Organizational Behavior - Chapter 11

According to the Leadership Grid, the ideal management style is:

9,9.

A scientist who worked on the Ohio State leadership studies would be most likely to agree with which of the following?

A leader can exhibit both job-centered and employee-centered behavior.

A scientist who worked on the Michigan leadership studies would be most likely to agree with which of the following?

A leader can exhibit either job-centered or employee-centered behavior, but not both.

Which of the following statements presents an accurate relationship between leadership and management?

A manager may or may not be a leader, and a leader may or may not be a manager.

When developing a human network for achieving an agenda, which of the following would be an element of leadership?

Aligning people

Which two types of leadership behavior did the Ohio State leadership studies identify?

Consideration and initiating-structure

According to Vroom, which decision style involves obtaining suggestions from the group before making a decision?

Consult

According to Vroom, which decision style involves presenting a problem to the group, defining its boundaries, and hosting a discussion to help group members make the decision?

Consult

According to Vroom, which decision style involves "selling" your employees on a decision?

Decide

According to Vroom, which of the five decision styles requires the least input from the manager?

Decide

According to Vroom, which decision style involves letting the group define the problem and devise a solution?

Delegate

Which two types of leadership behavior did the Michigan leadership studies identify?

Employee-centered and job-centered

Each of the following explains why research into leadership as a trait was ultimately abandoned EXCEPT:

Energizing people to overcome major barriers by satisfying basic human needs

When executing plans, which of the following would be an element of leadership?

Energizing people to overcome major barriers by satisfying basic human needs

When establishing an agenda, which of the following would be an element of leadership?

Establishing a direction

When developing a human network for achieving an agenda, which of the following would be an element of management?

Establishing some structure for accomplishing plan requirements

When establishing an agenda, which of the following would be an element of management?

Establishing timetables

Regarding outcomes, which of the following would be an element of leadership?

Finding new approaches to labor relations

Vroom's decision tree approach features two separate trees. _____ is the deciding factor that determines which tree a manager should use in a given situation.

Group cohesion

_____ leaders tend to be more concerned with interpersonal relations, whereas _____ leaders are more concerned with task-relevant problems.

High-LPC; low-LPC

_____ is the ability to noncoercively affect the beliefs and behaviors of others.

Influence

If you are "high LPC," you are most likely to describe your least preferred coworker using which adjectives?

Interesting, harmonious, pleasant

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between path-goal theory and LPC theory?

LPC theory holds that a leader's behavior is static, whereas path-goal theory believes that a leader can change her leadership style.

Which of the following is most crucial to an organization for creating and directing change?

Leadership

Which of the following is most helpful to an organization going through hard times?

Leadership

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the Leadership Grid and either the Michigan or the Ohio State leadership studies?

Like the Ohio State leadership studies, the Leadership Grid posits that two types of leadership behavior are independent dimensions.

Which of the following is most helpful to an organization during times of stability and predictability?

Management

Which of the following theories of leadership received the most support from subsequent research?

Path-goal theory

Which type of behavior would Fiedler most likely recommend to a leader in a situation with poor leader-member relations, high task structure, and high leader position power?

Person-oriented behavior

When executing plans, which of the following would be an element of management?

Planning and organizing to solve problems

Regarding outcomes, which of the following would be an element of management?

Producing results expected by various stakeholders

_____ models of leadership assume that appropriate leader behavior varies depending on the circumstances.

Situational

Tannenbaum and Schmidt's proposed continuum of leadership behavior has what relationship to the Michigan or Ohio State leadership studies?

Tannenbaum and Schmidt's continuum uses the leadership behaviors identified in the Michigan studies as its extremes and inserts five intermediary levels of leadership.

LPC theory assesses leaders according to which of the following characteristics?

Task motivation and relationship motivation

Which type of behavior would Fiedler most likely recommend to a leader in a situation with good leader-member relations, high task structure, and low leader position power?

Task-oriented behavior

Which type of behavior would Fiedler most likely recommend to a leader in a situation with poor leader-member relations, low task structure, and high leader position power?

Task-oriented behavior

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Michigan and Ohio State leadership studies?

The Michigan studies believed that the two types of leader behavior were mutually exclusive, whereas the Ohio State studies did not.

In Tannenbaum and Schmidt's proposed continuum of leadership behavior, which of the following leadership behaviors is closest to one of the model's extremes?

The manager "sells" the decision.

Which of the following provides the most accurate assessment of early research into leadership as a trait?

The research was almost completely worthless.

What is the most impactful situational factor in both of Vroom's decision trees?

The significance of the decision

Evaluate the following statement: According to the LPC theory, leadership effectiveness depends on the match between the leader's personality and the personality of the subordinate.

The statement is inaccurate because subordinate personalities don't factor into LPC theory.

