Open Class Review 2nd Half of Semester

Which of the following best describes research findings on the genetics of obesity? A. One particular gene, the FTO gene, is responsible for obesity. B. There is little connection between genetic inheritance and obesity. C. Precisely the same genes influence body weight throughout life. D. A healthy lifestyle can override "obesity" genes.

D, A healthy lifestyle can override "obesity" genes

What can you do to protect yourself from STIs?

-Avoid multiple sexual partners. -Remember that oral sex is not safe sex. While the risks of contracting an STI are lower with oral sex than with vaginal or anal intercourse, the risk is still not zero. It is entirely possible to contract HIV from oral sex, as well as herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital warts, and other diseases. -Just say NO to casual sex. Know what you will say ahead of time. An example might be, "No. Sorry. I'm attracted to you (or I "like you") but I don't have sex with anyone I don't know well." Insist on using a latex condom or a dental dam. -Get tested. If no partner tests, NO SEX! -Avoid injury to body tissue, including abrasions and microscopic tears during sexual activity. Don't be afraid to say, "That hurts. Stop." -Make handwashing a habit, insisting that both you and your partner wash hands before sex, petting, or masturbation and afterward. As a rule, use a full stream of water and soap and count to 20 while washing hands before and after sexual encounters. Urinate after sexual relations and, if possible, wash your genitals. -Abstinence is the only way to be 100 percent sure you don't transmit or contract an STI. -Get vaccinated for HPV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. -If you contract an STI, ask your health care provider for advice on notifying past or potential partners.

List and briefly describe the four steps you can take to prevent antibiotic resistance.

-Be responsible with medications. Use antibiotics only when they are prescribed for you, and take them only for the disease for which they are intended. Ask your doctor whether there is an older-generation antibiotic that still works to treat the illness, and save the newer drugs for the most difficult problems. Finish the entire course of a drug as prescribed. Antibiotic regimens are designed to kill entire colonies of bacteria if taken exactly as prescribed. If you stop early, the hardiest bacteria may survive, leading to increased chances of drug-resistant pathogens. -Use regular soap when washing your hands. Research suggests that antibacterial agents contained in soaps may actually kill normal bacteria found on the skin that does not cause disease, thus creating an environment for resistant, mutated bacteria that are impervious to antibacterial cleaners and antibiotics to colonize the skin. -Avoid food that has been treated with antibiotics. Buy organic meat and poultry, particularly products with labels that say that they have not been fed antibiotics or hormones. If you buy farmed fish, choose fish grown in U.S. coastal waters, where there is less likelihood of questionable fish-feeding practices and less chance of contaminated water and antibiotics or growth hormones.

List four practical steps you can take to reduce your risk of infectious disease.

-Limit your exposure to pathogens. Stay home if you are not feeling well, and encourage others to do the same. Don't share utensils or drinking glasses, keep your toothbrush away from those of other people. Keep hands away from your mouth, nose, eyes, and other body orifices. Keep purses and backpacks off of kitchen counters and restroom floors. -Exercise regularly. Regular exercise raises the core body temperature, strengthens the immune system, and kills pathogens. -Get enough sleep. Sleep allows the body time to refresh itself, produce necessary cells, and reduce inflammation. Even a single night without sleep can increase inflammatory processes and delay wound healing. -Optimize eating. Enjoy a balanced, healthy diet. and eat mindfully.

If Colin wants to get a small apple tattooed on his shoulder, what four safety precautions would you suggest he follow?

-Look for clean, well-lighted work areas and inquire about sterilization procedures. -Packaged, sterilized needles should be used once, then discarded. A piercing gun cannot be sterilized properly. Watch that the artist uses new needles and tubes from a sterile package. -Immediately before piercing or tattooing, the body area should be carefully sterilized. The artist should wash his or her hands and put on new latex gloves for each procedure. -Leftover tattoo ink should be discarded after each procedure. Do not allow the artist to reuse ink that has been used for other customers. Used needles should be disposed of in a "sharps" container.

List four things you should do to communicate with your partner about potential risks of becoming sexually intimate.

-Plan to talk before you find yourself in an awkward situation. -Select the right moment and place for both of you to discuss safer sex; choose a relaxing environment in a neutral location, free of distractions. -Remember that you have a responsibility to your partner to disclose your own health status. You also have a responsibility to yourself to stay healthy and celibate if you find out that you have any form of sexually transmitted diseases. -Be direct, honest, and determined in talking about sex before you become involved. Don't let the conversation drift off or lose focus. -Discuss the issues without sounding defensive or accusatory. Reassure your partner that your reasons for desiring abstinence or safer sex arise from respect and caring and not distrust. -Analyze your own beliefs and values ahead of time. Know where you will draw the line on certain actions, and be very clear with your partner about what you expect. -Decide what you will do if your partner does not agree with you. Anticipate potential objections or excuses, and prepare your responses accordingly.

