Org. Behavior Exam 3
Research on effective teams indicates that they experience high levels of relationship conflict. moderate levels of process conflict at the beginning of the project timeline. moderate levels of task conflict in the middle of the project timeline. moderate levels of relationship conflict and high levels of process conflict.
moderate levels of task conflict in the middle of the project timeline.
Situational favorableness includes all of the following conditions EXCEPT leader-subordinate relations. position power. motivation level. task structure.
motivation level.
Which of the following statements regarding the final stage of planned change is INCORRECT? Employees should be informed regularly of the results of the change. Declare victory early in making the change and get into a routine. Reward those who embraced the change effort. If successful the mindset of people change and become a regular part of the corporate culture.
Declare victory early in making the change and get into a routine.
Which of the following statements regarding overcoming resistance to your proposals is INCORRECT? Do not listen to naysayers. Involve those around you in the change. Understand the reasons for resistance. Present data to your audience.
Do not listen to naysayers.
In comparing Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory to Alderfer's ERG theory ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time. Maslow's theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time. ERG theory is based upon observations of individuals in clinical settings. Maslow's theory suggests that individuals who are frustrated in their attempts to satisfy one need may regress to another one.
ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time.
Which of the following is a need based theory of motivation? expectancy theory. ERG theory. reinforcement theory. equity theory.
ERG theory.
All of the following statements regarding negotiations around the world are correct EXCEPT Given their culture, Chinese negotiators are uncomfortable saying "no." Some cultures find it disrespectful to negotiate prior to establishing a trusting relationship. Since Japan is a high context culture, information for negotiation is learned from what is not said as well as what is said. Eastern cultures tend view negotiations as a business activity while Western cultures see it as a social activity.
Eastern cultures tend view negotiations as a business activity while Western cultures see it as a social activity.
Research on Fiedler's Contingency Theory indicates which of the following? Predictions about where high LPC leadership will be effective are supported more than those where low LPC leadership is effective. There is full support for Fiedler's Contingency theory. Fiedler's theory is important because it recognizes the importance of the leadership context. Fiedler's theory is a useful framework for thinking about which learned skills are useful in predicting leadership.
Fiedler's theory is important because it recognizes the importance of the leadership context.
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about leader-member exchange (LMX) theory? High LMX relationships involve an active dislike between the leader and member. In high LMX relationships, the leader has a trust-based relationship with the member. In high LMX relationships, both leader and member go above and beyond their job descriptions to assist the other party in succeeding. In low LMX relationships, the leader does his job and the member does his.
High LMX relationships involve an active dislike between the leader and member. In high-quality LMX relationships, the leader forms a trust-based relationship with the member. The leader and member like each other, help each other when needed, and respect each other.
Which of the following statements regarding power distribution research is INCORRECT? Power distribution is visible in organizations. Individuals ranked themselves higher than their coworkers did. In comparing rankings given to managers with regard to their influence, there was general agreement on the top five but no agreement on the bottom five. Research indicates the ability to rank managers by influence is a consistent practice in various industries and firms.
In comparing rankings given to managers with regard to their influence, there was general agreement on the top five but no agreement on the bottom five.
Which of the following statements regarding factors of change in the organization is INCORRECT? Rapid developments in technology force a firm to change its technology to keep up. Manufacturing jobs have been outsourced, but knowledge-based jobs are largely safe from such movement. Though 50% of all small businesses fail, those that succeed often evolve into large, complex organizations over time. Changes in market conditions or the economy may cause companies to change the manner in which they do business.
Manufacturing jobs have been outsourced, but knowledge-based jobs are largely safe from such movement.
Which of the following need-based theories has received the greatest amount of support? Herzberg's two-factor theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs Alderfer's ERG theory McClelland's acquired needs theory
McClelland's acquired needs theory
Which of the following statements regarding performance and organizational change is INCORRECT? More successful firms find it easier to change than those performing poorly. Nothing fails like success is a fitting saying to describe the relationship between organizational change and performance. Change in upper level management is a motivator for organizational level change. Successful companies often have special practices in place to keep the organization open to change.
More successful firms find it easier to change than those performing poorly.
Which of the following statements regarding change is INCORRECT? Organizational change is the movement of an organization from one state of affairs to another. Organizational change takes only a few forms. Organizational change, at its most basic, involves effective people management. Organizational change can be forced or planned.
Organizational change takes only a few forms.
_______________ power is more effective than formal power bases and is positively related to employee performance and organizational commitment. Legitimate Referent Reward Information
Referent
T/F Surveys indicate that resistance to change is one of the top two reasons why change efforts within organizations fail.
