Organization Theory Test 2
54. Which of the following statements is true regarding recent research on competence and psychological empowerment? Competent people may feel resentful for bearing the burden of more work. Competent people cost organizations more than they are worth. Competent people get less accomplished than other people. Competent people tend to be assigned less tasks than other people
A. Competent people may feel resentful for bearing the burden of more work.
20. ______ assumes we take into account every single criterion or possible alternative to make a decision. Complete rationality Essential rationality Instrumental rationality Bounded rationality
A. Complete rationality
46. A recent study by Bain shows examined decision-making effectiveness and team size. Which of the following summarizes their conclusions? Decision-making effectiveness is reduced in teams with more than seven people. Decision-making effectiveness is increased in teams with more than seven people. Decision-making effectiveness is reduced in teams with less than three people. Decision-making effectiveness is increased in teams with less than three people.
A. Decision-making effectiveness is reduced in teams with more than seven people.
35. Which of the following statements is true regarding differences between generations when it comes to motivation? Extrinsic values like money were highest among Generation X. Millennials value money more than other generations. Generation X placed the most value on leisure time. Baby boomers had the strongest sense of intrinsic work values.
A. Extrinsic values like money were highest among Generation X.
29. ______ are shortcuts or "rules of thumb" that allow us to make judgments and decisions quickly and efficiently. A. Heuristics B. Satisficing C. Persuasive D. Intuition
A. Heuristics
58. ______ refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards. In other words, the motivation to engage in a behavior arises from within the individual. Intrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation Growth motivation Achievement motivation
A. Intrinsic motivation
43. Which of the following statements is true regarding innovation? Most organizations are emphasizing creativity and innovation in order to stay competitive. Innovation is most relevant for technology and design firms. Innovation is only important for creative industries, like architecture, software development, and fashion. Innovation is only relevant science-based industries like medicine and engineering
A. Most organizations are emphasizing creativity and innovation in order to stay competitive.
99. ______ is the introduction or modification of work assignments, authority relationships, and communication and reward systems. Organizational structure innovation Exploratory Operational innovation Process
A. Organizational structure innovation
69. ______ that provide appropriate rewards and feedback, and that encourage a collaborative environment, tend to possess a more creative culture. Organizations Work groups Coordinators Supervisors
A. Organizations
101. ______ includes the changes in beliefs and behaviors of individuals working in an organization People innovation Exploratory innovation Exploitative innovation Process innovation
A. People innovation
95. ______ is the development of new or improved goods or services that are sold to meet customer needs. Product innovation Exploratory innovation Exploitative innovation Process innovation
A. Product innovation
20. ______ rewards employees for the acquisition of new skills that lead to enhanced work performance. Skill-based pay Job content-based pay Performance-based pay Seniority-based pay
A. Skill-based pay
69. ______ is the reduced effort people exert in a group compared to the amount they supply when working independently. Social loafing Storming Synergy Process losses
A. Social loafing
8. Which of the following statements is true regarding teams with fewer than three people? They tend to not derive the benefits of a collaborative team. They tend to struggle with communication issues. They tend to struggle with control issues. They are the ideal size to collaborate effectively.
A. They tend to not derive the benefits of a collaborative team.
59. Which is the final stage of the group development process according to psychologist Bruce Tuckman? adjourning storming norming performing
A. adjourning
60. Which group development stage is used to describe when individuals either leave the team or have no reason to be in further contact with their teammates? adjourning storming norming performing
A. adjourning
30. Which element below is not one of the types of heuristics mentioned in the textbook? availability projection representativeness anchoring and adjustment
A. availability
31. Which heuristic is defined as a rule of thumb for making judgments based on examples and events that immediately spring to mind? availability confirmation representativeness anchoring and adjustment
A. availability
66. Which term is defined as the degree to which team members connect with each other? cohesion connection norms bond
A. cohesion
11. Demetri enjoys going to work. His work is challenging, and he feels he is using his capabilities and building his skills. Demetri's feelings can be categorized as the need for ______. competence power self-determination affiliation
A. competence
40. Hunter, an art student, was struck by a debilitating injury. The resulting surgery left him with a shaky hand. Most people thought he'd never make art again. But, he found a way to use the constraints he was left with to his advantage. He came up with the idea for an entirely new style of art, using shaky lines. He looked at his "problem" in a totally different way and that made all the difference in his life. The new way of looking at his problem is an example of ______. creativity confirmation bias expertise vision
A. creativity
49. Research Professor Teresa Amabile proposes that ______ is a process rather than a list of traits. creativity originality inventiveness vision
A. creativity
22. Which team below is comprised of a group of workers from different units with various areas of expertise to work on certain projects? cross-functional team self-managing team problem-solving team virtual team
A. cross-functional team
25. Mason has a special project due at the end of the month. He is worried about completing the project on time because he has been placed into a team of people whom he has never met. They have all worked in the company for many years, but they are also all from different departments. Mason's team is a ______. cross-functional team self-managing team problem-solving team virtual team
A. cross-functional team
28. A group of authors have asked Lola to contribute to one of their books. They are interested in her expertise and experience with solving crimes. Each author has a particular skill set that can be valuable to the process. They meet once a month to go over ideas and plots. Lola is part of a ______. cross-functional team self-managing team Problem-solving team virtual team
A. cross-functional team
4. As stated in the textbook, employees have become more empowered through ______. decentralization globalization centralization cross-functional teams
A. decentralization
51. Amabile argues that in order for creativity to occur, we must have ______, or knowledge about the subject and the skills and talent to provide the most creative and productive responses. domain-relevant skills and expertise intrinsic task motivation extrinsic environmental components creativity-relevant processes
A. domain-relevant skills and expertise
53. Jermaine works in the graphics section of his company. His boss asks him to come up with a new product logo. If he is a brand expert, he will draw on his knowledge and experience of certain brands to come up with creative responses that accurately represent the product. If he is not familiar with brand knowledge, then it will take longer to generate creative suggestions. This is an example of ______. A. domain-relevant skills and expertise B. intrinsic task motivation C. extrinsic environmental components D. creativity-relevant processes
A. domain-relevant skills and expertise
69. Which term below means flexible working hours whereby an employee can customize his or her own work hours within limits established by management? flextime compressed workweek job sharing telecommuting
A. flextime
70. An example of which nontraditional work schedule allows an employee to choose to work a 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. shift rather than the more traditional 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. workday? flextime compressed workweek job sharing telecommuting
A. flextime
80. Kayla is able to go into work at different times of the day and leave when she wants. Her employer is okay with this as long as she completes a number of required hours each week. Kayla is working what type of nontraditional work schedule? flextime compressed workweek job sharing telecommuting
A. flextime
51. Which stage of group development is spent getting to know each other and trying to understand where one fits within the team structure? forming storming norming adjourning
A. forming
61. Once he successfully completed the group project, the committee to review the company's finances disbanded, and everyone returned to their original units. The finance committee is in which stage of group development? forming storming norming adjourning
A. forming
49. Which of the following is accurate regarding the order of the stages of group formation according to Tuckman's model? forming, storming, norming, performing forming, norming, storming, performing forming, performing, norming, storming storming, forming, norming, performing
A. forming, storming, norming, performing