What are the four stages of human sexual response _?

1. excitement/arousal 2. plateau, 3. orgasm 4. resolution

In which age group is CVD more prevalent among women than among men? A. 80+ B. 60-79 C. 20-39 D. 40-59

A, 80+

Why are some bacteria and microorganisms referred to as "superbugs"? A. They have become resistant to the drugs used at one time to treat them. B. They are larger than normal. C. They are bacteria that behave like viruses. D. Without treatment, they are routinely fatal within days.

A, They have become resistant to the drugs used at one time to treat them.

Dominique felt a sudden numbness on the left side of her face, felt nauseous, and had difficulty speaking clearly. Which of the following cardiovascular diseases was Dominique probably experiencing? A. a stroke B. metabolic syndrome C. a heart attack D. cardiac arrest

A, a stroke

Which body image disorder involves a distorted view of one's body and an obsessive concern with appearance and real or imagined flaws? A. body dysmorphic disorder B. anorexia nervosa C. social physique anxiety D. disordered eating

A, body dysmorphic disorder

Gregor has been diagnosed with West Nile virus. Which of the following is most likely the way he contracted the disease? A. He was bitten by an infected mosquito. B. He picked it up from the mats at the yoga studio he attends two days a week. C. He ate undercooked beef. D. He had sexual contact with someone who had the disease.

A, he was bitten by an infected mosquito

Which of the following statements regarding HPV is true? A. High risk types of HPV is linked to cervical cancer. B. People become infected when they make contact with the virus on a toilet seat. C. Most sexually active people will not contract some form of HPV at some time in their life. D. There are over 1500 different types of HPV.

A, high risk types of HPV is linked to cervical cancer

When Terry and Kim have vaginal and/or oral sex, they use latex condoms and dental dams. On the continuum of risk for STIs, where do they fall? A. moderate-risk behavior B. no-risk behavior C. low-risk behavior D. high-risk behavior

A, moderate-risk behavior

A __ is a self-replicating, protein-based agent that is believed to cause variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. A. prion B. parasitic worm C. pandemic D. protozoan

A, prion

A number of conditions including atherosclerosis can lead to ischemia, which is A. reduced blood and oxygen supply to a body part or organ. B. an inflammatory disease. C. a buildup of deposits in the arteries. D. a squeezing of heart tissue that leads to damage.

A, reduced blood and oxygen supply to a body part or organ.

Symptoms of diabetes include all of the following EXCEPT __? A. resistance to infection B. blurred vision C. fatigue D. excessive thirst

A, resistance to infection

If you contract an STI but do not seek treatment, which of the following are possible consequences? A.sterility B. herpes C. mononucleosis D. shingles

A, sterility

Eric often complains of a racing heart, even though he is not exercising or anxious. What is the medical term for his condition? A. tachycardia B. angina C. bradycardia D. myocardia

A, tachycardia

What are the warning signs of melanoma?

Asymmetry: One half does not match the other half. Border irregularity: Edges are uneven, notched, or scalloped Color: Pigmentation is not uniform. Melanomas may vary in color from tan to deeper brown, reddish black, black, or deep bluish black. Diameter: Diameter is greater than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pea). Evolving: Size, symmetry, shape, color, border, or other characteristics change over time.

It has been shown that arterial plaque buildup can begin as early as preteen years. What lifestyle or behavioral changes can you make now to minimize your chances of developing plaque in your blood vessels?

Avoid tobacco smoke. Cut back on saturated fat and cholesterol. Modify other dietary habits. Maintain a healthy weight. Exercise regularly. Control diabetes and blood pressure. Manage stress levels.

Which of the following is a tick-borne bacterial disease? A. Multi-drug-resistant TB B. Lyme disease C. Meningitis D. HIV

B, Lyme Disease

Which of the following statements concerning cardiovascular disease is NOT true? A. 2,150 Americans die every day from cardiovascular disease. B. Systolic blood pressure tends to decrease with age. C. Treatment of hypertension includes dietary changes, weight loss, exercise, and use of medications. D. More than 1 in 3 U.S. adults has high blood pressure.