T
Which of the following statements regarding the Zimbardo study is correct? The experimental guards received training before they were told to keep order. The guards became abusive and aggressive, but the prisoners exhibited little reaction. Study participants refused to adapt to their roles. The Zimbardo study was ended early due to the participant's deep entrenchment of the roles.
The Zimbardo study was ended early due to the participant's deep entrenchment of the roles
In which of the following scenarios would you expect high performance? The five team members never have a negative word to say to each other; there never seems to be any conflict on the team. The two members of the team are constantly bickering. One never says anything without the other disagreeing. The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about a number of issues. The three partners have an interesting relationship. Partner A is almost always in agreement with Partner B, but fights constantly with Partner C. Partners B and C get along at times and fight at times.
The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about a number of issues.
Which of the statements regarding research on House's path-goal theory is correct? House's theory suggests that the leader's style is fixed and the environment changes. The theory has been fully tested and verified. The theory's greatest contribution is the importance of the leader's ability to change styles depending on the circumstances. House's theory is based upon goal-setting theory.
The theory's greatest contribution is the importance of the leader's ability to change styles depending on the circumstances.
Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of authentic leaders? They are not afraid to act they way they are. They understand where they are coming from. They have no set priorities. They have high levels of personal integrity.
They have no set priorities
___________ leaders lead employees by aligning employee goals with the leader's goals. Directive Transactional Transformational Achievement-oriented
Transformational
T/F Organizational change can be either radical or incremental.
True
Which of the following statements regarding upward influence is INCORRECT? While helping higher-ups be more effective can help employees gain more power for themselves, there is no gain for those same employees from allowing those below to influence them. Asian American and Caucasian American managers use different tactics in influencing their superiors than they utilize in influencing their subordinates. As organization complexity grows, the need for upward influence increases. Upward influence examples include forming an alliance or a perceived alliance with a higher up and appealing to a higher authority.
While helping higher-ups be more effective can help employees gain more power for themselves, there is no gain for those same employees from allowing those below to influence them.
Men and women tend to differ in their communication styles. Which of the following statements regarding those differences is correct? Women focus more on competition in their communication; men on cooperation. Women use metaphors from the home; men from work. Women focus on intuition in communicating; men on data. Men focus on requests in their communication; women on orders.
Women focus on intuition in communicating; men on data.
All of the following would freeze a conversation EXCEPT You think you have problems! You are very skilled at that. You're jealous. You had better listen.
You are very skilled at that.
All of the following statements are correct with regard to determining your BATNA EXCEPT The party with the best BATNA is in the best negotiating position. You must determine your own BATNA but there is little you can do with regard to the BATNA of the party with whom you are negotiating. Assessing the best alternative to a negotiated agreement assists you in deciding whether to accept an offer. The reason you negotiate is to obtain something better than what you would obtain without negotiating, so know your alternatives.
You must determine your own BATNA but there is little you can do with regard to the BATNA of the party with whom you are negotiating.
External communication about a client's product or service created for specific receivers is a company report a web page an ad a press release
a press release
Conflict is a process whereby two or more parties work toward an agreement. a process where an outside third party enters the situation with the goal of assisting the parties to reach an agreement. a process that involves people disagreeing. a process that involves bringing in a third party who has the authority to act as a judge and will make a decision to which parties must adhere.
a process that involves people disagreeing.
Intrapersonal conflict is a type of conflict between two people. conflict that takes place between different groups such as between different departments. a process that involves people disagreeing. a type of conflict that arises when a person is uncertain about what is expected or wanted or has a sense of being inadequate to the task.
a type of conflict that arises when a person is uncertain about what is expected or wanted or has a sense of being inadequate to the task.
Research has found all of the Big 5 personality traits to be related to leader emergence and leader effectiveness EXCEPT conscientiousness. agreeableness. extraversion. openness.
agreeableness.
An external communication that combines the look of an article with the focused message of an ad is a web page. an advertorial. a press release. a sweepstakes form.
an advertorial.
Downward influence is best achieved through citing the firm's goals. forming alliances. an inspiring vision. forming support networks.
an inspiring vision.
Which of the following is NOT a stage of Lewin's model of planned change? refreeze unfreeze assess change
assess
The trait approach to leadership examines all of the following factors EXCEPT psychological attributes. behaviors. personality characteristics. physical characteristics.
behaviors.
Openness is being outgoing, talkative, sociable, and enjoying social situations. being affable, tolerant, sensitive, trusting, kind and warm. being curious, original, intellectual, creative and receptive to new ideas. being organized, systematic, punctual, achievement-oriented and dependable.
being curious, original, intellectual, creative and receptive to new ideas
When well-designed, organizational controls can provide benefits such as responsive costs. culture and reputation costs. direct and indirect financial costs. better ability to manage uncertainty and complexity.
better ability to manage uncertainty and complexity.
