Oral pathology ch 2
What terms best describes the oral lesion in the image below?
hematoma
increased blood flow
hyperemia
Which term is defined as an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ?
hyperplasia
describes an increase in the size of an organ or tissue resulting from an increase in the number of cells
hypertrophy
Two days after injury, granulation tissue can be described as:
immature vascular connective tissue
Hyperemia
increased blood flow - causes redness and heat
Which of the following is NOT true about Sialadenitis?
increased salivary flow
a nonspecific response to injury that occurs in the same manner regardless of th nature of injury is called a
inflammation
most common site for a mucocele to occur is
lower lip
Most common site for a mucocele to occur on the
lower lip - similar to ranula but ranula on the floor of mouth
which of the following terms refers to enlargement of the lymph nodes
lymphadenopathy
In which extraction site is alveolar osteitis usually encountered? (dry socket)
mand 3rd molars
most common site for a pyrogenic granuloma is
maxillary anterior gingiva
pathological death of cells
necrosis
which two types of the white blood cells are initially involved in the inflammatory response
neutrophils and lymphocytes
A pink, granular, or "cobblestone-like" appearance of the hard palate under a denture is most likely:
papillary hyperplasia of the palate
process by which foreign substances are removed
phagocytosis
the function of a macrophage
phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms antigen presentation
amalgam tattoo is most commonly observed on the
posterior gingiva and edentulous ridge
which type of healing is present when there is little loss of the tissue
primary
Which term describes the oral condition that presents in the image below?
pulp polyp
which of following describes an excessive proliferation of chronically inflamed dental pulp
pulp polyp
which of the following cysts characteristically associated with a tooth that is nonmetal on pulp testing
radicular
Which term best describes the oral condition seen in the image below?
sialolith
In cases of healing, if an infected injury is left open and the edges are not surgically joined until the infection is controlled, this is referred to as healing by which intention?
tertiary
Ranula
?
What is the difference between a sinus tract and a fistula?
A fistula is an abnormal pathway between two anatomic spaces or a pathway that leads from an internal cavity or organ to the surface of the body. A sinus tract is an abnormal channel that originates or ends in one opening
What is the difference between a true cyst and false cyst? Give an example of a false cyst?
A true cyst is an abnormal sac or cavity that is line with epithelium, a false cyst is a cystic cavity that is not lined by epithelium an example being a mucocele
Pink cobblestone like appearance due to chronicle denture wear
Papillary hyperplasia of the palate, denture induced
the loss of tooth structure resulting from chemical action without bacterial involvement is referred to
erosion
Hyperemia is directly responsible for which two local clinical signs of inflammation?
erythema and heat
Contains cells and has higher protein concentration
exudate
Compare attrition, abrasion, abfraction and erosion.
Attrition: Wearing away of tooth structure on occlusal and incisal surfaces. Ex: Grinding teeth/tooth to tooth contact. Abrasion: Wearing away of tooth structure due to mechanical forces. Usually on posterior buccal surfaces and will present as horizontal wear. Ex: Aggressive brushing Abfraction: Wedge shaped defect in the cervical surfaces of the teeth due to microfractures of the tooth caused by stress/grinding. Erosion: Loss of tooth structure due to chemical action. Can occur on the facial, lingual, and occlusal surfaces. Ex: Sucking on lemons
What is the difference between internal and external tooth resorption? Which is harder to treat?
Both involve an irregular shaped, or shortened/blunted root as a response to stimuli. External resorption stems from tissues outside the tooth, whereas internal resorption is triggered by an inflammatory response in the pulp. External resorption occurs only when a periapical granuloma is present. It is not reversible and harder to treat. Internal resorption can appear clinically as a pinkish area in the crown.
Compare and contrast a Mucocele and a Ranula
Both obstruct the salivary gland, mucocele occurs in the lower lip when a salivary gland bursts. Ranula, is a larger lesion that occurs on the floor of the mouth when a salivary gland is blocked.
Which of the following best describes the oral lesion presented in the image below?
fibroma
A ranula is located on the:
floor of mouth
Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia of the Palate
Denture-induced hyperplasia; Palatal mucosa covered by multiple erythematous papillary projections; "cobblestone" appearance
Alveolar osteitus
Dry socket - usually MN 3Rd molars
Generalized loss of tooth structure on lingual surfaces of max anterior teeth is associated with
Erosion
Keloid
Excess formation of cells, immune response to an injury
Systemic signs of inflammation
Fever, leukocytosis -increase of WBCs into the tissues, lymphadenopathy, increase in C-reactive proteins
The cells in a tissue or organ may respond to injury by undergoing an adaptive response, such as hyperplasia, hypertrophy, or atrophy. What do these terms mean, and what are the major differences between the three responses?