77. Alexis has a talent that allows her to work at a few different companies at once. She is hired by each organization to perform a project or task. Once in a while, her projects are similar in nature and she is able to get paid almost double for the same work. Alexis is working as a ______. free agent flextime worker part-time worker telecommuter
A. free agent
16. Annette contemplates enacting stricter sanctions and punishments for violations of safety standards at The Burger Joint. Alternatively, she considers implementing a reward system, such as bonuses or vacation time for low injury rates. Annette has accomplished which step of the decision-making model? generate multiple alternatives identify and weigh decision criteria choose, implement, and evaluate the best alternative rate alternatives on the basis of decision criteria
A. generate multiple alternatives
71. A psychological phenomenon in which people in a cohesive group go along with the group consensus rather than offer their own opinions is called ______. groupthink group ineffectiveness social loafing brainstorming
A. groupthink
39. Members of a surgical team must carefully coordinate their tasks so that the procedure occurs in the right order. Which of the following best describes members of surgical teams? high degree of interdependence high degree of attraction low degree of attraction low degree of interdependence
A. high degree of interdependence
56. Taylor is excited and a little tentative about the new plan for improvement that her boss just explained. She thinks that she can really make a difference in her company, but worries that she might not be able to meet the sales goal that has been set. Taylor is feeling which factors associated with psychological empowerment? high impact and low competence high self-determination and low meaningfulness both high self-determination and competence low impact and high competence
A. high impact and low competence
15. Margo has decided that in order to reduce the burns in the kitchen at the restaurant she manages, her solution must increase employee focus on safety and reward employees for choosing safe options even when it makes them less productive. Annette has accomplished which step of the decision-making model? identify and weigh decision criteria define the problem choose, implement, and evaluate the best alternative rate alternatives on the basis of decision criteria
A. identify and weigh decision criteria
86. The final stage of the innovation process is ______. implementation and diffusion idea generation problem-solving brainstorming
A. implementation and diffusion
32. Effective teams in organizations are characterized by their ability to ______. improve quality, reach goals, and change processes improve quality, reach goals, and increase turnover improve satisfaction, reach goals, and change processes improve sustainability, reach goals, and change processes
A. improve quality, reach goals, and change processes
31. Numerous examples show that using self-managing teams is likely to ______. increase organizational productivity completely eliminate the need for managers increase employee turnover decrease profits
A. increase organizational productivity
12. Alice enjoys going to work. She is satisfied with her own capabilities to do her job effectively and efficiently. Her position gives her the feeling of control and satisfaction of knowing that she can do what it takes to get the job done. What type of motivation is influencing Alice? intrinsic motivation inherent motivation extraneous motivation extrinsic motivation
A. intrinsic motivation
9. Alistair thinks that he is a very successful web developer. He feels good about his contribution to his industry, but recognizes the pay is lousy. Alistair is ______ motivated intrinsically extraneously extrinsically inherently
A. intrinsically
93. Which element listed below is not a type of innovation in organizations explained in the textbook? investigational process exploitative organizational structure
A. investigational
39. Which concept is defined as a method of job design that increases the range of tasks and duties associated with a job in order to make it more challenging and varied? job enlargement job rotation job design job enrichment
A. job enlargement
59. Which psychological empowerment belief is defined as the value of work tasks in line with a person's own self-concepts and ideals? meaningfulness self-determination competence impact
A. meaningfulness
63. Emily is passionate about environmental causes, and loves that her role at Disney allows her to find ways to reduce waste. Over time she has started to apply the same practices at home that she is using at work. Emily is experiencing psychological empowerment associated with ______. meaningfulness self-determination competence impact
A. meaningfulness
6. Which element of intrinsic motivation is explained as the feeling of satisfaction and control we get from making efforts that do not rely on any external influences? need for self-determination need for accomplishment need for competence need for self-achievement
A. need for self-determination
76. Each member is asked the same question in relation to a work issue and requested to write as many answers as possible. Answers are read aloud and recorded for discussion. Then, the ideas are put to the vote. No criticism or judgment of any ideas is allowed. This describes which type of team decision-making? nominal group technique Delphi technique intuitive technique rational decision-making technique
A. nominal group technique
9. Lillian is researching two different restaurant point-of-sale systems. She is starting a new café and hopes to have the program installed by the end of the month. It has taken her a few weeks to gather the information needed so that she can make the best decision. Lillian is making what type of decision? nonprogrammed executive strategy programmed
A. nonprogrammed
6. In ______ decisions, employees will not find the answer they are looking for in the company handbook or policy guidelines. nonprogrammed decisions executive decisions strategy decisions programmed decisions
A. nonprogrammed decisions
109. When confronted with the possibility that news could be delivered online, some newspaper managers attracted readers through creative ways of presenting the news electronically, while maintaining their traditional paper editions. As a result, those newspapers remained successful. In contrast, newspaper managers who perceived the delivery of news online as a threat, and thus tried to fight against its implementation, lost readers. This is an example of ______. organizational cultural lag innovation sparcity idea extinction net losses
A. organizational cultural lag
66. Which term below is defined as independent workers who supply organizations with part-time talent for projects that need to be completed within a certain amount of time? part-time workers job sharers free agents telecommuters
A. part-time workers
76. Which element below is explained by the extent to which employees perceive that they are valued and cared for by the organization, as delivered by middle managers? perceived organizational support divine administration organizational appreciation sense of support for the organization
A. perceived organizational support
31. Marty and Biff both work for the same company producing the same teacups. Because they get paid a certain amount for each teacup they produce, and because Biff produces more teacups than Marty, Biff makes more money than Marty. This scenario is an example of a ______. piece rate plan profit sharing plan merit pay plan gainsharing plan
A. piece rate plan
83. Which step of the innovation process involves identifying any advantages and disadvantages associated with the innovation, exploring costs and value, and setting goals and priorities? problem-solving implementation and diffusion brainstorming idea generation
A. problem-solving
85. Tom, Susie and, Bill are tired of working for a large company. They want to start their own business. After 2 days of meeting in Tom's Garage, Tom, Susie, and Bill finally came up with a societal problem and a way to solve it. They decide to meet again to determine the advantages and disadvantages of their product idea and the costs associated with producing it. This meeting is an example of what stage in the innovation process? problem-solving implementation and diffusion brainstorming idea generation
A. problem-solving
63. Jennette handles customer complaints at a small stationary company, and noticed that customers tended to complain about just a few products. Jennette e-mailed her manager a proposal requesting customer support software to help them track the issues, and they got a free trial of the software. After a few months, the system did not seem to be saving her time, and her manager said this would be too expensive. Jennette decided to abandon the software, and use a spreadsheet to track customer complaints instead. By finding a new solution, Jennette demonstrated which ability? productive forgetting product innovation cognitive dissonance extrinsic motivation
A. productive forgetting
29. Which term below is one of the types of team and organization performance-based pay plans? profit sharing bonuses merit pay piece rate
A. profit sharing
2. Which type of decisions are automatic responses to routine and recurring situations? programmed decisions majority rule decisions executive decisions nonprogrammed decisions
A. programmed decisions
3. Which of the following types of decision-making takes place in situations that have occurred in the past and are familiar to the people dealing with them? programmed decisions strategy decisions executive decisions nonprogrammed decisions
A. programmed decisions
63. The ______ suggests that when teams first come together, they tend to perform at a low level for a period of time that is more or less equal to half the time until the deadline or due date. . punctuated equilibrium model stages of group development decentralization model expectancy theory