All of the following would be effective means of stimulating conflict EXCEPT assigning someone to play devil's advocate. encouraging disagreement with no fear of reprisal. creating competition between teams or individuals with a bonus for those with the best solution. building clarity into the situation.
building clarity into the situation.
Listening is an art, not a skill, and cannot be learned. does not require close attention to the sender so multitasking is possible. can be demonstrated to the sender by nonverbal signals like the nod of a head. creates a bond between communicators, but does not increase communication flow or accuracy.
can be demonstrated to the sender by nonverbal signals like the nod of a head
When a target agrees to a request and actively supports it, the target's response is resistance. compliance. commitment. conformity.
commitment
All of the following are aspects of crucial conversations EXCEPT crucial conversations are ones where opinions vary and emotions run strong. high stakes conversations require more planning, reflection and skill than many other types of verbal communication. communications experts suggest using "but" not "and" in crucial conversations. crucial conversations require flexible communication styles to be most effective.
communications experts suggest using "but" not "and" in crucial conversations.
Being organized, systematic, punctual, achievement-oriented and dependable are characteristics of the personality trait openness. agreeableness. extraversion. conscientiousness.
conscientiousness.
People-oriented behaviors are also called initiating structure. consideration. laissez-faire. authoritarian.
consideration.
To influence instrumentality, managers can ensure that environment facilitates performance. give employees choice over rewards. consistently reward high performers. encourage people to believe their effort makes a difference.
consistently reward high performers.
The influence tactic that works most effectively in organizations that value democratic decision making is pressure. coalition. consultation. ingratiation.
consultation
When reinforcers follow all examples of positive behavior you are using a __________ ___________ of reinforcement. variable ratio equity ratio continuous schedule fixed ratio schedule
continuous schedule
Communication fulfills all of the following organizational functions EXCEPT transmitting information. sharing emotions. control. coordination.
control.
All of the following statements regarding organizational politics are correct EXCEPT organizational politics are informal, unofficial, and even behind-the-scene efforts to influence, increase power or achieve objectives. politics arise in an organization as an attempt to influence the allocation of scarce resources. effective politics is all about winning at all costs. organizations are made up of different interests that must be aligned.
effective politics is all about winning at all costs.
Maslow's theory of motivation suggests employee needs are ordered. employee needs are grouped in three categories. employee needs are divided into motivator and hygiene categories. employee needs are acquired as the result of life experiences.
employee needs are ordered.
Research on employee perception of organizational politics finds all of the following if employees think that their organization is overly driven by politics, EXCEPT employees have lower job satisfaction, but are no less committed to the organization. employees perform worse on their jobs. employees have higher levels of job anxiety. that perception can be reduced by an infusion of a high level of feedback by the leader.
employees have lower job satisfaction, but are no less committed to the organization.
Research on performance incentives suggest all of the following EXCEPT employees report lower levels of pay satisfaction under pay-for-performance systems. firms with pay-for-performance systems have higher customer service. eighty percent of all American companies use merit pay. pay-for-performance systems are more effective at retaining higher performing employees than praise or recognition systems.
employees report lower levels of pay satisfaction under pay-for-performance systems.
Alderfer's growth needs correspond to Maslow's social needs. safety needs. esteem needs. physiological needs.
esteem needs.
All of the following are organizational antecedents of political behavior EXCEPT expectations of success. role ambiguity. resource scarcity. democratic decision making.
expectations of success.
Access to specific knowledge or skills is _______________ power. coercive expert referent reward
expert
The Big 5 personality trait ___________ has the strongest relationship to both leader emergence and leader effectiveness. conscientiousness agreeableness extraversion openness
extraversion
Research findings of leader behaviors suggest when leaders are task oriented, employees are more satisfied. task oriented behaviors tend to be more effective in large companies. extremely high levels of leader task-oriented behaviors may lead to burnout in employees. employees who work under people oriented leaders are more productive.
extremely high levels of leader task-oriented behaviors may lead to burnout in employees.
If leader-subordinate relations are good, position power is high and task is structured, the situation would be categorized as favorable. medium favorable. unfavorable. controlled.
favorable.
Servant leaders put themselves first. make their overriding goal getting their employees to contribute to the community. make their primary mission high-level personal achievement. feel an obligation to their employees, customers and the larger community.
feel an obligation to their employees, customers and the larger community.
People resist change for all of the following reasons EXCEPT disrupted habits. personality. feelings of certainty. fear of failure.
feelings of certainty.
All of the following are rules for active listening EXCEPT find areas of agreement with the speaker. listen for feelings. note all cues. listen for message content.
find areas of agreement with the speaker.