B, Systolic blood pressure tends to decrease with age

Which of the following is your best bet for avoiding the common cold? A. Take mega-doses of vitamin C. B. Wash your hands (with soap) often. C. Eat lots of chicken soup. D. Don't go out when it is cold.

B, Wash your heads (with soap) often

Which of the following is generally not considered to be a variant sexual behavior_? A. exhibitionism B. anal intercourse C. fetishism D. autoerotic asphyxiation

B, anal intercourse

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is performed to A. restore a rhythmic electric impulse to the heart. B. bypass a clogged coronary artery using another vessels from the patient's body. C. flatten plaque against the artery wall and implant a stent. D. improve blood flow in the thoracic artery

B, bypass a clogged coronary artery using another vessels from the patient's body.

Hodgkin's disease is classified as a A. melanoma B. lymphoma C. sarcoma D. carcinoma

B, lymphoma

Disease-causing agents, called __, are found throughout the world. A. pandemics B. pathogens C. infections D. epidemics

B, pathogens

Which of the following traits is NOT a risk factor for skin cancer? A. experienced severe sunburns during childhood B. tans easily without burning C. doesn't tan easily but spends a large amount of time outdoors D. burns easily and peels readily E. has fair skin; blonde, red, or light brown hair; blue, green, or gray eyes

B, tans easily without burning

The ethnic group in the United States with the highest overall rates of CVD and hypertension is A. White populations B. Native American populations C. African American populations D. Asian populations

C, African American populations

__ are outside or foreign substances capable of causing disease. A. Macrophages B. Toxins C. Antigens D. Antibodies

C, Antigens

David and Doris are both 27 years old and both have 23 percent body fat. Based on their ages and percentages of body fat alone, which of the following statements best describes their weight status? A. David is underweight but Doris is overweight. B. Both David and Doris are normal weight. C. David is overweight but Doris is normal weight. D. David is overweight and Doris is obese.

C, David is overweight but Doris is normal weight

What is the emerging disease with signs and symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, fever, pain, and headache, and internal and external bleeding? A. malaria B. Escherichia coli 0157:H7 C. Ebola D. avian flu

C, Ebola

Which of the following is considered a recreational drug? A. Mint Tea B. Beer C. Heroin D. Aspirin

C, Heroin

A tumor that is noncancerous and generally harmless is called __. A. metastasis B. neoplasm C. benign D. malignant

C, benign

Mastery question Adrienne becomes infected with genital herpes while she is eight months pregnant. Which of the following is her physician likely to advise to prevent her child from getting infected from her? A. a course of strong antibiotics for Adrienne B. a course of strong antibiotics for the child after it is born C. delivery by cesarean section D. treatment with famciclovir (FAMVIR)

C, delivery by cesarean section

Which of the following is NOT associated with the risk for developing cancer? A. alcohol B. obesity C. education level D. tobacco use E. stress

C, educaitonal level

Which of the following factors is NOT likely to make it harder to lose weight? A. clinical depression B. increased stress C. gender D. the availability of high-calorie, high-fat foods

C, gender

What is the role of collateral circulation? A. It increases blood pressure. B. It dislodges blood clots. C. It allows an affected heart muscle to cope with damage. D. It increases the heart rate.

C, it allows an affected heart muscle to cope with damage

Lung cancer in "never smokers" is thought to be due to exposure to all of the following except A. secondhand smoke B. radon gas C. lead D. asbestos

C, lead

What infection is known as the "kissing" disease? A. hepatitis B. viral infection C. mononucleosis D. shingles

C, mononucleosis

How is HIV transmitted? A. through the exchange of infected body fluids B. only through mucous membranes of the genital organs C. only through mucous membranes D. through any physical contact

C, only through mucous membranes

Which cancer of the reproductive system-cervical, ovarian, or endometrial (uterine)-causes the most deaths? A. All these types of cancer have comparable death rates B. endometrial C. ovarian D. cervical

C, ovarian

A __ is a self-replicating, protein-based agent that is believed to cause variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. A. protozoan B. parasitic worm C. prion D. pandemic

C, prion

Mitt has not been feeling well. He has suddenly begun to lose weight and is constantly tired. Often, he feels hungry and thirsty, and at times his vision is blurred. What disorder does Mitt most likely have? A. metabolic syndrome B. hypertension C. type 1 diabetes D. prediabetes

C, type 1 diabetes

Which of the following is the most likely source of HIV infection? A. injection drug use B. oral sex C. vaginal or anal sex D. tattooing

C, vaginal or anal sex

Name and briefly describe the four classifications of cancer.

