Organizational Behavior Exam 2 (Chpt 11-16)

According to the Leadership Grid, a manager who is not concerned about production but exhibits high concern for people would be a ____ manager on the grid. Correct!

1,9

Southwest Airlines has __________ conflict culture.

A collaborative

Which of the following fits the profile of an entrepreneur?

A desire to assume responsibility

In the leader-member exchange model (LMX), each superior-subordinate pair is referred to as

A vertical Dyad

How has path-goal theory been refined over the years?

Additional forms of leader behavior were included.

An _________ is a physical manifestation of an organization's culture.

Artifact

Evading open discussion of the conflict issue is most common within __________ conflict cultures.

Avoidant

Which political tactic entails befriending powerful people or starting small subgroups to promote specific aims?

Building Coalitions

Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than with management?

Building Trust

When individuals or groups throughout the hierarchy are not given an opportunity to participate in decision making, authority is

Centralized

According to Vroom, a manager who presents a program to group members individually, obtains their suggestions, and then makes the decisions is using a _______ style of subordinate participation

Consult (Individually)

When a firm uses _________, products are created on machines, and employees monitor those machines and implement changes.

Continuous Production

Which political tactic entails strategically restricting who has access to what data?

Controlling Information

If a business strategy and corporate culture are in conflict the __________ will win, regardless of the strength and effectiveness of the strategy.

Culture

An innovation business strategy would best support firms with which type of organizational structure?

Decentralization

The main advantage of division of labor is that it promotes

Efficient Use of Labor

Which term refers to sharing power with employees and giving them the authority to make and implement at least some decisions?

Empowerment

__________ leadership refers to the demonstration of morally upright conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers.

Ethical

Path-goal theory is derived from the same principles found in the ________ theory of motivation.

Expectancy

According to Vroom, a manager who presents a problem to a group at a meeting, defines the problem and its boundaries, and then facilitates group member discussion as members make the decision is using a _________ style of subordinate participation.

Facilitate

Authority cannot be delegated to others.

False

Businesses should strive to determine an optimal organizational size. You Answered

False

Employees are socialized into organizations through observation alone.

False

Female leaders tend to be more nurturing and supportive than male leaders.

False

High self-monitors tend to present consistent images of themselves regardless of the situation.

False

Innovation and organization culture are not generally related.

False

Most leadership research has been conducted on samples or case studies involving members of minority groups.

False

Most organizational problems can be fixed with restructuring. You Answered

False

Organizational culture is independent of organizational performance.

False

Reward power is limited to material rewards such as pay or work assignments.

False

Scientific research of leadership first began in the late sixteenth century, so existing literature is comprehensive and there are very few unanswered questions that remain about the nature of effective leadership.

False

Span of control is the degree to which rules and procedures shape employees' jobs and activities.

False

Strategic leadership may be seen as an extension of the transactional leadership role.

False

The terms manager and leader refer to exactly the same thing and can be used interchangeably

False

When an organization's enacted values contradict its espoused values, new employees adopt the espoused values.

False

Herb Kelleher, Mary Kay Ash, and Steve Jobs are examples of transactional leaders.

False, They are charismatic leaders

Charismatic leadership may create which of the following ethical concerns?

Followers engage in inappropriate behaviors because of blind faith in the leader.

Which type of multinational organizational structure works best when both global integration and local responsiveness are needed?

Global transnational division structure

Situations with implicit plans and goals and a malleable reward structure require a __________ degree of leadership.

High

Which political tactic entails the use of "spin doctors" to project a desirable image?

Image Building

Which term refers to the process of portraying a desired image or attitude to control the impression others form of us?

Impression Management

____________ refers to going along in order to get ahead.

Inaction

An organization's culture of __________ reflects the extent to which majority members value efforts to increase minority representation, and whether the qualifications and abilities of minority members are questioned.

Inclusion

__________ innovation continues the technical improvement and extends the applications of radical and systems innovations.

Incremental

__________ is the ability to affect the perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, motivation, and/or behaviors of others.

Influence

Which influence tactic entails appealing to someone's aspirations, values, and ideals to gain her commitment or increasing people's confidence that they can do something in order to increase motivation?

Inspirational Appeals

Because workgroups develop their own subcultures, __________ can be used to build a common cultural foundation.

Intranets

Which of the following describes the concept of empowerment?

It is the process of sharing power and giving others the authority to make decisions.

Which of the following is considered to be a failure of the behavioral approach to studying leadership?

It tried to specify a set of leader behaviors that would be effective in all situations.

According to the LPC theory, what factor the third most important element when determining the favorableness of a workplace situation?

Leader Position Power

According to the LPC theory, which factor reflects both the extent to which subordinates trust, respect, and have confidence in their leader, and that in turn, leaders equally trust, respect, and have confidence in the employees they manage?

Leader-Member Relations

What term refers to factors that make leadership impossible?

