Organization Behavior Exam 2

According to the multiple levels of analysis anchor,

OB topics typically relate to the individual, team, and organizational levels of analysis

The 30-minute time period set aside each morning by George should help promote which stage of the creative process?

both preparation and incubation

Janet works on a team of 15 people working in research and development for a toy maker. They have weekly meetings to discuss new toy ideas. At these meetings, participants are encouraged to identify potential toy products no matter how crazy they seem, to build on each other's ideas, and to avoid evaluating or criticizing any of the ideas presented. Janet has several good ideas in these sessions, but forgets or doesn't have time to mention some of them because it takes time for her teammates to finish describing their ideas. What type of meetings is Janet participating in?

brainstorming

The Dot Com business boom can be used as an example of

escalation of commitment

A significant weakness with Frederick Winslow Taylor's theory of scientific management is that it:

fails to address the problem that highly specialized jobs can reduce employee motivation.

There is evidence that people from Asian countries are less likely to engage in _____ because those cultures emphasize the context of behavior more than do Western cultures.

fundamental attribution error

A mid-sized city introduced a reward system whereby employees would find ways to reduce costs and increase work efficiency. Every employee would receive a portion of the surplus budget resulting from these cost savings. Which of the following reward systems is this city using?

gainsharing plan

You have just received seed money for a new e-commerce business and you want to hire a dozen people with a high level of creative potential. To hire the most creative people, you would select applicants who have

high degree of nonconformity, high value for self-direction, and relatively low need for affiliation.

According to the rational choice decision-making process, the first step in solving this problem would be

identify the problem or opportunity.

The previous IT manager rarely held meetings, except to lecture to employees and give them news. Michael takes a different approach. He holds more frequent meetings where employees are asked for their ideas to make the IT system more effective for internal clients. He also asks employees for their candid views on the company's strategies, then summarizes and conveys to more senior executives in the company. These meetings will likely give employees are greater sense of ________:

impact

Lorraine has worked at GHI Inc. for 14 years. GHI has a large building where each divisional unit is located on a different floor. Lorraine works on the accounting floor and belongs to the budget committee, where she met Sally from Engineering and Jonas from Receiving. This committee provides recommendations to upper management on various financial issues affecting the company. Each week, the three meet after work on Thursdays to play darts at a local pub. The three meeting after work to play darts is an example of a(n)

informal group

A video journalist's job consists of operating the camera, reporting the story, and often editing the work, whereas these three tasks were traditionally performed by three people. Video journalism is an example of

job enrichment and job enlargement.

Liam works in a team of four other accounting professionals within a company. Liam doesn't particularly agree with many of his teammates' ideas, such as leaving work early and failing to double-check some account entries. However, he works comfortably with the group because their behavior and decisions are predictable. What foundation of trust does Liam have in this team?

knowledge-based

The previous manager received, but did not share with staff, personal messages sent from employees throughout the company who had been affected (favorably and adversely) by the work performed by the IT unit. Michael started sharing these messages with IT staff. These messages potentially increase employees' a sense of _____ in their work.

meaning

The Director of Nursing is looking throughout the hospital for a new format of a work schedule for nurses. She evaluates each schedule system as soon as she learns about it. Eventually, she finds a schedule that is "good enough" for her needs and ends her search even though there may be better schedules available that she hasn't yet learned about. The Director of Nursing is engaging in

satisficing

This restructuring most likely increased each employee's

sense of ownership

Jafina works for a Sunshine Manufacturing, where her team shares a machine and materials with another team that works a different shift. Each team is responsible for ensuring that the machine is in working order and the work area is fully stocked before handing it over to the other team at shift change. While working, Jafina begins the manufacturing process, then passes her work along to her teammate, Georgia, to complete the next step of the process. After this, Georgia passes it along to Jeremy to complete the process. Jafina's team functions with ______ interdependence.

sequential

Barry was assigned recently to a large team working on a major software release that was taking longer than expected. Barry and the other latecomers into the project spent a month partnered with a senior programmer who went over the project in detail with them and got them up to speed. Unfortunately, this training put the project even farther behind schedule. After a few months of working on the project with so many other programmers, Barry's work output becomes noticeably lower than it was before when he was working independently. Barry's reduced work output could be due to a motivational process loss called

social loafing

If Sarine had built several low-cost prototypes to test, she would have been able to test which rule of design thinking?

tangible rule

Synergie Inc. formed a team to improve revenues for its service stations along major highways in Malaysia. This team, which included a service station manager, a truck driver, and four or five marketing executives, disbanded after it had reviewed the Malaysian service stations and submitted a business plan. This team is called a(n)

task force

Which of the following is most likely a benefit Steelweld is trying to achieve with this reward system?

the improvement of workforce flexibility

Organizations retain intellectual capital by

transferring employee capital into structural capital.