Carcinomas: Epithelial tissues (tissues covering body surfaces and lining most body cavities) are the most common sites for cancers. Sarcomas: Sarcomas occur in the mesodermal, or middle, layers of tissue—for example, in bones, muscles, and general connective tissue. Lymphomas: Lymphomas develop in the lymphatic system—the infection-fighting region of the body—and metastasize through the lymphatic system. Leukemia: Cancer of the blood-forming parts of the body, particularly the bone marrow and spleen

Which of the following best describes the dose-response association between sitting time and mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease, independent of leisure-time activity? A. The more time you spend sitting, the worse your health is likely to be, but only if you don't exercise. B. The more time you spend sitting, the better your health is likely to be, regardless of whether you exercise. C. The more time you spend sitting, the better your health is likely to be, but only if you exercise. D. The more time you spend sitting, the worse your health is likely to be, regardless of whether you exercise.

D, The more time you spend sitting, the worse your health is likely to be, regardless of whether you exercise

Which of the following is a true statement? A. Bacteria are approximately 1/500th the size of viruses. B. Viruses are approximately 1/50th the size of bacteria. C. Bacteria are approximately 1/50th the size of viruses. D. Viruses are approximately 1/500th the size of bacteria.

D, Viruses are approximately 1/500th the size of bacteria

The upper chambers of the heart are called the: A. tricuspids B. arteries C. ventricles D. atria

D, atria

Type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and celiac disease are all thought to be types of A. single-gene disorders. B. infectious diseases. C. opportunistic disorders. D. autoimmune diseases.

D, autoimmune diseases

Which of the following eating disorders is often "hidden" from friends and family because the sufferer's weight may fall within a normal or overweight range? A. anorexia athletica B. muscle dysmorphia C. anorexia nervosa D. bulimia nervosa

D, bulimia nervosa

An example of a fungal infection is __. A. listeriosis B. trichomoniasis C. chlamydia D. candidiasis

D, candidiasis

Mastery question The most commonly reported STI in the United States is __. A. syphilis B. gonorrhea C. herpes D. chlamydia

D, chlamydia

Jeff is obese. He is a nonsmoker, but typically eats a diet high in red meats and low in fruits and vegetables, and he has had bouts of colitis on and off for two decades. Given these factors, what type of cancer is Jeff most at risk for? A. stomach B. lung C. liver D. colon

D, colon

"Good" cholesterol is also known as __. A. low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol B. triglycerides C. essential fatty acids D. high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

D, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

Which of the following statements is true about chlamydia? A. It presents few complications for men. B. It is less common than herpes, syphilis, or gonorrhea. C. It can soon lead to death if left untreated. D. It is often asymptomatic.

D, it is often asymptomatic

Sarah contracted syphilis in her early 20s, but it went untreated until she developed lesions called gummas. What stage of syphilis is this? A. primary syphilis B. tertiary/late syphilis C. secondary syphilis D. latent syphilis

D, latent syphilis

When Larry went for a physical exam, he had gained a great deal of weight; his waist measurement was 50 inches and his blood pressure was greatly elevated. The results of his blood work revealed elevated blood glucose and elevated triglycerides with an HDL of 20. Larry has an increased risk of CVD due to A. metabolic syndrome (MetS). B. diabetes mellitus. C. liver disease. D. pancreatitis.

D, pancreatitis

Which of the following is a common bacterial infection? A. influenza B. infectious mononucleosis C. the common cold D. staphylococcal infection

D, staphylococcal infection

Mindfulness-based cancer recovery programs are A. helpful in relieving the pain, fatigue, and other side effects of cancer treatment. B. designed to help people facing a cancer diagnosis to stay positive. C. important for helping patients and family members strengthen their belief in an afterlife. D. targeted specifically toward meeting the unique challenges of coping with cancer survivorship.

D, targeted specifically toward meeting the unique challenges of coping with cancer survivorship.

Flu vaccines correctly formulated for a current strain of influenza are usually effective for about __ months. A. six B. three C. nine D. twelve

D, twelve

The best time to perform a testicular self-examination is A. after strenuous exercise. B. before you go to sleep at night. C. after a hot shower. D. when you first wake up in the morning.

D, when you first wake up in the morning

T/F Breast cancer is exclusive to women.

False

Explain how our modern media can influence body image.

