organizational behavior management (power)

what is political behavior

activities that are not required as a part of ones formal role in the organization but that influences the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization Outside of one's specified job requirements. Encompasses efforts to influence decision making goals, criteria, or processes. Includes such behaviors as withholding key information from decision makers, whistle blowing, spreading rumors, and leaking confidential information.

sexual harassment

any unwanted activity of a sexual nature that affects an individual employment and creates a hostile work enviroment Surveys indicate between 25 and 40 percent of individuals report being sexually harassed. Sexual harassment is more likely to occur when there are large power differentials. The supervisor-employee dyad best characterizes an unequal power relationship, where formal power gives the supervisor the capacity to reward and coerce.

what is personal appeals

asking for compliance based on friendship or loyalty

what is reward power

based on a persons ability to control the allocation of rewards valued by others

what is referent power

based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits

what is legitimate power

based on positions in the formal hierachy

what are implications for managers

If you want to get things done in a group or an organization, it helps to have power. As a manager who wants to maximize your power, you will want to increase others' dependence on you. You will not be alone in attempting to build your power bases. Try to avoid putting others in a position where they feel they have no power. By assessing behavior in a political framework, you can better predict the actions of others and use that information to formulate political strategies that will gain advantages for you and your work unit. Employees who have poor political skills or are unwilling to play the politics game generally relate perceived organizational politics to lower job satisfaction and self-reported performance, increased anxiety, and higher turnover. Help your employees understand the importance of becoming politically savvy.

what are some ways manager can protect themselves and their employees from sexual harassment

Make sure an active policy defines what constitutes sexual harassment, informs employees they can be fired for sexually harassing another employee, and establishes procedures for how complaints can be made. Reassure employees that they will not encounter retaliation if they issue a complaint. Investigate every complaint and include the legal and human resource departments. Make sure offenders are disciplined or terminated. Set up in-house seminars to raise employee awareness of the issues surrounding sexual harassment

does power corrupt ?

Power leads people to place their own interests ahead of others. Powerful people react, especially negatively, to any threats to their competence. Power leads to overconfident decision making. Those most likely to abuse power are those who are low in status and gain power

Power or Influence Tactics

Some tactics are more effective than others. Rational persuasion, inspirational appeals, and consultation are most effective when the audience is highly interested in the outcomes. Pressure tends to backfire. Both ingratiation and legitimacy can lessen the negative reactions from appearing to "dictate" outcomes.

what creates dependency

dependence increases when the resources you control is important , scarce, and nonsubstitutional the more importance that b places on the alternatives that A controls scarcity of the resources controlled by A

what is coercive power

depends on fear of negative results

what is personal power

derives from individual sources

what is formal power

derives from organizational sources

what is inspirational appeals

developing emotional commitment by appealing to tagret values needs hope and aspirations

what is coalitions

enlisting the aid or support of others to persuade the target to agree

what are the bases of power

formal power(coercive power,reward power,legitimate power) personal power(expert power, referent power)

what is consultation

increasing the target supports by involving him or her in deciding how you will accomplish your plan

what is expert power

is influence wielded as a result of expertise special skills or knowledge

what are the four power tactics

legitimacy rational persuasion inspirational appeals consulation

which bases of power are most effective

personal power Both expert and referent power are positively related to employees' satisfaction with supervision, their organizational commitment, and their performance. Reward and legitimate power seem to be unrelated to these outcomes. Coercive power usually backfires.

what is rational persuasion

presenting logical arguments and factual evidence to demonstrate a request is reasonable

what are the different types of lateral iinfluences

rational persuasion consultation ingratiating exchange legitimacy personal appeals coalitions

what are the different types of downward influence

rational persuasion inspirational appeals pressure consultation ingratiating exchange legitimacy

power

refers to a capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so that B acts in accordance with A's wishes Power may exist but not be used; therefore, power is a capacity or potential. A dependence relationship is vital. The greater B's dependence on A, the greater is A's power in the relationship. Dependence, then, is inversely proportional to the alternative sources of supply.

what is legitimacy

relying on your authority position or saying a request accords with organizational policies or rules

what is exchange

rewarding the target with benefits or favor in exchange for following a request

how do people in individualistic countries see power

see power in personalized terms and as a legitimate means of advancing their personal ends

how do people in collectivist countries see power

sees power in social terms as a legitmate means of helping others E.g., a study comparing managers in the United States and China found that U.S. managers prefer rational appeal, whereas Chinese managers preferred coalition tactics. Research has also shown that individuals in individualistic cultures tend to engage in more self-enhancement behaviors (such as self-promotion) than individuals in more collectivistic cultures.

Nonsubstitutablity

the more that a resource has no viable subtitutes the more power that control over that resource provides

what type of influence is rational persuasion

upward influence, downward and lateral

what is ingratiating

using flatter praise or friendly behavior prior to making a request

what is pressure

using warnings repeated demands and threats