Mental models cause us to

utilize perceptual grouping to make sense of things.

A marketing specialist needed to find a new way of marketing the company's main product to its potential clients. While watching a movie one evening, the marketing specialist saw a scene that gave her inspiration for a new marketing plan. According to the creative process model, which of the following is the next stage in the creative process after such inspiration?

verification

Which of the following most likely occurs as a result of confirmation bias?

A police investigator pays attention mainly to evidence that supports his or her theory about who committed the crime.

Personality traits are more evident in situations where an individual's behavior is subject to social norms and reward systems.

False

Phoebe, a manager at a firm, was conventional, resistant to change, and unimaginative. This implies that Phoebe possessed openness to experience.

False

Students experience sequential interdependence when they are lined up at the laser printers trying to get their assignments printed just before a class deadline.

False

dCognitive processes typically occur before emotional processes are initiated.

False

When you have developed an awareness of and openness to others, you have developed a

Global mindset

Which of the following statements is true about globalization and organizational behavior?

Globalization offers numerous benefits to organizations.

Selene and Rita are both engineers at a highly innovative technology company. They are both very creative people. Selene has 15 years of engineering background, a high need for achievement, and strong task motivation, whereas Rita prides herself on her high openness to experience, strong self-direction, and ability to evaluate the potential usefulness of ideas.

Intelligence and independent imagination

What could Sarine have done differently in order to avoid this escalation of commitment with her decisions?

Involve several people in the evaluation of the decision.

If Jill wanted to increase P-to-O expectancies, what should she do?

Measure job performance accurately.

In order to get the "best out of everybody," ABC Corp. must maintain high levels of

Motivation

Which of the following is applied by supervisors when they stop criticizing employees whose substandard performance has improved?

Negative reinforcement

George believes that women have difficulty coping with the stress of executive decisions. Sally is promoted into a senior management position, and George soon complains that Sally won't be able to cope with this job. George is exhibiting which of the following perceptual errors?

Stereotyping

The Beswick Company has an organizational team whose members are highly interdependent but have different goals. The organization should try to reduce the level of interdependence.

True

Which of the following is an example of selective attention?

You notice that two employees are arguing loudly in a company's library.

Lorraine has worked at GHI Inc. for 14 years. GHI has a large building where each divisional unit is located on a different floor. Lorraine works on the accounting floor and belongs to the budget committee, where she met Sally from Engineering and Jonas from Receiving. This committee provides recommendations to upper management on various financial issues affecting the company. Each week, the three meet after work on Thursdays to play darts at a local pub. The budget committee is an example of a(n):

advisory team

People with a high need for ________________ tend to be more effective in jobs that require them to mediate conflicts.

affiliation

After choosing among several computer server systems, the Director of Information Systems feels very positive about the final choice. However, some of this optimism is due to the fact that the Director forgot about few of the limitations of the chosen system and unconsciously downplayed the importance of the positive features of the rejected systems. The Director of Information Systems is engaging in

confirmation bias

Before meeting a new client, a salesperson visualizes the experience of meeting the person and effectively answering some of the challenging questions the client might ask. This activity is an example of

constructive thought patterns

Harassing coworkers, creating unnecessary conflicts, and sabotaging work are all examples of

counterproductive work behaviors.

This change most likely increased all of the following for each employee except

dependence

Dora and Keith are managers at ABC Corporation. Keith is having problems in his department with a lack of innovation. In response, he consults the corporate procedures manual and speaks with his boss about the right way to solve the problem. Dora is also having a similar problem in her own department but decides to confront it by hosting team luncheons where she can learn new perspectives and discuss new "outside the box" ways to deal with the problem. Dora is an example of a(n) _______________ thinker.

divergent

According to four-drive theory, Paul most likely has a high

drive to acquire

Two company divisions produce completely different products but must seek funding from the same head office for a capital expansion project. The relationship between these two divisions would be best described as

pooled interdependence

The objective of the Johari Window is to

reduce our perceptual biases.