Images of celebrities in the media set the standard for what we find attractive, leading some people to go to dangerous extremes to have the biggest biceps or fit into size zero jeans.Social media images of unrealistically thin bodies—coupled with catch phrases telling young people to "get thin" or "be fit"—can be hard to avoid. With more than two-thirds of American adults 20 years and older overweight or obese, a significant disconnect exists between the media's idealized images and the typical American body. At the same time, the media bombards us with messages telling us that we just don't measure up.Studies have found that white females experience the highest rates of body dissatisfaction but that the body dissatisfaction levels of minority women increase the more they are exposed to mainstream media.

Genetics plays a significant role in weight-loss success for many people. Discuss the thrifty gene theory and what it means for those affected by it.

In a carefully controlled laboratory study, 12 obese men and women were asked to fast for 1 day and remain as inpatients for 6 weeks, consuming 50 percent of their normal calories each day. Those who lost the least weight were those whose metabolism slowed down significantly in response to caloric restriction.22 Individuals in these studies have what researchers refer to as thrifty metabolism. In contrast, those with a spendthrift metabolism had metabolisms that kept chugging along when caloric intake decreased, losing significantly more weight than the thrifty group. Researchers are unsure whether these responses to dieting have a genetic basis or develop over time.

Describe pubic lice and how are they transmitted. Include signs and symptoms. Are you worried about contracting pubic lice while living on a college campus?

Pubic lice, often called "crabs," are small parasitic insects that are usually transmitted during sexual contact (see Figure 12.12). More annoying than dangerous, they move easily from partner to partner during sex. They have an affinity for pubic hair and attach themselves to the base of these hairs, where they deposit their eggs (nits). Within 2 weeks, the nits develop into adults that lay eggs and migrate to other body parts. Symptoms of pubic lice infestation include itchiness in the area covered by pubic hair, bluish-gray skin color in the pubic region, and sores in the genital area.

List the five factors that, when combined, have contributed to the rapid increase in rates of infectious diseases over the past decade.

Rates of many infectious diseases have rapidly increased over the past decade, owing to a combination of human overpopulation, inadequate health care, increasing poverty, environmental degradation, and drug resistance.

Name two risk factors for cervical cancer and endometrial cancer.

Risk factors for cervical cancer include early age at first intercourse, multiple sex partners, cigarette smoking, and certain sexually transmitted infections, including HPV (the cause of genital warts) and herpes. For endometrial cancer, age, estrogen, and obesity are strong risk factors. Risks are increased by treatment with tamoxifen for breast cancer, metabolic syndrome, late menopause, never bearing children, history of polyps in the uterus or ovaries, history of other cancers, and race, white women being at higher risk.

How does the environment influence one's risk of cancer? What can be done to reduce the number of carcinogens in the environment or limit exposure to them?

Several substances are known to cause cancer when exposure levels are high or prolonged. Asbestos, nickel, chromate, benzene, arsenic, and vinyl chloride are carcinogens (cancer-causing agents), as are certain dyes and radioactive substances, coal tars, inhalants, and possibly some herbicides and pesticides. Ionizing radiation—radiation from X-rays, radon, cosmic rays, and ultraviolet radiation (primarily UVB radiation)—is has been proven to cause human cancer. There is also concern about chemicals in food which centers on possible harm from pesticide and herbicide residue. It is important to maintain a balance between chemical use and the production of high-quality food products. To reduce the risk of harmful effects of radiation, diagnostic medical and dental X-rays are set at the lowest dose levels possible.

Identify at least two factors that might increase the risk of overweight and obesity in low-income populations.

Socioeconomic status can have a significant effect on obesity risk. People in poverty may have less access to fresh, nutrient-dense foods and opt for less expensive, high-calorie processed food. Those who work multiple jobs, work odd hours, and have long commutes might not have the time or energy to cook nutritious food. Personal trainers and gym memberships may be too expensive or inconveniently located. Lack of lighting, sidewalks, trails, and other places to walk or bike can make it unsafe and difficult to exercise.

List and describe the two types of herpes viruses, including signs and symptoms as well as diagnosis and treatment. Include long-term consequences of the herpes simplex virus.

There are two types of herpes simplex virus: HSV-1 and HSV-2. About 50 to 60 percent of American adults have HSV-1, which usually appears as cold sores on their mouths (see Figure 12.10) and sometimes causes genital herpes infections. Only about 1 in 6 Americans are believed to have HSV-2; however, exact numbers are difficult to assess.Both types can infect any area of the body. Herpes simplex virus remains in nerve cells for life and can flare up when the body's ability to maintain itself is weakened.

Incorporating exercise is one of the keys to successful weight management. List two ways to successfully maintain an exercise program.