A. punctuated equilibrium model
45. Hina works in a hospital as a nurse. She works closely with Dr. Higdon and a physician's assistant named Bryan. They work together to take care of their patients as quickly and accurately as possible. Hina's team works as which level of interdependence? reciprocal sequential affiliated pooled
A. reciprocal
44. What type of interdependence happens when team members work closely together on a piece of work, consulting with each other, providing each other with advice, and exchanging information? reciprocal interdependence sequential interdependence affiliated interdependence pooled interdependence
A. reciprocal interdependence
34. Team ______ are important for effective teams because they equip the team members with the tools to successfully perform their roles. resources tasks systems interdependencies
A. resources
37. Which theory is defined as the analysis of workflow through systematic observation of the tasks to be performed? scientific management need for self-determination job design management systematic management
A. scientific management
8. What item below is not an example of extrinsic rewards? self-praise salary paid vacations bonuses
A. self-praise
21. Which extrinsic reward can be a useful way to motivate employees while providing them with an opportunity to showcase their new skills and competencies? .skill-based pay job content-based pay performance-based pay seniority-based pay
A. skill-based pay
22. One negative aspect of ______ is that employees may max out their skill levels, which means they cannot receive any additional pay increases unless they change jobs. skill-based pay job content-based pay performance-based pay seniority-based pay
A. skill-based pay
13. What term below is not an example of intrinsic motivation? social reinforcement feeling of accomplishment sense of purpose self-praise
A. social reinforcement
68. Jayden works on the assembly line for a local label soda company. He has been swapping ideas with his coworkers to make the job more efficient. He thinks he has developed a quicker less laborious method, but his supervisor acts insulted when Jayden brings up the idea, and tells Jayden to stop wasting his efforts by creating extra work for them. Jayden's workplace lacks ______ for creativity. supervisory support work group support coordinated support organizational support
A. supervisory support
71. While assessing Vicky, Skyler notices that Vicky encourages ideas and feedback, appears to have real respect for her group, and experiences disappointment when the team's ideas to improve the organization are not supported by upper management. Skyler is going to give high marks for Vicky's ability to lead because she is promoting ______ for creativity in organizations. supervisory support work group support coordinated support organizational support
A. supervisory support
37. Which term below can be structured or unstructured, complex or simple, and characterized by more or less interdependence among the members? tasks interdependencies resources systems
A. tasks
47. The higher the score for each of the characteristics of the job characteristics model, ______. the more positive are employees' psychological states and outcomes the more feedback is needed to accomplish a task the more job characteristics are needed to accomplish the tasks the more negative are the employees' psychological states and outcomes
A. the more positive are employees' psychological states and outcomes
73. Philip is asking himself a few questions about his department. He realizes that the department communicates well and they help each other out when needed. They like and respect each other. They are committed to their work and their backgrounds seem to be diverse enough to provide a range of different perspectives. Philip sees that his department ranks high on which support for creativity? work group organizational coordinated supervisory
A. work group
14. Good teams within organizations can consist of how many people? 2 5 11 53
B. 5
19. ______ is the idea that we are restricted by a variety of constraints when it comes to making decisions. Essential rationality Bounded rationality Complete rationality Instrumental rationality
B. Bounded rationality
Chapter 8 1. ______ is the action or process of identifying a strategy to resolve problems. Problem-solving Decision-making Nonprogrammed decision-making Programmed decision-making
B. Decision-making
79. Questionnaires are sent to a select group of experts, whose responses are collated and reviewed, and then a summary is returned to the group with a follow-up questionnaire. Again, the experts provide their answers. The process continues until the group agrees on a common answer and a decision is reached. This describes the process of which type of team decision-making? rational decision-making technique Delphi technique nominal group technique brainstorming
B. Delphi technique
105. ______ focuses on risk-taking, radical thinking, and experimentation. People innovation Exploratory innovation Exploitative innovation Process innovation
B. Exploratory innovation
60. ______, when used in the right way, could actually support intrinsic or inner motivation. Social motivation Extrinsic motivation Fear motivation Achievement motivation
B. Extrinsic motivation
46. Scientific management was primarily developed by ______. Douglas McGregor Frederick Taylor Warren Buffett Hackman and Oldham
B. Frederick Taylor
41. ______ is the creation and development of a new product or service. Creativity Innovation Framing Vision
B. Innovation
36. ______ is a method of setting forth the duties and responsibilities of a job with the intention of improving productivity and performance. Job purpose Job design Job enlargement Job rotation
B. Job design
65. ______ are the informal rules of behavior that govern the team. Standards Norms Cohesions Guidelines
B. Norms
57. ______ allows one to abandon a solution that isn't working in favor of a new one. Discontinued capacity Productive forgetting Emotional intelligence Cognitive dissonance
B. Productive forgetting
42. Isaac is a single dad. He joined a new company because they would allow him to work around his son's school schedule. This is important to him because he can also schedule his job around his son's sports games. Which dimension of the job characteristics model would this scenario of Isaac's new company exemplify? task significance autonomy task identity feedback
B. autonomy
73. Which element below is defined as generating creative, spontaneous ideas from all members of a group without making any initial criticism or judgment of them? group effectiveness brainstorming social facilitation groupthink
B. brainstorming
77. Johnson needs to solve a problem with the fulfillment department. She states the problem to her team and asks that people yell out solutions. She wants people to just think on the spot without any initial criticism or judgment of the ideas. Once she has a good number of ideas on the board, she goes back to discuss some of the good solutions. Johnson has used which type of team decision approach? group effectiveness brainstorming social facilitation groupthink
B. brainstorming
71. Which nontraditional work schedule gives employees the benefit of an extra day off by allowing them to work their usual number of hours in fewer days per pay period? flextime compressed workweek job sharing telecommuting
B. compressed workweek
72. An employee might work four 10-hr days each week and then enjoy a 3-day weekend, or work 80 hr in 9 days with an extra day off every other week. This is an example of ______. flextime compressed workweek job sharing telecommuting
B. compressed workweek
78. The study conducted by Chongxin Yu and Stephen J. Frenkel of the University of New South Wales suggests that factors that engage intrinsic motivation will be more likely to result in ______ than extrinsic motivational factors. employee turnover creative behaviors employee commitment creative behaviors
B. creative behaviors
64. People with ______ tend to possess the skills and capacity to generate ideas. emotional intelligence creative potential cognitive dissonance practiced creativity
B. creative potential
61. Ruth is tired of performing the same task over and over again. She decided to spend some time trying to find a work-around to her boring problem by creating a macro or automated function using Keyboard Maestro. This will get the job done for her quickly and help her creative juices to flow. This is an example of which component of creativity? incentive creative thinking skills motivation expertise
B. creative thinking skills
43. Which element below is explained as increasing the scope of a job to make it more complex, stimulating, and satisfying for employees? job purpose job enrichment job enlargement job rotation
B. job enrichment
50. Hans plans to make his employees' positions more complex by increasing their responsibilities, which in turn will increase their authority to accomplish their own tasks. He hopes that if he takes the time to enrich their positions, then they will be more satisfied with their jobs. Hans plans to use which job design tactic to increase motivation? job purpose job enrichment job enlargement job rotation
B. job enrichment
14. Which element below is defined as the feeling of motivation and control we get from making efforts that do not rely on any external influences? need for purposefulness need for self-determination need for resolve need for capability
B. need for self-determination
75. What type of team decision-making technique is a structured way for team members to generate ideas and identify solutions? problem-solving technique nominal group technique intuitive technique Delphi technique
B. nominal group technique
108. To avoid ______, organizations need to continuously focus on their existing products and processes at the same time as they are investigating new innovations. innovation sparcity organizational cultural lag net losses idea extinction