Research on the direction of influence and the effectiveness of various influence techniques indicates all of the following EXCEPT rational persuasion is the most frequently used influence tactic across all functional groups. subordinate use of assertiveness and rationality as influence tactics lead to negative outcomes. introverts are more likely to use inspirational appeal as an influence tactic. the better the quality of relationship between the subordinate and supervisor, the more positively resistance to influence techniques are seen.
subordinate use of assertiveness and rationality as influence tactics lead to negative outcomes.
Recent surveys indicate that managers spend a majority of their time communicating with what group? those external to the organization superiors subordinates others that are internal to the firm (e.g., those in other departments).
subordinates
All of the following factors are important when unfreezing for planned change EXCEPT taking things slowly; do not suggest a crisis is imminent create a vision for change communicate the plan for change provide support
taking things slowly; do not suggest a crisis is imminent
Mediation is the process of bringing in a third party who has the authority to act as a judge and will make a binding decision. the process where a third party enters the situation with the goal of assisting the parties to reach an agreement. the process whereby two or more parties work toward an agreement. the process that involves people disagreeing.
the process where a third party enters the situation with the goal of assisting the parties to reach an agreement.
The earliest approach to the study of leadership was the trait approach. the behavioral approach. the transactional approach. the transformational approach.
the trait approach.
Research on equity theory suggests those who perceive inequity increase their work performance. those who feel over-rewarded experience little distress over the situation. those who feel over-rewarded experience guilt over the situation. those who perceive inequity encourage their fellow coworkers to work less hard.
those who feel over-rewarded experience little distress over the situation.
Research on transformational and transactional leadership shows all of the following EXCEPT transformational leaders increase the performance of their followers. transactional leaders have positive influences over employee attitudes. transformational leaders create higher levels of commitment to organizational change efforts. transactional leaders increase the intrinsic motivation of their followers.
transactional leaders increase the intrinsic motivation of their followers.
Maslow's physiological needs may be satisfied by: food. feeling danger-free. feelings of importance. human bonds.
food.
Research shows that when confronted with a conflict situation, subordinates are most likely to use all of the following conflict handling styles EXCEPT compromising forcing avoiding accommodating
forcing
Research shows that when managers are dealing with conflict they prefer which conflict handling style? compromising accommodating avoiding forcing
forcing
In situations of medium favorableness, low LPC leaders are effective. high LPC leaders are effective. medium LPC leaders are effective. either low or high LPC leaders will be effective.
high LPC leaders are effective
servant leadership is a leadership approach that defines the leader's role as serving the needs of others. refers to effective leaders who stay true to themselves. is leading employees by aligning employee goals with the leader's goals. involves structuring the roles of subordinates, providing them with instructions, and behaving in ways that will increase the performance of the group.
is a leadership approach that defines the leader's role as serving the needs of others.
Research suggests all of the following are outcomes of impression management EXCEPT impression management is related to higher performance ratings for the subordinate due to increased liking on the part of the manager. occurs throughout the workplace. influence is especially salient in interview and promotional contexts. is less influential in unstructured interviews than structured interviews.
is less influential in unstructured interviews than structured interviews.
Coercive power is the ability to take something away or punish someone for noncompliance. is the ability to influence due to the possession of knowledge or skill. stems from the personal characteristics of the person such as the degree to which we respect and want to be like them. stems from one's organizational role or position.
is the ability to take something away or punish someone for noncompliance.
Communication that is asynchronous is written for one receiver, but can be read by many. is written for one receiver and read by one receiver. is written by the sender and can be read any time by the receiver. is written for many but often read by only a few.
is written by the sender and can be read any time by the receiver.
Research on procedural justice suggests it is best to exclude employees from commenting on potential changes in company procedures like performance appraisals because they do not understand the decision-making process anyway. it is best to unexpectedly announce department-wide layoffs because when employees suspect changes in their job status are upcoming, they tend to become much less productive. it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage. it is best to send an announcement of changes to the company benefit package for the next fiscal year without providing explanatory details because employees do not understand the financial implications anyway.
it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage.
The value of the resource is its scarcity. its substitutability. its importance. its dependency.
its importance.
The leadership decision tree focuses on a static leadership style. focuses on leader emergence. focuses on an adaptive leadership style. leads to the determination of how much involvement leaders should seek in making decisions.
leads to the determination of how much involvement leaders should seek in making decisions.
Power that comes from one's organizational role or position is expert power. referent power. legitimate power. information power.
legitimate power.
