical results unless enough trials have been conducted to reach _______.

statistical analysis

Statistical results are typically subjected to additional _______ to determine their degree of accuracy

accuracy

Statistical results are typically subjected to additional statistical analysis to determine their degree of _____

trial

The Monte Carlo is not a type of simulation model but a technique for selecting numbers randomly from a probability distribution for use in a _____ (computer run) of a simulation model.

Monte Carlo

The ______ is not a type of simulation model but a technique for selecting numbers randomly from a probability distribution for use in a trial (computer run) of a simulation model.

probabilities

The demand per week can be randomly generated according to the probability distribution by spinning a wheel that is partitioned into segments corresponding to the _______

accurate

The more periods simulated, the more ______ the results.

random variable

The purpose of the Monte Carlo process is to generate the_______, demand, by sampling from the probability distribution P(x)

analytical standard, validation

When analytical analysis is not possible, there is no _______ of comparison, thus making ________ even more difficult.

sample of size

_______ n from any population

Computer mathematical simulation

__________: when a system is replaced with a mathematical model that is analyzed with the computer. It offers a means of analyzing very complex systems that cannot be analyzed using other techniques...

Confidence limits

are developed for the analysis of the statistical validity of simulation results.

Finding an optimal solution

is not part of a Monte Carlo simulation.

statistical measures

outcomes of simulation modeling are ________such as averages.

Analogue simulation

replaces a physical system with an analogous physical system that is easier to manipulate (example: conditions of weightlessness were simulated using rooms filled with water, wind tunnels that simulate the conditions of flight, and treadmills that simulate automobile tire wear in a laboratory instead of on the road, etc.).

sample standard deviation

s is the _______

averages

simulation is all_______

RAND()

using the function "________" to generate random numbers in Excel

easier to manipulate

• Analogue simulation: replaces a physical system with an analogous physical system that is ________ (example: conditions of weightlessness were simulated using rooms filled with water, wind tunnels that simulate the conditions of flight, and treadmills that simulate automobile tire wear in a laboratory instead of on the road, etc.).