B. organizational cultural lag
28. An individual-level performance-based pay where people are rewarded for the quantity of goods they produce regardless of how long it has taken them is called ______. merit pay piece rate bonus benefit
B. piece rate
94. Many grocers have moved to an online order option in order to compete against major e-commerce sites, like Amazon. For example, some grocers allow customers to order groceries online, then the groceries are delivered the same-day with no delay. This is an example of what type of innovation? . operational process people product
B. process
12. A well-run team is usually ______. inflexible productive disgruntled dysfunctional
B. productive
33. Margo has just opened a new clothing store. She can't afford to pay much over minimum wage at this point, but she plans to distribute a portion of her earnings to employees once she has paid off her start-up costs. Margo plans on using which kind of extrinsic reward? merit pay profit sharing bonus pay gainsharing
B. profit sharing
35. Which term below consist of the equipment, materials, training, information, staffing, and budgets the organization supplies to support the team's goals? tasks resources systems interdependence
B. resources
24. What type of decision is useful for less important decisions and should never be used for important decisions? heuristics satisficing persuasive intuition
B. satisficing
91. Identifying advantages and disadvantages related to the idea is the ______ step in the innovation process? first second third fourth
B. second
55. Which of the factors associated with psychological empowerment is the understanding of skills, knowledge, and strengths that enable a person to make choices and initiate work tasks? meaningfulness self-determination competence impact
B. self-determination
61. Which of the factors of psychological empowerment is associated with having a higher level of autonomy and control over decision-making? meaningfulness self-determination competence impact
B. self-determination
19. A ______ is a group of workers who manage their own daily duties under little to no supervision. cross-functional team self-managing team problem-solving team virtual team
B. self-managing team
20. Which type of team expects members to make decisions without consulting higher management? cross-functional team self-managing team problem-solving team virtual team
B. self-managing team
43. Maxim's only job at the motor company is to install the piston into the piston rings and lightly oil them before moving the engine along to the camshaft installer. Maxim's position in the motor company is considered which level of interdependence? reciprocal sequential affiliated pooled
B. sequential
42. What type of interdependence takes place when one team member completes a piece of work and passes it on to the next member for his or her input, as on an assembly line? reciprocal interdependence sequential interdependence affiliated interdependence pooled interdependence
B. sequential interdependence
53. In the ______ stage of group development, tensions may arise between members and different personalities might clash, leading to conflict within the team. adjourning storming norming forming
B. storming
54. Charlotte and Chloe are part of a sales team that work together to reach the sales goals by splitting up tasks. Both Chloe and Charlotte want to be seen as the team lead. As a result, they often embarrass themselves in front of potential clients. This team is in which stage of group development? A. forming B. storming C. norming D. adjourning
B. storming
70. As stated in the textbook, ______ who communicate, set clear goals, and are confident and protective of their teams tend to nurture a creative environment. work groups supervisors organizations coordinators
B. supervisors
41. Which element below is part of the job characteristics model? job simplification task significance authority merit pay
B. task significance
74. An organization having two or more individuals who routinely function like a team, are interdependent in achievement of a common goal, and operate as a cohesive unit would be considered which form of support for creativity? organizational work group supervisory coordinated
B. work group
50. Which of the following is true, according to Amabile's three-component model of creativity? Creativity is a personality trait. Creativity is based on luck. Creativity is based on intelligence. D. Creativity is a process.
C. Creativity is based on intelligence.
78. Which type of team decision-making is described as a method of decision-making in which information is gathered from a group of respondents within their area of expertise? nominal group technique intuitive technique Delphi technique rational decision-making technique
C. Delphi technique
67. Which of the following is an accurate conclusion from the recent study called Project Aristotle by Google? Dysfunctional teams typically failed because of member skill level. Teams that succeeded were made-up of people with higher than average IQs. Dysfunctional teams failed because of wrong norms. Having intelligent team members results in positive norms.
C. Dysfunctional teams failed because of wrong norms.
59. ______ involves engaging in a behavior in order to earn external rewards or to avoid punishment. Intrinsic motivation Achievement motivation Extrinsic motivation Productive motivation
C. Extrinsic motivation
23. ______ is a financial incentive awarded to employees for meeting certain goals or objectives. Skill-based pay Job content-based pay Performance-based pay Seniority-based pay
C. Performance-based pay
65. ______ is the ability to seize opportunities to apply creative skills in the workplace. Emotional intelligence Reversed innovation Practiced creativity Self-leadership
C. Practiced creativity
70. ______ is the tendency for individuals to perform tasks better when in the presence of others. Group effectiveness Social loafing Social facilitation Process gains
C. Social facilitation
36. ______ are the specific steps the team must perform to achieve its goals. Systems Interdependence Tasks Resources
C. Tasks
7. ______ consist of a number of people, usually between three and seven, who use their complementary skills to collaborate in a joint effort. Telecommuters Groups Teams Job sharers
C. Teams
11. Alejandro has a crew of five people. While his crew contains landscape architects, florists, and engineers, all collaborate to create beautiful landscapes. Alejandro manages ______. freelancers a group a team job sharers
C. a team
48. The original process of becoming a team, developed by psychologist Bruce Tuckman in 1965, included four stages. Which stage did Tuckman add later, resulting in five stages of team formation? forming norming adjourning performing
C. adjourning
32. Lorraine works for a company that does not pay very well. She relies heavily on extra paychecks that her company gives out a couple of times a year. Lorraine relies on what type of pay? merit profit sharing bonus pay gainsharing
C. bonus pay
78. Neither Ashley nor Daniel wanted a full-time position, yet both hoped to maintain significant roles in their organization. They decided to split what had once been a full-time position. Ashley works the morning shift while Daniel works the afternoon shift, and they hand off tasks to each other. Ashley and Daniel are working which type of nontraditional work schedule? flextime compressed workweek job sharing telecommuting
C. job sharing
15. Which element below is defined as the motivation we derive from stretching and exercising our capabilities? need for capability need for self-determination need for competence need for adequacy
C. need for competence
80. Adam needs to generate ideas to find a solution to his problem. He has decided to ask the same question to each of his department heads. Each department head needs to write down as many answers as possible. He then goes over the answers and takes some time to discuss the ideas without criticism. He then puts the ideas up to a vote. Adam has used which type of team decision approach? A. brainstorming B. Delphi technique C. nominal group technique D. problem-solving technique
C. nominal group technique
55. Which group development stage is described as the period in which team members resolve the conflict and begin to work well together and become more cohesive? adjourning storming norming performing
C. norming
56. Yuki has realized how to work with Jane. It was difficult at first because he did not understand her quiet nature. It was hard to get her to open up about her ideas and to work with him. Once he understood where she was coming from, they became more productive group members. Yuki's team is in which stage of group development? forming storming norming adjourning
C. norming
107. Which concept below can be defined as an effect that occurs when organizations fail to keep up with emerging innovations, putting themselves in danger of missing lucrative opportunities to capitalize on them? net losses innovation sparcity organizational cultural lag idea extinction
C. organizational cultural lag
67. Researchers have identified a range of environmental factors controlled by the organization that can either stimulate or stifle creativity. This statement relates to which type of support for creativity? supervisory support work group support organizational support coordinated support
C. organizational support
75. Millard works in a manufacturing company where he is rewarded for how quickly he can produce pistons. While some employees have ideas for how to make the process more creative, Millard recognizes that there is really no reward for speaking-up. In his experience, if the company is made more efficient, then he will be expected to produce more for the same reward as before. Millard's company lacks ______ for creativity. supervisory support work group support organizational support coordinated support
C. organizational support
102. Which type of innovation can be increased by using a variety of employee training methods? operational process people exploitative
C. people
84. The second step in the innovation process is ______. implementation and diffusion idea generation problem-solving brainstorming
C. problem-solving
21. ______ consists of a small group of workers who come together for a set amount of time to discuss and resolve specific issues. cross-functional team self-managing team problem-solving team virtual team
C. problem-solving team
27. Matteo has been asked to be part of a team whose duties include assessing why the distribution department has been taking a loss the past three quarters and trying to find a solution. Matteo has been asked to join a ______. cross-functional team self-managing team problem-solving team virtual team
C. problem-solving team
97. Which type of innovation in organizations is the introduction of new or improved operational and work methods? exploitative organizational structure process product
C. process
98. Narek and Milena have decided to donate 100 peanut butter and jelly sandwiches to feed the hungry. After only making 25 sandwiches the first hour, they decided to look at the way they were making the sandwich. Milena thought they should switch from each person completing an entire sandwich themselves to an assembly line. This proved to speed up the sandwich making. Which type of innovation does this scenario exemplify? product exploitative process exploratory
C. process
4. Which type of decisions are generally made by following company policies and guidelines that have been put in place to deal with specific issues? executive decisions strategy decisions programmed decisions nonprogrammed decisions
C. programmed decisions
96. According to the textbook, senior managers need to do which of the following in order to encourage innovation? set clear standard operating procedures set zero-tolerance policies for mistakes provide a forum for creative discussions closely connect rewards to productivity
C. provide a forum for creative discussions
51. The extent to which employees feel a sense of personal fulfillment and intent when carrying out tasks, along with a belief that their work contributes to some larger purpose is called ______. scientific management purpose psychological empowerment psychological authorization
C. psychological empowerment
64. ______ is the extent to which employees feel a sense of personal fulfillment associated with competence, self-determination, impact, and meaningfulness. A. scientific management B. purpose C. psychological empowerment D. psychological authorization
C. psychological empowerment
38. Billy is the star of his school's football team. He will not go out onto the field without his lucky sweatbands because he thinks that when he forgets his sweatbands, his team loses. Billy's decision to wear sweatbands is based on which error? framing uncertainty randomness lack of participation
C. randomness
38. Also known as "Taylorism," ______ focuses on how to make people more efficient at their jobs through training, monitoring, and detailed planning. job characteristics model systematic management scientific management quantitative analysis model
C. scientific management
48. After law school, Meredith decided to work for a small law firm where she would have the opportunity to practice in a variety of different areas. Meredith's decision is most relevant to which component of the job characteristics model? task significance autonomy skill variety feedback
C. skill variety
33. Which of the following is considered a team contextual influence? member abilities size task characteristics process facilitation
C. task characteristics
1. As stated in the textbook, which term is defined as a collection of people brought together to apply their individual skills to a common project or goal? flexible work schedule group team posse
C. team
80. Which element below is not one of the steps outlined in the textbook of the innovation process? problem-solving implementation and diffusion team-building idea generation
C. team-building
38. ______ is the extent to which team members rely on each other to complete their work tasks. Systems Tasks Resources Interdependence
D. Interdependence
26. ______ is the unconscious process of making decisions based on imagination and possibilities. Anchoring Satisficing Bias Intuition
D. Intuition
5. ______ respond to new or nonroutine problems for which there are no proven solutions. Executive decisions Strategy decisions Programmed decisions Nonprogrammed decisions
D. Nonprogrammed decisions
68. ______ are the degree to which certain factors contribute to team effectiveness. Social facilitations Process losses Synergies Process gains
D. Process gains
23. ______ aim for acceptable results rather than for the best or optimal solutions. Tactical decisions Strategic decisions Operational decisions Satisficing decisions
D. Satisficing decisions
17. ______ can be demotivating, since employees know they will get paid regardless of how they perform, which also encourages poor performers to stay in an organization much longer. Skill-based pay Job content-based pay Performance-based pay Seniority-based pay
D. Seniority-based pay
50. ______ is the interaction that makes the total amount of work produced by a team greater than the amount of work produced by individual members working independently. Process gains Cohesion Norming Synergy
D. Synergy
26. Gaia has decided to work from home. She just had a baby, and her employer offered for her to stay with her baby after maternity leave. She will be able to work closely with her colleagues via e-mail and videoconferencing. Gaia is working through a ______. cross-functional team self-managing team problem-solving team virtual team
D. virtual team
17. The defining characteristic of ______ is that members are in different locations and work together through e-mail, videoconferencing, instant messaging, and other electronic media. cross-functional teams self-managing teams problem-solving teams virtual teams
D. virtual teams
25. Which term below is one of the types of individual-level performance-based pay? merit pay employee stock ownership plan profit sharing gain sharing
a. merit pay
26. What is an individual-level performance-based pay that rewards performance by increasing the employee's salary on a long-term basis called? merit pay piece rate bonus benefit
a. merit pay
27. A pay plan that rewards employees for good performance in addition to their base salary is considered which type of individual-level performance-based pay? merit piece rate bonus benefit
c. bonus
3. What are the two main mechanisms of intrinsic motivation? need for accomplishment and need for self-ordain need for competence and need for resolve need for competence and need for self-determination need for self-achievement and need for accomplishment
c. need for competence and need for self-determination
48. Most companies rely on a dedicated team or individual to take care of their social media. Breaking apart this traditional way of working, Miles set out to create a platform to help businesses include their entire workforce in online campaigns. Working on the premise that anyone engaged with the business might have positive ideas about how to promote the company, the system enables management to set competitions and prizes to encourage everyone to suggest ideas for social media initiatives. As well as boosting employee motivation, Miles helps businesses to take full advantage of the ______ of their staff. originality creativity inventiveness vision
B. creativity
29. Which of the following was reported as the biggest challenge to overcome when working in a virtual team, according to a 2016 study by RW3 Culture Wizard? team member lack of skill cultural challenges differences in time zone failing technologies
B. cultural challenges
3. Which term below is defined as the distribution of power across all levels of the organization? flextime decentralization cross-functional teams centralization
B. decentralization
16. Organizations that consistently nurture teams tend to experience which of the following? increased turnover decreased absenteeism no effect over time decreased productivity
B. decreased absenteeism
60. Jessica works at a Golf Shop where she feels she can help people improve their game while also earning a profit. A new manager explained that she wants Jessica to focus less on giving golf tips and more on increasing sales of the most expensive items. As a result, Jessica is likely feeling which factors associated with psychological empowerment? decreased competence decreased impact increased meaningfulness increased self-determination
B. decreased impact
14. Annette has a goal of decreasing the number of burns associated with the kitchen at The Burger Joint. Which step in the decision-making model has Annette completed? identify and weigh decision criteria define the problem choose, implement, and evaluate the best alternative rate alternatives on the basis of decision criteria
B. define the problem
103. Which type of innovation focuses on the enhancement and reuse of existing products and processes? exploratory exploitative process product
B. exploitative
52. During the ______ period of group development, team members will be polite to each other and tend to avoid conflict. performing forming norming storming
B. forming
35. Which of the following terms is defined as the tendency to highlight certain aspects of a situation, either positive or negative, to solve a problem while ignoring other aspects? sunk cost bias framing error projection bias randomness error
B. framing error
68. A ______ is a type of free agent who can work for multiple employers, giving a limited amount of time to each. freeloader freelancer job sharer telecommuter
B. freelancer
10. Mateo has three people in his office; one sales representative, one person on branding, and a third on the administration associated with those tasks. Mateo has a ______ of employees. job sharers group team telecommuters
B. group
6. Which term below usually consists of three or more people who work independently to attain organizational goals? job sharing group team flextime
B. group
81. The first step in the innovation process is ______. implementation and diffusion idea generation problem-solving brainstorming
B. idea generation
88. In the ______ stage of the innovation process, a problem is identified from existing information, experience, and knowledge. implementation and diffusion idea generation problem-solving brainstorming
B. idea generation
92. The creation of the idea itself is the ______ step in the innovation process. implementation and diffusion idea generation problem-solving brainstorming
B. idea generation
87. Tom, Susie, and Bill are tired of working for a large company. They want to start their own business. After meeting many times, Tom, Susie, and Bill are now committed to their product idea, but they now need to meet to discuss if they will sell their product in physical stores, online, or both. This meeting is an example of what stage in the innovation process? idea generation implementation and diffusion selective refinement problem-solving
B. implementation and diffusion
23. According to a 2016 survey carried out by Global Workplace Analytics, the amount of people working regularly from home has ______ since 2005. increased by about 28% increased by 103% decreased by 103% decreased by 28%
B. increased by 103%
5. Which of the following is a result of organizational restructuring and downsizing? less collaboration increased decentralization less efficient organizational structures less productive organizational structures
B. increased decentralization
24. What are the two levels of performance-based pay? inter-level and intra-level individual-level and organization-level strategic-level and motivational-level micro-level and macro-level
B. individual-level and organization-level
42. Teresa came up with an idea for a new product. This is an example of ______. productive forgetting innovation supervisory support vision
B. innovation
1. What is it called when we perform tasks for our own innate satisfaction? determined intrinsic motivation competence meaningfulness
B. intrinsic motivation
18. The extrinsic reward that is based on an evaluation of a job's worth to the organization and its relationship to other jobs within the organization is called ______. skill-based pay job content-based pay performance-based pay seniority-based pay
B. job content-based pay
19. Which type of extrinsic reward can create a psychological distance across teams and hierarchies due to employees competing against each other and possibly exaggerating their duties to their managers and hoarding resources? skill-based pay job content-based pay performance-based pay seniority-based pay
B. job content-based pay
18. Annette spends some more time looking into the kitchen burns at The Burger Joint. She realizes that instead of focusing on the employee's motivations, she can look into the physical appliances themselves for safety concerns. She realizes that the installment of additional appliance safety features could be the answer that she is looking for. After a few months with the new appliance safety features installed, her kitchen injuries went down by 75%. Annette completed which step in the decision-making model? generate multiple alternatives identify and weigh decision criteria choose, implement, and evaluate the best alternative rate alternatives on the basis of decision criteria
C. choose, implement, and evaluate the best alternative
30. In order to solve problems quickly, it is best that problem-solving teams consist of members who are ______. from different generations virtually the same cognitively diverse equally representative of males and females
C. cognitively diverse
53. Which of the factors associated with psychological empowerment is a person's belief in his or her ability to perform work tasks successfully? meaningfulness self-determination competence impact
C. competence
52. The beliefs associated with psychological empowerment are ______. meaningfulness, self-determination, impact, and influence self-determination, competence, impact, and influence competence, self-determination, impact, and meaningfulness competence, meaningfulness, impact, and influence
C. competence, self-determination, impact, and meaningfulness
39. Which term below is defined as the generation of meaningful ideas by individuals or teams? innovation vision creativity framing
C. creativity
55. Personality traits, such as self-discipline, perseverance, delayed gratification, and independence, are associated with which component of creativity? domain-relevant skills and expertise intrinsic task motivation creativity-relevant processes extrinsic environmental components
C. creativity-relevant processes
12. What is the first step of the five-step model of decision-making? weigh decision criteria problem emergence define the problem generate alternatives
C. define the problem
104. Chris is the CEO of Chris's Finest Soda. Chris's only product for the past 5 years has been Mountain True Soda. Over the past year, however, Mountain True sales have stalled for the first time. Chris decides to add a cherry flavoring to the Mountain True Soda and is calling the soda Cherry Mountain True. This be an example of what type of innovation? people exploratory exploitative process
C. exploitative
5. Peter is the manager at Fit Fries. He rewards employees with bonuses when they reach their sales goals. Peter is using which types of motivation? inherent intrinsic extrinsic self-determination
C. extrinsic
11. What is the name of the decision-making model used in the textbook? the seven-step decision model decisions made easy five-step model of decision-making decisions, decisions, which one?
C. five-step model of decision-making
67. According to a survey by FlexJobs of almost 3,000 people, 82% of millennials rated ______ as one of the most important factors in a job. benefits salary flexible work options part-time work
C. flexible work options
65. Independent workers who supply organizations with short-term talent for projects that need to be completed within a certain amount of time are called ______ . part-time workers job sharers free agents telecommuters
C. free agents
72. A major disadvantage to team decision-making is when team members are more concerned with preserving harmony in the group than with risking opinions that may cause conflict or offense. This is called ______. group effectiveness social facilitation groupthink brainstorming
C. groupthink
74. An accreditation team is under pressure to make certain that everything is reported for the upcoming review. Some information is missing, and one group member suggests that they fill in the blank space with their best guess at the data, rather than delay the review. No one disagrees. The accreditation team is falling into what psychological phenomenon? group effectiveness social facilitation groupthink brainstorming
C. groupthink
58. Michael just graduated from college with a business degree. He is ready to conquer the world. His confidence in his ability is high and he feels that he has acquired many tools to work through business-related problems during his time in school. Michael is feeling which factors associated with psychological empowerment? high meaningfulness and impact high competence and low impact high competence and self-determination low meaningfulness and high self-determination
C. high competence and self-determination
89. The second step in the innovation process includes ______. idea generation problem development identifying advantages and disadvantages related to the idea producing and distributing the new product or idea
C. identifying advantages and disadvantages related to the idea
47. A grocery chain provided a unique way to experience the supermarket by adding an iPad to shopping carts. When users placed common products in their cart, the display showed potential meal ideas with the other items on the shelves next to them. This increased sales by 20%. This is an example of which concept stated in the textbook? vision framing innovation bias
C. innovation
27. Some research suggests that ______ often represents information we are already holding at an unconscious level, and thus it may actually lead to effective decisions. anchoring satisficing intuition bias
C. intuition
74. Which type of nontraditional worker can hand over their work to the next person when their part of the shift ends and the next begins? flextimers full-timers job sharers telecommuters
C. job sharers
73. Which nontraditional work schedule divides one full-time job among two or more people who work predetermined hours? flextime compressed workweek job sharing telecommuting
C. job sharing
18. Organizations value which team model because it saves on travel costs by eliminating in-person meetings and allows for greater sharing of information between employees from different countries? cross-functional team self-managing team problem-solving team virtual team
D. virtual team
9. Systems Inc. went through a downsizing process. The company decentralized its distribution of power to its employees while creating teams. Each of the departments was left with a range of 7-15 people who worked collectively to create new ideas. In the end, management found the new approach caused more headaches than benefits. The teams were not productive. What was the likely cause of the lack of productivity? Systems Inc. should have kept power centralized. Systems Inc. had too many teams. Systems Inc. had too many groups. Systems Inc. had too many people in their teams.