Which one of the following traits is NOT a tool that transformational leaders use to influence employees and create commitment to the company goals? charisma management by exception intellectual stimulation inspirational motivation
management by exception
Which of the following statements regarding antecedents of political behavior is INCORRECT? Role ambiguity presents opportunities for employees to negotiate their duties. Authoritarian decision making leads to more political behavior in the organization. Individuals high in political skill are more effective at their jobs. Individuals high in internal locus of control engage in more political behavior.
Authoritarian decision making leads to more political behavior in the organization.
All of the following statements regarding resistance to change are correct EXCEPT all change attempts have to overcome the resistance of people. if resistance to change is not addressed by the firm, time and energy will be lost. when people react negatively to change, they are absent more often. when people react negatively to change, they experience negative emotions, but are no more likely to leave the firm than they would be in a firm that was not undergoing organizational change.
when people react negatively to change, they experience negative emotions, but are no more likely to leave the firm than they would be in a firm that was not undergoing organizational change.
All of the statements regarding workplace demographics and their impact on change are correct EXCEPT an older workforce that chooses retirement may cause a loss of valuable knowledge for firms. will create a need for new types of benefits. will likely cause flexible work hours and job sharing to diminish as older people like the structure of set hours of work. will create a need to train managers so that they are not using age-related stereotypes in managing those employees.
will likely cause flexible work hours and job sharing to diminish as older people like the structure of set hours of work.
Which of the following statements regarding leader-member exchange relationships is INCORRECT? A problem with a low-quality exchange relationship is that employees may not have access to a positive work environment. All employees would like to have a positive relationship with their leader. If a leader is unethical, employees may not want to have a relationship so as not to suffer from guilt by association. When high LMX employees succeed, leaders credit the efforts they put forward and their high level abilities.
All employees would like to have a positive relationship with their leader.
Research on communication indicates all of the following EXCEPT Poor communication can lead to lawsuits. Effective communication skills are the top skills sought by recruiters today. Poor communication is seen as a causal factor in 70-80% of all accidents. Although good communication helps retain effective performers, it does not increase a firm's market share.
Although good communication helps retain effective performers, it does not increase a firm's market share.
If there is conflict between two members of a team and the underlying reason for the conflict is personality differences, what is a viable way of managing the organizational conflict? Change the structure of the organization. Focus attention on a common enemy of the two clashing team members. Take a majority vote on which individual is causing more issues on the team. Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.
Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.
Which of the following statements is true about the manner in which managers can influence the perceptions of expectancy theory? Individuals with an internal locus of control and high self-esteem believe there is little connection between their effort and performance so a great deal of feedback is needed to motivate them. Regardless of the performance rating given on a performance evaluation, make certain that everyone gets a small raise annually. Recognize good performance of individuals with cost effective items like coffee mugs and t-shirts. Conduct employee surveys periodically to ascertain what they consider to be rewards for performance and integrate that in some manner into the performance evaluation program.
Conduct employee surveys periodically to ascertain what they consider to be rewards for performance and integrate that in some manner into the performance evaluation program.
Analyzing Trader Joe's success using Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation would suggest that contextual factors, like being among the best paid employees in the retail industry, are the only reason for the firm's success. content factors, like the collaborative atmosphere in each supermarket, are the only reason for the firm's success. growth needs, like the autonomy of opening products for customer samples, are the only reason for the firm's success. Contextual, content, and growth needs factors all help to contribute to Trader Joe's success.
Contextual, content, and growth needs factors all help to contribute to Trader Joe's success.
Research on decision-making styles finds Laissez-faire decision making is positively related to employee satisfaction. Democratic decision is clearly the most effective method. Employees care more about the overall participativeness of the organizational climate than involvement in every single decision. Scientists favor authoritarian decision making over democratic decision making.
Employees care more about the overall participativeness of the organizational climate than involvement in every single decision.
Which of the following statements related to the unfreezing stage of planned change is INCORRECT? Allow employee participation in planning for change efforts. Get everyone on board as soon as the change is initiated. Make sure management provides emotional and instrumental support. Make sure employees hear about planned changes via official channels, not the grapevine.
Get everyone on board as soon as the change is initiated.
Which of the following statements regarding House's path-goal theory of leadership is INCORRECT? The role of the leader in the path-goal theory is to remove roadblocks and create a motivational environment for workers. Each leadership style identified in the path-goal theory is effective depending on the employee characteristics and those of the work environment. House's path-goal theory of motivation is based upon the equity theory of motivation. Leaders can create high performing employees by making sure employee effort leads to performance and that performance is rewarded with desired rewards.
House's path-goal theory of motivation is based upon the equity theory of motivation.
Which of the following statements regarding intelligence is INCORRECT? One's intelligence is the strongest predictor of leadership performance. People with high mental abilities are more likely to be viewed as leaders in their environment. Effective leaders tend to have high emotional intelligence as well as high mental intelligence. IQ matters for entry into the high level managerial ranks, but once there, IQ is less effective since all others at that level also possess high IQ.
One's intelligence is the strongest predictor of leadership performance.
When organizational behavior modification is used to examine employee absenteeism, which step looks at why employees are absent? Step 5: Evaluate and maintain. Step 1: Identify behavior to modify. Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes. Step 2: Measure the baseline level.
Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes.
T/F Culture and reputation costs are intangible costs associated with any form of control.
T
In which of the following scenarios are you most likely to experience conflict? Resources within the firm are relatively plentiful and most departments in the organization are seeing a modest increase in their annual budget. Interdepartment meetings have just been concluded that created a list of goals for each department that are compatible with one another. The firm just instituted a matrix structure Self-awareness exercises have been completed and most of the team members were categorized as Type B.
The firm just instituted a matrix structure
Which of the following statements regarding the Milgram experiment on conformity to authority is correct? Participants believed they were engaged in an experiment on job design. Over half of the participants refused to shock the learner at very high voltage levels regardless of the encouragement to do so provided by the experimenter. Several learners were treated for depression at the conclusion of the study. The researcher/experimenter's role was very important in obtaining group compliance with the experiment procedures/guidelines.
The researcher/experimenter's role was very important in obtaining group compliance with the experiment procedures/guidelines.
Alderfer's theory of motivation does all of the following EXCEPT relax the basic assumptions of Maslow's theory of needs assume needs are hierarchically-based propose a "frustration-regression" hypothesis assume needs are grouped into three categories
assume needs are hierarchically-based
Maslow's social needs could be satisfied by receiving an employee of the month award. getting promoted to assistant manager from a supervisor position. attending a department picnic after work. taking a class on Microsoft Office.
attending a department picnic after work.
Attempting to get others to do what we want is commitment. power. charisma. influence.
influence.
Effective managers tend to use more information-rich channels. verbal channels. written channels. nonverbal channels.
information-rich channels.
Using different forms of making others feel good about themselves is the influence tactic of exchange. ingratiation. pressure. personal appeal.
ingratiation.
All of the following are examples of the Big 5 Personality traits EXCEPT openness. extraversion. intelligence. agreeableness.
intelligence.
Which of the following is not an aspect of the verbal strategy of impression management? tone of voice rate of your speech intent of your speech what you choose to say
intent of your speech
Leaders who ensure their employees take part in decision making have a(n) _________________ leadership style. achievement-oriented supportive directive participative
participative
Being disturbed by changes without voicing your opinion is active resistance. passive resistance. enthusiastic support. compliance.
passive resistance
Servant leadership has an explicit focus on all of the following factors EXCEPT ethics. community development. paternalism. self-sacrifice.
paternalism.
All of the following statements regarding reasons employees resist change are correct EXCEPT those who feel they can perform well under a new system will be more committed than those who have lower confidence in their ability to perform. we are creatures of habit. feelings of uncertainty create stress. people with a negative self-concept view change as an opportunity.
people with a negative self-concept view change as an opportunity.
Which of the following is NOT an impression management category that an individual can use to accomplish the outcomes desired? personality verbal nonverbal behavior
personality
According to surveys, the most frequently used influence tactic is personal appeals. rational persuasion. legitimating. pressure.
rational persuasion
Ensuring that change becomes permanent and the new procedures become the norm is what stage of Lewin's model of planned change? refreeze unfreeze assess change
refreeze
Maslow's theory of motivation is criticized because research does not support the argument that satisfied needs no longer motivate behavior. its "frustration-regression" hypothesis has no practical implications for the workplace. the research methodology employed does not fully account for the attribution of cause to the individual or the situation. substantial empirical research has indicated little practical application of the theory.
research does not support the argument that satisfied needs no longer motivate behavior
When the influence target does not wish to comply with the request and either passively or actively repels the influence attempt, they are exhibiting conformity. compliance. commitment. resistance.
resistance.
Expectancy theory suggests individuals are motivated when all of the following conditions are met EXCEPT effort leads to high performance. rewards lead to high performance. rewards are valuable to the performer. high performance will be rewarded.
rewards lead to high performance
All of the following are individual antecedents of political behavior EXCEPT political skill. role ambiguity. expectations of success. internal locus of control.
role ambiguity
All of the following are examples of intrapersonal conflict EXCEPT role conflict. role differences. role ambiguity. role reversal.
role reversal.
With the scorecard and strategy map in hand, managers break broad goals down into policies. mission. strategies. financial and non financial goals.
strategies.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation suggests once basic needs are satisfied, higher order needs become motivators. enjoys strong research support. is a systematic approach managers can utilize to explain the similar needs employees have at any given time and the similar reactions of employees to similar treatment. was developed based on Maslow's observations of individual employees in a variety of workplace settings.
suggests once basic needs are satisfied, higher order needs become motivators.