Hyperplasia: An enlargement of a tissue or organ resulting from an increase in the number of cells; the result of increased cell division. Hypertrophy: An enlargement of a tissue or organ resulting from an increase in the size of its individual cells, but not in the number of cells. Atrophy: The decrease in size and function of a cell, tissue, organ, or whole body. All reversible after the cause of injury and stress is removed.
Cause of internal/ external, root resorption
Inflammatory response
Pyrogenic granuloma most common in
Max ant gingiva, usually in pregnant women
Compare and contrast between healing by primary, secondary and tertiary intention.
Primary: Little loss of tissue, clean edges of the incision are joined with sutures. Very little granulation forms. Uninjured tissue is retained. Scarring is minimized. Secondary: A large clot slowly forms, resulting in increase of granulation tissue. Level of tissue function is reduced. Scar tissue and healing time increases. Tertiary: Infected injury is left open until infection is under control. Infection occurs in injured area. Area will take a longer time to heal due to the increase of inflammation.
Which of the following cysts is associated with a tooth that is non vital on pulp testing
Radicular
Localized signs of inflammation
Redness (erythemia), swelling (edema), pain, heat, neutrophils and leukodytes
Most common cyst in the oral cavity
Reticular cyst - can turn into periapical granuloma
Sialolith aka
Salivary stone - caused by blockage and calcified
Periapical granuloma vs
Surgical removal and testing the tissue
excess fluid
edema
which is the most common cause of a mucocele?
Minor salivary gland duct trauma
Which of he following is the most common cause of a mucocele
Minor salivary gland trauma
TRUE about WBCs in Inflammatory process?
Neutrophil is the first WBC seen in inflammation
What type of WBCs are seen in acute and chronic inflammation?
Neutrophils, Macrophages and Lymphocytes
This granular, erythematous papillary surface of the palatal vault was caused by which of the following?
Papillary hyperplasia is caused by the lack of palatal suction of an ill-fitting maxillary denture. Poor oral hygiene does not cause papillary hyperplasia although it may contribute to the inflammatory response of the area. Herpes and nutritional deficiencies cause different types and appearances of lesions in the oral cavity.
Pathologic wearing away of tooth due to repeated mechanical habit is
abrasion
what kind of inflammation occurs if the injury is minimal, brief, and the source is removed from the tissue
acute
The process involving directed movement of white blood cells to the area of injury by biochemical mediators is termed which of the following?
chemotaxis
which is true of sialadentitis
bacterial or viral, inflammation of salivary gland tissue, can be acute or chronic
which of the following is not true about a ranula?
cause: trauma to minor salivary gland
describes an excess level of fluid in the interstitial space and locate enlargement of tissues
edema
the process by which the white blood cells escape from the blood vessels is called ?
emigration
Generalized loss of tooth structure primarily on the lingual surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth is associated with:
erosion
Your patient presents with tooth structure that has been lost around occlusal restorations. The amalgam restorations appear raised from the surrounding demineralized tooth structure. Identify the traumatic injury to the teeth that has occurred.
erosion
ranula is located on
floor of mouth
Which of the following best describes the oral condition in the image below?
pyogenic granuloma
Healing by secondary intention refers to healing of an injury when:
there is increased formation of granulation tissue
Compare and contrast a Sialolith and a Sialadentis
Sialolith is a salivary gland stone formed by precipitation of of calcium salts around a central core Can be seen on radiographs, and can be found in minor and major salivary glands Treatment can involve milking of the duct or surgical removal. Sialadenitis is swelling of the salivary gland caused by obstruction of the salivary gland duct and can be in part due to infection. Must be injected with radiopaque dye in order to be seen on radiograph Treated with antibiotics
What are the four major systemic clinical signs of inflammation, and why are biochemical mediators essential to the inflammatory response?
Signs: Fever, Leukocytosis (increase in # of white blood cells), lymphadenopathy (enlargement of lymph nodes), elevated levels of C-reactive protein Biochemical mediators are essential to the inflammatory response and can stimulate or amplify the response. They can recruit other mediators and immune mechanisms and prevent further tissue damage which results in healing and tissue function restoration
Frictional hyper keratosis
Tongue rubbing on Broken filling etc, intraoral oral callus on the later borders of the tongue (Superficial)
which is most likely responsible for internal/ external root resorption
inflammatory response
Which of the following is NOT a sign of local inflammation?
leukocytosis
which is true of a ranula ?
location: floor of mouth bluish fluctuant swelling