D. Systems Inc. had too many people in their teams.
34. Quentin wants to reward his employees while also raising equity in his small business. By doing this, he will be able to keep control of the business until the time comes to hand over the reins to his eligible employees. Quentin has decided to start ______. merit pay system profit sharing gainsharing an employee stock ownership plan
D. an employee stock ownership plan
28. Jack knows that his company is unable to provide employees with a holiday bonus. As the company gives a holiday bonus every year, he is certain his employees will be disappointed. Several weeks before he needs to tell employees about the bonus, he starts a rumor that the company is considering layoffs. Thus, when the employees hear that there is not a bonus, they are relieved, as this is better than layoffs. Which commonly used heuristic is Jack utilizing? availability projection representativeness anchoring and adjustment
D. anchoring and adjustment
32. Which heuristics lead us to base decisions on the first piece of information given without taking other probabilities into account? availability confirmation representativeness anchoring and adjustment
D. anchoring and adjustment
34. Which heuristic is defined as a shortcut that bases a decision on our existing mental prototype and similar stereotypes? availability confirmation representativeness anchoring and adjustment
D. anchoring and adjustment
33. Anchoring and adjustment heuristics can lead us to ______, which is the tendency to over-rely on initial information while overlooking other important criteria. availability bias projection heuristics confirmation heuristics anchoring bias
D. anchoring bias
47. Which accurately represents the three interrelated processes included in the ASA model? attraction-solution-attrition attrition-solution-apathy attraction-selection-apathy attraction-selection-attrition
D. attraction-selection-attrition
24. Olivia is working with a small group of five coworkers put together by their CEO, Ben. They have been instructed to take care of an inequality in their manufacturing plant. Olivia and her team have the authority to make decisions by themselves without the approval of Ben. Olivia is working in ______. a virtual team and a problem-solving team a cross-functional team both a self-managing team and a virtual team both a self-managing team and a problem-solving team
D. both a self-managing team and a problem-solving team
2. Some organizations take collaboration so seriously that they are changing the traditional office layout and replacing cubicles with low walls or no walls between desks. Many are creating small, informal areas designed to encourage spontaneous discussion and problem-solving. This is an example of which concept? job sharing collaborative groups flextime collaborative teams
D. collaborative teams
21. Bounded rationality is in contrast with ______. advanced rationality essential rationality instrumental rationality complete rationality
D. complete rationality
66. Which element below is not one of the main types of support for creativity, which have an influence on whether and how creativity flourishes in an organization? supervisory support work group support organizational support coordinated support
D. coordinated support
44. Most successful organizations, whether in media, fashion, architecture, medicine, or engineering, are emphasizing ______ in order to stay competitive. It is not just technology companies that have embraced this business model. innovation and vision vision and prescient prescient and creativity creativity and innovation
D. creativity and innovation
46. The textbook states that one of the reasons why Apple, Facebook, and Google are so successful is because their business models are largely based on promoting ______. innovation and vision vision and prescient prescient and creativity creativity and innovation
D. creativity and innovation
54. According to Amabile, one component needed for creativity is ______, or work methods dependent on certain personality characteristics, methods of thinking, and knowledge of heuristics. domain-relevant skills and expertise intrinsic task motivation extrinsic environmental components creativity-relevant processes
D. creativity-relevant processes
56. People with ______ can suspend judgment, adopt viewpoints different from those of others, persist in overcoming obstacles, and ignore social approval. domain-relevant skills and expertise intrinsic task motivation extrinsic environmental components creativity-relevant processes
D. creativity-relevant processes
77. As stated in the thinking critically about organizational support and creativity section of the textbook, middle managers can strengthen the extent to which employees perceive that they are valued and cared for by the organization, by strengthening which two factors below? employee's identification with their work unit and their identification with the organization's mission employee's expectation of career success and employee's buy in with the organizations vision emotional intelligence and cognitive aptitude employees' identification with their work unit and their expectations of career success
D. employees' identification with their work unit and their expectations of career success
106. To be successful, ______ has to be supported by a management team that advocates the freedom of radical thinking. organizational structure innovation process innovation exploitative innovation exploratory innovation
D. exploratory innovation
10. Which term below involves showing the employee he or she is valued through financial rewards? intrinsic motivation inherent rewards extraneous motivation extrinsic rewards
D. extrinsic rewards
7. Which term below is defined as external awards to employees? intrinsic rewards inherent rewards extraneous rewards extrinsic rewards
D. extrinsic rewards
79. The study conducted by Chongxin Yu and Stephen J. Frenkel of the University of New South Wales suggested that managers should engage in supportive behaviors that encourage employees to feel connected to their peers and to anticipate the possibility of a successful career path in the organization in order to ______. inspire more social behaviors in the workplace facilitate more top-down leadership in the workplace foster less autocratic leadership in the workplace facilitate more creativity in the workplace
D. facilitate more creativity in the workplace
44. Change It Pharmaceuticals is lacking in employee motivation. Devon, the CEO believes that his staff just needs a little push by giving them an understanding of the importance of each of their positions to the company while allowing them to also see each of their own direct impact. Each position, from product development to sales, plays a crucial role in Change It Pharmaceuticals. Devon feels that giving timely information regarding their job performance and letting them know the importance of their roles to the company will improve work performance. Devon has focused on which two characteristics of the job characteristic model? skill variety and ask identity feedback and autonomy task identity and feedback feedback and task significance
D. feedback and task significance
30. Mitchell, a small business owner, wants to motivate his employees while also cutting down the high cost of office supplies. He believes that most correspondence, reports, and sales receipts can be e-mailed. Therefore, he has decided to share the benefits of cost savings with his staff as long as they play their part in helping to cut office supply use. Which type of performance-based pay is this scenario an example? A. profit sharing plan B. piece rate C. employee stock ownership plan D. gainsharing plan
D. gainsharing plan
64. Soneybucks has created a taskforce to write a new employee manual. The taskforce was given a deadline 6 weeks after the time they were introduced to the project. They are now 4 weeks into the project. According to the punctuated equilibrium model, the taskforce is likely to ____. still be performing at a low level performing at a level that has been consistent throughout the duration of the taskforce have already completed their project have already transitioned to a higher performance level
D. have already transitioned to a higher performance level
13. The effectiveness of work teams depends on ______. the adaptability of the organization the employees' loyalty the item that they produce how well they are managed and treated within the organization
D. how well they are managed and treated within the organization
82. Tom, Susie, and Bill are tired of working for a large company. They want to start their own business. They decide to meet in Tom's garage for as long as it takes to determine a societal problem that needs to be fixed. Once they figure out this problem they want to figure out a product or service that will solve this problem. According to the innovative process described in your text, this scenario describes which stage in the innovation process? problem-solving implementation and diffusion brainstorming idea generation
D. idea generation
57. Which psychological empowerment belief is defined as the feeling of making a difference? meaningfulness self-determination competence impact
D. impact
62. If someone feels empowered enough to see that his or her actions can make a real difference in an organization, they are feeling which psychological empowerment belief? meaningfulness self-determination competence impact
D. impact
62. Henry's very controlling boss at the advertising agency, Molly, gave a list of steps for completing the developing a logo. Henry enjoys his job very much and feels that he can contribute exciting new ideas. Even though Henry was told what steps to take to complete the process, he was still motivated ______. extrinsically fundamentally inherently intrinsically
D. intrinsically
2. Giselle is happy with her job at the firm. She works hard during the week and accomplishes her tasks on time. She spends her time on the weekend volunteering with her philanthropy group. The philanthropy group does not have anything to do with the firm. She just enjoys working on projects for less fortunate people. Giselle is ______. extrinsically motivated extraneously motivated inherently motivated intrinsically motivated
D. intrinsically motivated
40. Which concept below is a process of periodically moving employees from one job to another? job purpose job enrichment job enlargement job rotation
D. job rotation
45. Jenny is noticing that her staff at the clothing consignment shop seem to be a little demotivated. Initially she thinks that she needs to pay her employees more money, but then realizes that she just does not have the funds to do so. With a little prying, she determines that her employees are just bored with their positions. She decides to change up the schedule. Whoever worked the front counter one day will switch to consignment the next day. Also, the people out on the floor will switch with the dressing room attendants. Jenny has implemented which job design motivational tactic? job purpose job design job enlargement job rotation
D. job rotation
36. Mr. Weinstein is in the midst of changing his front line teams' process. He gathers a group of his managers to decide on the direction to take the front line. Mr. Weinstein did not invite any of his employees who actually work on the front line to the meeting. Which biases or errors likely effected Mr. Weinstein's decision? framing error confirmation bias randomness error D. lack of participation error
D. lack of participation error
4. Which element of intrinsic motivation is the satisfaction we gain by stretching and exercising our capabilities? need for self-determination need for achievement need for accomplishment need for competence
D. need for competence
7. Very often, ______ decisions will be complex in nature with few past occurrences for employees to draw on. executive strategy programmed nonprogrammed
D. nonprogrammed
79. Austin writes programs for a living. He is happy with his company specifically because they allow him to work from anywhere where there is Internet access, including at home, in a coffee shop, or on vacation. This scenario is an example of ______. flextime compressed workweek job sharing telecommuting
D. telecommuting
100. Joe was the CEO of Joe's bait and tackle in Baton Rouge, LA. Joe started the company years ago and he arranged it so that all the employees in his company had to get his approval whenever a customer asked for a refund. This often resulted in unhappy customers because Joe was not always available when a customer came by the store to return an item. One of Joe's employees, Tyrone, suggested to Joe that employees be allowed to return a customer's money if the sale was less than 20 dollars. Given that most sales returns were less than 20 dollars, this would satisfy most customers and save Joe time. This scenario is an example of what type of innovation? product exploitative people organizational structure
D. organizational structure
57. The group development stage that is described as a period in which the team becomes invested in achieving its goals and operates as a unit is called ______. . adjourning . storming . norming . performing
D. performing
58. When a team reaches the ______ stage of group development, there tends to be high loyalty and trust between members? adjourning storming norming performing
D. performing
62. After several months of training, the Air Force Special Operations team has developed high loyalty and trust, and there are clear patterns of communications among the members. The Special Operations team is in which stage of group development? forming storming norming performing
D. performing
40. What type of interdependence occurs when each team member produces a piece of work independently of the others? reciprocal interdependence sequential interdependence affiliated interdependence pooled interdependence
D. pooled interdependence
41. Shira works for a cosmetics company. She manages her store in New York City. She enjoys her job because although she is in charge of her store, she has backup from corporate offices in Los Angeles. Their support is helpful because she does not need to worry about advertising or big picture items. She can focus on running the day-to-day activities of her own store. Shira's level of interdependence with her corporate office is considered ______. reciprocal interdependence sequential interdependence affiliated interdependence pooled interdependence
D. pooled interdependence
90. The third step in the innovation process includes ______. idea generation problem development identifying advantages and disadvantages related to the idea producing and distributing the new product or idea
D. producing and distributing the new product or idea
10. Christopher is running late for school. As he has done every day since school started, he grabbed a banana for breakfast. Christopher has made an/a ______ decision. nonprogrammed executive strategy programmed
D. programmed
8. Fiona works in customer relations for a national mail order catalogue. She spends the day solving problems for customers. It is very rare that she ever runs across a situation that she has not solved in her past. Almost everything she has dealt with is listed in her employee manual. What type of decisions does she spend her day making? nonprogrammed decisions executive decisions strategy decisions programmed decisions
D. programmed decisions
15. A study conducted by researchers at Google found that the most important component of an effective team was ______. flexibility access to technology collaborative work spaces psychological safety
D. psychological safety
37. Which of the following terms is defined as the tendency for people to believe they can predict the outcome of chance events based on false information or superstition? lack of participation error framing error projection bias randomness error
D. randomness error
13. Which step of the five-step model of decision-making includes studying the positives and negatives of a list of possible solutions to a problem? generate multiple alternatives identify and weigh decision criteria choose, implement, and evaluate the best alternative rate alternatives on the basis of decision criteria
D. rate alternatives on the basis of decision criteria
17. Annette spends time weighing these two possible solutions against each other and finds they rate poorly to solve the problem of kitchen injuries. For example, sanctions and punishments could be viewed negatively and as a threat, and employees might fail to report injuries for fear of punishment. Similarly, while the reward system might be viewed more positively, Annette is also concerned that since rewards would be contingent on achieving a lower number of reported injuries, there is less incentive to report incidents that should be legally reported. Annette has accomplished which step of the decision-making model? generate multiple alternatives identify and weigh decision criteria choose, implement, and evaluate the best alternative rate alternatives on the basis of decision criteria
D. rate alternatives on the basis of decision criteria
25. Justin purchased a soda because it looked good. He did not take the time to research all the different sodas on the market. If he does not like it, he will not lose much money. Which of the following factors best explain the way Justin made the decision to buy the soda? complete rationality strategic thinking anchoring satisficing
D. satisficing
16. Guaranteed wages and salary increases based on the amount of time the employee has spent with the organization are called ______. skill-based pay job content-based pay performance-based pay seniority-based pay
D. seniority-based pay
49. Kamal works in a restaurant as a runner. Most nights he is busy, but on slow evenings, he finds himself bored and disengaged. As a result his manager suggests he add extra tasks to his role, like collecting glasses from tables or serving as sous chef for the night. This relates to which dimension of the job characteristics model? feedback task significance task identity skill variety
D. skill variety
72. A good role model for employees would be considered which form of support for creativity? work group organizational coordinated supervisory
D. supervisory
75. Which nontraditional work schedule means working from home or from a remote location on a computer or other advanced system linked to the main office? flextime compressed workweek job sharing telecommuting
D. telecommuting
76. Which nontraditional work schedule gives workers greater flexibility in terms of working hours and location? flextime compressed workweek job sharing telecommuting
D. telecommuting
52. According to Professor Amabile, an increase in knowledge leads to higher levels of ______. originality creativity inventiveness vision
b. creativity
22. Luca and Emma were shopping for their first house. They both felt a little overwhelmed with this task. Emma decided to make a list of the most important features they wanted in a home, narrowing their options to a list of two bedroom homes in the downtown area that include outdoor space. Luca and Emma used ______ rationality to make the decision. bounded satisfactory complete representative
bounded