If jobs are boring and repetitive or tasks are stressful, the ________ style of leadership is most effective. supportive achievement oriented directive participative
supportive
The two broad categories of leader behaviors are task-oriented and authority-oriented structures. task-oriented and initiating structures. people-oriented and authority-oriented structures. task-oriented and people-oriented structures.
task-oriented and people-oriented structures.
All of the following are criticisms of Herzberg's theory of motivation EXCEPT the primary research methodology of the study may be flawed. the classification of factors as hygiene or motivator is not simple. pay may have symbolic value as communication that the employee is advancing within the company. the theory suggests that improving the environment only goes so far in motivating employees.
the theory suggests that improving the environment only goes so far in motivating employees.
If leader-subordinate relations are poor, position power is low, and task is unstructure, the situation would be categorized as favorable. medium favorable. unfavorable. controlled.
unfavorable.
What is the first step in Lewin's model of planned change? refreeze unfreeze assess change
unfreeze
Individuals with a high need for affiliation want to influence others. have a strong need to be successful. desire to make an impact on the organization. want to be accepted by others.
want to be accepted by others.
If you dislike working with a person and do not care for them on a personal level either, you would have a low least preferred coworker score. you would have a high least preferred coworker score. you would have a midrange least preferred coworker score. you would not have a least preferred coworker score.
you would have a low least preferred coworker score.
T/F People do not welcome change whether it is favorable or not to them.
F
People's tendencies to behave consistently with social norms is culture. conformity. power. dependency.
conformity.
Communication usually travels diagonally to supervisors. coworkers. subordinates. other departments.
other departments.
Which of the following statements regarding the Asch studies is INCORRECT? Most of the participants in the Asch groups were confederates. A dissenting minority influenced the nature of response given by participants. Conformity with an incorrect answer was attributed to the perception that some members of the group had more information regarding the correct choice. A dissenting minority response caused the participants to give the correct answer only if that minority also gave the right answer.
A dissenting minority response caused the participants to give the correct answer only if that minority also gave the right answer.
Which of the following statements is true? A need for achievement can be a destructive element in relationships with colleagues. A high need for affiliation serves as a real advantage in managerial positions especially with regard to conducting performance appraisals. A high need for power is a trait of those successful in the sales area. A need for power can have an altruistic form.
A need for power can have an altruistic form.
How could a firm best satisfy an employee's safety needs? Enroll the employee in a Microsoft Office training course. Provide an employee appreciation luncheon. Develop a weekly employee bowling league. Create a job security clause in the employment contract.
Create a job security clause in the employment contract.
Which of the following statements regarding the second stage of planned change is INCORRECT? Early success gives change planners credibility. Employees will be stressed; support them. Create big wins because people need to see that things are happening. Ensure that management keeps alert to and deals with obstacles that arise.
Create big wins because people need to see that things are happening.
Conflict between two individuals such as coworkers is intrapersonal conflict interpersonal conflict. intergroup conflict. interdepartment conflict.
interpersonal conflict.
Which of the following statements regarding the positive and negative consequences of power is INCORRECT? Individuals are often quick to question the actions of those in power. Powerful CEOs can align an organization to achieve goals. The adage, "Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely" seems to have some merit. Power can corrupt and lead to the destruction of companies.
Individuals are often quick to question the actions of those in power.
Research indicates which of the following findings regarding negotiations is correct? Those who encounter anger during negotiation are likely to counter with an accommodation approach to negotiations. Though men have a greater tendency to negotiate in a salary situation, they are no more successful than women in securing an increase. Setting integrative goals is no more likely to improve the chances of arriving at an agreement than going into negotiations with adversarial goals. Individuals who were unable to negotiate a deal in previous negotiation situations tended to have lower outcomes in subsequent negotiations than those who had initially negotiated deals in the past.
Individuals who were unable to negotiate a deal in previous negotiation situations tended to have lower outcomes in subsequent negotiations than those who had initially negotiated deals in the past.
Which of the following statements regarding self-esteem and leadership is INCORRECT? Leaders with high self esteem support their subordinates more than leaders with lower self esteem. Research shows a strong relationship between height and being viewed as a leader which may be accounted for by self-esteem. Those with high self esteem have high self confidence which may affect the image perceived by followers. Leaders with high self esteem punish their subordinates less effectively, when such punishment is due, than do leaders with lower self esteem.
Leaders with high self esteem punish their subordinates less effectively, when such punishment is due, than do leaders with lower self esteem.