To get started, ask yourself some key questions. Why do you want to make this change right now? What are your goals? Write down the things you find positive about your diet and exercise behaviors. Then write down things that need to be changed. For each change you need to make, list three or four small things you can change right now. What resources on campus or in your community could help? Who among your friends and family members will help you? Keep a food and exercise log for 2 or 3 days. Note the good things you are doing, the things that need improvement, and the triggers you need to address. Make a Plan Set realistic short- and long-term goals. Establish a plan. What diet and exercise changes can you make this week? Once you have made the changes for 1 week, plot a course for 2 weeks, and so on. Look for balance. Remember that it is calories taken in and burned over time that make the difference. Change Your Habits Notice whether you're hungry before starting a meal. Eat slowly, noting when you start to feel full. Stop before you are full. Eat a substantial breakfast. This will prevent you from being too hungry and overeating at lunch. Keep healthful snacks on hand for when you get hungry. Don't constantly deprive yourself or set unrealistic guidelines. Incorporate Exercise Be active; slowly increase your time, speed, distance, or resistance levels. Vary your physical activity. Find activities you love. Try things you haven't tried before. Find an exercise partner to help you stay motivated. Make exercise a fun break. Go for a walk in a place that interests you.

Discuss the three types of diabetes. Please include who is affected by each type and the symptoms.

Type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-making cells in the pancreas. By reducing or stopping insulin production, cells cannot take up glucose, and blood glucose levels become permanently elevated. Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes) accounts for 90 to 95 percent of all cases. In type 2, either the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the body cells become resistant to its effects and don't efficiently use available insulin (Figure 11.12), a condition referred to as insulin resistance. A third type of diabetes, gestational diabetes, is a state of high blood glucose during pregnancy, thought to be associated with metabolic stresses that occur in response to changing hormonal levels. As many as 18 percent of pregnancies are affected by gestational diabetes, posing added risks for the mother and developing fetus.163 Between 40 and 50 percent of women with gestational diabetes may progress to type 2 diabetes if they fail to make significant lifestyle changes.

What is the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States each year?

cardiovascular disease

Sean, a 65-year old man, has developed a painful, blistering rash on his legs. His doctor tells him it is shingles and that it is the result of reactivation of a virus he had as a child. What was that virus?

chickenpox

Name the most common STIs on college campuses

chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis

When a baby is born with a cardiovascular defect it is referred to as a(n) __ heart defect.

congenital

T/F A person with type 2 diabetes will never need to take insulin.

false

Jim and Joe were hiking to the summit of Mt. Whitney when they ran out of water. There's a small lake at an elevation of about 12,000 feet, but they'll need to filter the water to eliminate a waterborne protozoan that causes which disease?

giardiasis

The diabetes test that gives the average value of a patient's blood glucose over the past two to three months is called the

glycosated hemoglobin test

List five complications that can arise from poorly controlled diabetes.

heart disease, stroke, failure of wounds on extremities to heal (leading to infection and amputations), nerve damage, kidney failure, liver damage, and blindness.

Genital warts are caused by a group of viruses known as HPV. What does HPV stand for?

human papillomavirus

Michelle's grandmother has high systolic blood pressure but normal diastolic blood pressure. What type of hypertension does she have?

isolated systolic hypertension

What is the most common form of high blood pressure in older Americans?

isolated systolic hypertension

When atherosclerosis occurs in the lower extremities, it is known as __.

peripheral artery disease When atherosclerosis occurs in the lower extremities, such as in the feet, calves, or legs, or in the arms, it is called peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Name three symptoms of lung cancer.

persistent cough, blood-streaked sputum, voice change, chest or back pain, and recurrent attacks of pneumonia or bronchitis.

George is undergoing a diagnostic imaging procedure that produces three-dimensional images of the heart as blood flows through. This is a(n)

positron emission tomography (PET) scan A positron emission tomography (PET) scan produces three-dimensional images of the heart as blood flows through it.

After skin cancer, the most common cancer in American males today is __ cancer

prostate

Which substance related to inflammation, when present in blood at high levels, is associated with an increased risk for CVD?

reactive proteins

Inez is trying to lose a few pounds. The weight she should be trying to lose is called __ fat

storage

When the blood supply to the brain is interrupted and causes brain damage, this is a(n) __

stroke

What disease is known as the "great imitator?"

syphilis

A compensatory behavior is a behavior

that tries to balance out a previous behavior

Bill has been diagnosed with colon cancer. The prognosis for this type of cancer is good if caught early because ....

the disease tends to progress slowly