Leadership Neutralizers

The structure of small organizations tends to be _________ than the structure found in large organizations.

Less Bureaucratic

A union contract that prohibits a supervisor from giving workers incentives for higher performance is an example of a leadership

Neutralizer

Individual characteristics that may render leader behavior unnecessary include all of the following EXCEPT

Norms

_________ organizations are flexible and decentralized, have open communication channels, and focus on adaptability in helping employees accomplish their goals.

Organic

__________ is a system of shared values, norms, and assumptions that guides organization members' attitudes and behaviors.

Organizational Culture

According to the LMX model, the leader's _________ receives less of the supervisor's time and attention, is more likely to be assigned mundane tasks, is not be "in the loop" when information is shared, and receives fewer rewards and overall weaker support from the leader.

Out-Group

Which response to influence entails rejecting the influence attempt but not getting in the way of what the influencer is trying to do?

Passive Resistance

The desire to control, influence, or be responsible for others is called a need for

Power

Which influence tactic entails using coercion or persistent follow-up or reminders to gain influence?

Pressure

__________ innovation is a major breakthrough that changes or creates whole industries.

Radical

__________ power exists when subordinates behave as the manager does and wants because they seek his or her approval.

Referent

In a ____________, a headquarters is established in major geographical areas that work collaboratively with the product divisions to give the local units clearer operational goals and directions.

Regional headquarters structure

Offering incentives that are desirable to workers is an example of how to effectively use __________ power.

Reward

Which leadership style of the Hersey and Blanchard model entails offering direction and role definition accompanied by explanation and information?

Selling

__________ is the process through which children learn to become adults in a society.

Socialization

Research suggests that organization culture is understood and communicated through the use of

Stories & Symbols

According to the path-goal theory, a leader who is friendly and shows concern for subordinates' status and needs is exhibiting ____ leadership.

Supportive

Which of the following is NOT true about communities of practice?

They must be recognized by executive leadership.

What type of leadership is focused on recognizing the need for change, creating a vision to guide that change, and executing the change effectively? Correct!

Transformational Leadership

According to the LPC Scale, relationship motivation closely parallels employee-centered leader behavior

True

Communities of practice are not an official part of organizational structure, but they can make money for the organization.

True

Many techniques can be used in the practice of political behavior in organizations.

True

Myths may be part of an organization's culture.

True

Path-Goal Theory assumes that leaders can change their behaviors and exhibit a variety of leadership styles

True

People generally use political behavior to promote or protect their self-interests.

True

Reducing uncertainty is one way of reducing political behavior in an organization.

True

The leader-member exchange model (LMX) of leadership stresses the importance of the relationships between supervisors and subordinates. Correct!

True

The path-goal theory of leadership states that effective leaders clarify both paths and goals for subordinates, because employees' job performance depends on their perceptions of their own abilities, the degree to which they believe they can impact outcomes, and the level of value they place on those outcomes.

True

Halo runs a tattoo parlor. Customers often make requests for unique words, phrases, or images to be inked permanently into their skin. This is an example of

Unit Production

When a firm uses _________, typically small batches or one-of-a-kind custom products are produced.

Unit Production

According to the LPC theory, a situation that has high position power, low task structure, and poor leader-member relations is

Very Unfavorable

Which concept explores how managers lead through various distance technologies?

Virtual Leadership

In complex societies, the socialization process takes many

Years

Researchers at Ohio State investigating the issue of stability of leader behaviors over time found that

an individual's leadership pattern did not change much in similar situations.

In the wake of recent corporate scandals, the behaviors of top leaders

are being scrutinized more closely than ever.

Leaders should adjust their use of power

based on the people the leaders are trying to influence

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, leaders are likely to improve subordinates' performance by Correct!

clarifying what behaviors will lead to desired rewards.

As a coach, the organizational leader would perform all of the following as formal functions of the coaching role EXCEPT

gain an understanding of the values of their young workers.

Vroom developed two different decision trees, one tree to be used when the manager is primarily interested in making a timely decision and the other tree when the manager seeks to

help subordinates enhance decision-making skills.

Intrapreneurship

is entrepreneurial activity that takes place within the organization.

A guideline for using legitimate power is

making requests politely but confidently.

According to the LPC Theory, a situation that has high position power, high task structure, and poor leader-member relations is

moderately favorable

Compared to wider spans of control, narrow spans of control are _________ and provide more supervision.

more costly

All of the following statements are true about innovation EXCEPT

only small organizations can truly be innovative.

A large organization's legal department is staffed solely with lawyers. This illustrates

prebureaucratic structure.

Smaller organizations with low standardization, total centralization, and mostly one-on-one communication have a

prebureaucratic structure.

Organizations that have an organic structure typically

require their members to be committed to the organization's tasks.

Task characteristics that may substitute for leader behavior include all of the following EXCEPT

tediousness.