The simple premise of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is more than one human need operates at one time. work environment aspects that satisfy an individual are very different than those aspects which dissatisfy an individual. individuals acquire three types of needs as a result of their life experiences. human beings have needs that are hierarchically ranked.
human beings have needs that are hierarchically ranked.
The first step of an organizational behavior modification program is evaluate and maintain. identify behavior to be modified. analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes. measure the baseline level.
identify behavior to be modified. analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes.
Negative reinforcement decreases the desired behavior. decreases the frequency of negative behavior. increases the desired behavior. reduces the frequency of undesired behavior.
increases the desired behavior.
Positive reinforcement decreases the desired behavior. decreases the frequency of negative behavior. increases the desired behavior. reduces the frequency of undesired behavior.
increases the desired behavior.
Task-oriented behaviors are also called authoritarianism. consideration. initiating structure laissez-faire.
initiating structure
Information-rich channels convey more verbal information. nonverbal information. effective information. ineffective information.
nonverbal information.
Intergroup conflict occurs between two individuals. occurs within the individual. occurs between two departments. occurs between team members.
occurs between two departments.
Which of the following statements regarding reasons employees resist change is correct? people may not welcome the change currently proposed, but they do not usually place those changes into any past context, so former unsuccessful changes have little impact on the situation. people resist change even if it is personally beneficial to them. people are less likely to resist a change that is big in scope and has far reaching consequences. people resist change that negatively impacts their influence and power in the firm.
people resist change that negatively impacts their influence and power in the firm.
The ability to influence the behavior of others to get what you want is charisma. power. conformity. pressure.
power.
During which phase of the negotiation process does an individual assemble the information gathered in such a manner that his position is supported? investigation determining the BATNA bargaining presentation
presentation
All of the following are actions those who perceive inequity can undertake to "balance the scales" EXCEPT steal. begin to arrive at work late. quit. produce higher quality work.
produce higher quality work
One way to satisfy self-actualization needs is to pursue a master's degree through a company's tuition reimbursement program. go out to dinner once a month with coworkers from your department. get a $100 suggestion bonus from your firm for a labor cost saving tip you placed in your department's suggestion box. receive an employee of the week award.
pursue a master's degree through a company's tuition reimbursement program.
Political behaviors in organizations include all of the following EXCEPT negotiating. rational decision making. alliance building. resolving conflicting interests.
rational decision making.
Alderfer's existence needs correspond to Maslow's social needs. esteem needs. self-actualization needs. safety needs.
safety needs
Which of the following is a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory of motivation? promotion opportunities. interesting work. salary. achievement.
salary.
An achievement-oriented leader makes sure employees are involved in decision making. provides directions for his employees. provides emotional support to employees. sets goals for employees and encourages them to reach their goals.
sets goals for employees and encourages them to reach their goals.
The collaborative work environment at Trader Joe's satisfies which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? safety self-actualization social physiological
social
Referent power is the ability to take something away or punish someone for noncompliance. is the ability to influence due to the possession of knowledge or skill. stems from the personal characteristics of the person such as the degree to which we respect and want to be like them. stems from one's organizational role or position.
stems from the personal characteristics of the person such as the degree to which we respect and want to be like them.
In expectancy theory, valence is the perception that high levels of effort will lead to outcomes of interest like performance. the perception that performance is related to subsequent outcomes such as rewards. the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome. the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness, and dignity.
the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome.
Interactional justice is the degree to which outcomes received from the organization are perceived to be fair. the degree to which fair decision-making procedures are used to arrive at a decision. the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness and dignity in interpersonal interactions. the belief that high levels of effort will lead to high performance.
the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness and dignity in interpersonal interactions.
Esteem needs are the need to bond with other human beings. the desire to form lasting attachments. the desire to feel important. the freedom from an uncertain future.
the desire to feel important.
The relationship between dependency and power suggests the more difficult it is find a substitute, the less power held by the person with the substitute. the more unique your resource, the more power you will have. the more vital the resources you control, the less power you hold. the more dependent an individual is on another, the less power the one being depended on has in the situation.
the more unique your resource, the more power you will have.
A mediator should enter a negotiation when personal differences are detected. the parties are only talking for short periods of time and tension is rising. the parties are unable to find a solution. a quick resolution is desired but not imperative.
the parties are unable to find a solution.
Most research on leadership has been conducted on which of the following contingency theories of leadership? Fieldler's contingency theory House's path-goal theory transformational leadership theory authentic leadership theory
transformational leadership theory
People-oriented behaviors include providing employees instructions. treating employees with respect. structuring employee roles. planning for increased employee performance.
treating employees with respect.
The key factor in the effectiveness of transformational leadership is trust. creativeness. extraversion. charisma.
trust.