Prior to the behavioral approach to leadership, most research focused on which other approach to leadership?

Trait

Path-goal theory identifies four kinds of leadership behavior. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Transformative

Whose theoretical approach to leadership focuses exclusively on the degree to which a manager's employees should be involved in making decisions?

Vroom

According to path-goal theory, a(n) _____ leader sets challenging goals, expects subordinates to perform at their highest level, and shows strong confidence that subordinates will put forth effort and accomplish the goals.

achievement-oriented

To be successful, an organization needs:

both management and leadership.

Molly tells Darren to sweep the floors. Darren refuses. Molly tells Darren that if he doesn't sweep the floors, he'll be fired. Darren sweeps the floors. In this example, Molly did not exhibit leadership because her actions were:

coercive.

According to the Ohio State studies, a leader who is concerned with the subordinates' feelings and respects subordinates' ideas exhibits _____ leader behavior.

consideration

When team competence is a relevant factor in Vroom's development-driven decision tree, a high or low team competence usually makes the difference between _____, respectively.

delegating or facilitating

According to path-goal theory, a(n) _____ leader lets subordinates know what is expected of them, gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks, schedules work to be done, and maintains definitive standards of performance for subordinates.

directive

According to the Leadership Grid, a management style of 9,1 entails:

efficiency in operations resulting from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to a minimum degree.

According to the Michigan studies, a leader who believes that high performance is to be achieved by paying attention to the human aspects of the group exhibits _____ leader behavior.

employee-centered

The U.S. Senate Democratic Hispanic Task Force report found that women are _____ on Fortune 500 boards and executive teams.

extremely underrepresented

When team competence is a relevant factor in Vroom's time-driven decision tree, a high or low team competence usually makes the difference between _____, respectively.

facilitating or consulting

Annika, a call center manager, makes sure that her employees follow strict procedures when carrying out their duties. At the same time, Annika's door is always open, and she pays close consideration to her employees' complaints and suggestions about the work. According to the Ohio State leadership studies, Annika exhibits:

high consideration behavior and high initiating-structure behavior.

Uma, a manager, cares about her subordinates' feelings and provides them a great deal of autonomy in setting their own goals and carrying out tasks. According to the Ohio State leadership studies, Uma exhibits:

high consideration behavior and low initiating-structure behavior.

Lex, a manager, rules his office with an iron fist. His employees do not like him, but they're too scared to ever not do anything he says. According to the Michigan leadership studies, Lex exhibits:

high job-centered behavior and low employee-centered behavior.

According to the Ohio State studies, a leader who clearly defines the leader-subordinate roles so that subordinates know what is expected of them exhibits _____ leader behavior.

initiating-structure

According to the Leadership Grid, a management style of 9,9 entails:

interdependence through a "common stake" in organization purpose, leading to relationships of trust and respect.

According to the Michigan studies, a leader whose primary concern is completion of the task exhibits _____ leader behavior.

job-centered

According to LPC theory, the most important factor affecting the favorableness of a situation is _____.

leader position power

According to Vroom, which decision style involves presenting a problem to the group, defining its boundaries, and hosting a discussion to help group members make the decision?

leader-member relations

Lex, a manager, rules his office with an iron fist. His employees do not like him, but they're too scared to ever not do anything he says. According to the Ohio State leadership studies, Lex exhibits:

low consideration behavior and high initiating-structure behavior.

Kurt, a disenchanted art store manager, couldn't care less what his employees do. He often leaves the store for long stretches at a time to smoke or to practice with his avant-garde drum circle. According to the Ohio State leadership studies, Kurt exhibits:

low consideration behavior and low initiating-structure behavior.

Uma, a manager, cares about her subordinates' feelings and provides them a great deal of autonomy in setting their own goals and carrying out tasks. According to the Michigan leadership studies, Uma exhibits:

low job-centered behavior and high employee-centered behavior.

A manager who relies solely on force and formal authority to direct the behavior of subordinates is:

not exercising leadership at all.

According to path-goal theory, a(n) _____ leader consults with subordinates about issues and takes their suggestions into account before making a decision.

participative

The Leadership Grid measures a leader's concern for:

people and production.

As a _____, leadership is the use of noncoercive influence to direct and coordinate the activities of group members to meet a goal.

process

Behavioral approaches to leadership studied leadership as a:

process

Leadership is both a property and a:

process.

As a _____, leadership is the set of characteristics attributed to those who are perceived to use such influence successfully.

property

According to path-goal theory, a(n) _____ leader is friendly and shows concern for subordinates' status, well-being, and needs.

supportive

According to the Leadership Grid, a management style of 1,1 entails:

the exertion of minimum effort to get required work done.

According to the Leadership Grid, a management style of 1,9 entails:

thoughtful attention to the needs of people for satisfying relationships, leading to a comfortable, friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo.