Organizational Behavior Midterm

With funding from her family, Sarine is currently developing a new line of dolls for her business, which she hopes will take her company to the next level. At first, she encountered some minor problems with the construction of the dolls and spent a fair amount of money engineering a way to enable them to be as she envisioned them to be. Unfortunately, she then found out that there was a patent protecting the way the dolls arms were connected, so she spent more money redesigning the dolls. After an unexpectedly uninterested response from the public in the dolls, she decided that they needed to be marketed differently in order to sell. With this in mind, Sarine allocated more resources to marketing, had the packaging of the dolls redesigned, and created a new set of advertising materials. The cost of manufacturing these dolls has now exceeded the initial proposed cost by four times, but she is determined to make it work. She is embarrassed by how this has gone but continues to put on a brave front. What could Sarine have done differently in order to avoid this escalation of commitment with her decisions? Select one: a. Ensure that the people who evaluate the decisions are the people who originally made them. b. Privately establish a preset level at which the decision is abandoned or reevaluated. c. Find a source of systematic and clear marketing. d. Involve several people in the evaluation of the decision. e. Obtain funding from other sources instead of her family.

Involve several people in the evaluation of the decision.

According to _______________ theory, the drives to acquire, bond, and learn are proactive. Select one: a. the four-drive b. the learned needs c. the needs hierarchy d. the individual differences e. contingency anchor

the four-drive

One worry about using most personality tests to select job applicants is that applicants might fake their answers because Select one: a. people are naturally dishonest when seeking employment. b. they are self-reported scales. c. no one truly understands themselves. d. the scales are inaccurate. e. personality instruments are discriminatory.

they are self-reported scales.

Which of the following is true about a global mindset? Select one: a. A global mindset occurs as people initially develop more of a local than a global frame of reference about their business. b. A global mindset minimizes the capacity to empathize and act effectively across cultures. c. A global mindset includes the ability to process complex information about familiar environments. d. A global mindset does not include the ability to comprehend and reconcile intracultural matters. e. A global mindset includes an awareness of, openness to, and respect for other views and practices in the world.

A global mindset includes an awareness of, openness to, and respect for other views and practices in the world.

_____ is the mostly unconscious process of organizing people and objects into preconceived categories that are stored in our long-term memory. Select one: a. Mental model b. Social identification c. Categorical thinking d. Personal identification e. Reinforcement theory

Categorical thinking

_____ is the uncomfortable tension felt when our behavior and attitudes are inconsistent with each other. Select one: a. Cognitive distance b. Emotional intelligence c. Cognitive justification d. Cognitive dissonance e. Neglect

Cognitive dissonance

_______ is influencing oneself to establish the self-direction and self-motivation needed to perform a task. Select one: a. Self-reinforcement b. Self-talk c. Self-leadership d. Self-influence e. Self-steering

Self-leadership

_____ are knowledge structures mutually held by team members about expectations and ideals of the collective task and team dynamics. Select one: a. Team identities b. Coordinating routines c. Team mental models d. Roles e. Interpersonal relations

Team mental models

How do norms affect the behavior of team members? Select one: a. They encourage members to try new behaviors not previously sanctioned by the team. b. They encourage the members to think out of the box and provide innovative solutions. c. They help the team regulate and guide the behaviors of its members. d. They help the team move from the forming to storming stages of team development. e. They enable team members to have complete autonomy in their functioning.

They help the team regulate and guide the behaviors of its members.

According to expectancy theory, an outcome that opposes our values has Select one: a. a high E-to-P expectancy. b. an inappropriate comparison other. c. a negative outcome valence. d. a low P-to-O expectancy. e. a low need for socialized power.

a negative outcome valence.

The core elements of Organizational Behavior Modification are depicted by the A-B-C model, in which A, B, and C stand for Select one: a. attitude, bearing, conviction. b. antecedents, behavior, consequences. c. action, because, conformity. d. able, baker, charlie. e. step one, step two, step three.

antecedents, behavior, consequences

Employees, suppliers, and governments Select one: a. are organizational stakeholders. b. are rarely considered in organizational behavior theories. c. represent the three levels of analysis in organizational behavior. d. are excluded from the open systems anchor. e. are independent units in an organizational set up.

are organizational stakeholders.

Janet works on a team of 15 people working in research and development for a toymaker. They have weekly meetings to discuss new toy ideas. Occasionally Janet will have a good idea that she wishes to discuss, but it takes so long for all of her other teammates to finish talking that she will often just not bother to bring it up. Occasionally, there are arguments about which new project should have the most resources devoted to it, but Janet finds her coworkers always maintain respect for each other and work out a solution. What type of meetings is Janet participating in? Select one: a. brainstorming b. cross-functional c. nominal d. constructive e. innovation

brainstorming

People who have high moral sensitivity Select one: a. can more quickly and accurately estimate the moral intensity of the issue. b. tend to have lower levels of empathy. c. are always more ethical than people with a moderate or low level of ethical sensitivity. d. are individualistic and achievement oriented. e. cannot estimate the moral intensity of an issue.

can more quickly and accurately estimate the moral intensity of the issue.

Organizations maintain a good environmental fit in all of the following ways except Select one: a. adapting to the environment. b. influencing the environment. c. moving to a more favorable environment. d. designing products and work processes. e. acclimating to the environment.

designing products and work processes.

Self-awareness is the lowest level of Select one: a. emotional intelligence. b. emotional labor. c. emotional dissonance. d. continuance commitment. e. affective commitment.

emotional intelligence.

Which of the following is a concept that is represented by four dimensions: self-determination, meaning, competence, and impact of the individual's role in the organization? Select one: a. specialization b. job enlargement c. empowerment d. task significance e. job rotation

empowerment

John and Jose are both employees at a shoe manufacturing plant. Recently, they went out after work together to discuss their feelings toward a new supervisor who has been causing them stress. John mentioned that he had put in for a transfer to another shift in order to deal with his issues. Jose confessed to John that he decided he still likes other aspects of his position, regardless of his problems with the supervisor, so he would just wait around to see if the situation would resolve itself. According to the EVLN model, John is responding to his dissatisfaction in which way? Select one: a. exit b. voice c. loyalty d. neglect e. all of these

exit

Senior executives at CyberForm must make a decision that will affect many people, and the decision may produce good or bad consequences for those affected. This decision Select one: a. has a high degree of ethical sensitivity. b. is one in which decision makers should rely only on the utilitarianism rule of ethics. c. has a low degree of ethical sensitivity. d. has a high degree of moral intensity. e. should be taken with complete conscience.

has a high degree of moral intensity.

When people ______, they are motivated to confirm and maintain their existing self-concept. Select one: a. have self-efficacy b. have self-esteem c. have self-verification d. have self-enhancement e. are self-centering

have self-verification

According to the Johari Window, the _____ area is reduced through disclosure. Select one: a. open b. hidden c. blind d. value e. unknown

hidden

The Braided Bread company is struggling with how to break into the bagel market. They see this as an opportunity for growth, as it would not require any new machinery. The downside is that there is already a bagel shop in town. Braided Bread has selected a choice and now needs to Select one: a. choose the best decision process. b. develop additional possible choices. c. implement the selected choice. d. discover alternative choices. e. evaluate the selected choice.

implement the selected choice.

Identify the term that represents the motivation to engage in a particular behavior regarding the attitude object. Select one: a. feelings b. senses c. beliefs d. behaviors e. intentions

intentions

In order for something to be called an organization, Select one: a. it must have a building. b. it must have equipment. c. it must consist of people who work interdependently. d. it must have government documentation. e. it must make a product.

it must consist of people who work interdependently.

If emotions are experiences, then attitudes are Select one: a. events. b. actions. c. objects. d. judgments. e. values.

judgments.

Eastern University performs a daily computer search through newspaper articles to identify any articles about the university or its faculty members. University administrators use this information to receive feedback about how the public reacts to university activities. In knowledge management, searching for newspaper articles and other external writing about the organization is mainly a form of Select one: a. knowledge acquisition. b. grafting. c. organizational unlearning. d. knowledge sharing. e. documentation.

knowledge acquisition.

George is a manager for InnoBLAST Inc., a web-based applications company. In an attempt to promote new ideas, George decides to allow his engineering team to devote 15 percent of their work time to whatever projects they would like to work on and reduces their assigned workload. He then institutes a 30-minute period each morning where the team members are asked to look over their current project list for the day and develop more knowledge about a task before they move on to work on their assigned tasks. George decides to do a _____ before encouraging the team to develop their own ideas. Select one: a. task orientation b. groupthink c. learning orientation d. cross-pollination e. human rule test

learning orientation

People who define themselves by their work have _____, which explains their tendency to have lower absenteeism and turnover. Select one: a. low complexity b. high complexity c. self-esteem d. high clarity e. self-expansion

low complexity

Barney, a manager, is very conventional, resistant to change, habitual, and does not accept new ideas very easily. This implies that Barney has: Select one: a. low neuroticism. b. low customary thinking. c. high extraversion. d. high agreeableness. e. low openness to experience.

low openness to experience.

According to expectancy theory, a skill-development training program would Select one: a. have no effect on employee motivation. b. mainly increase the effort-to-performance expectancy. c. mainly increase the performance-to-outcome expectancy. d. mainly increase the valence of pay increases and other organizational outcomes. e. mainly alter the comparison other.

mainly increase the effort-to-performance expectancy.

The highest level of emotional intelligence is Select one: a. being aware of other people's emotions. b. self-management. c. organizational comprehension. d. self-awareness. e. managing other people's emotions.

managing other people's emotions.

Jessie and Paul have worked in the same office at DEF Insurance LLC for 6 years. Jessie has always taken extra care to follow the office norms and ensure that everyone has a happy and harmonious working experience. Paul has been very driven during his years at DEF Insurance, and though he started as an insurance agent, he has since been promoted to the agency manager and proudly displays all of his awards on the wall of his new office. According to learned needs theory, Jessie most likely has a high Select one: a. need for achievement. b. need for esteem. c. need for affiliation. d. need for comprehension. e. need for belongingness.

need for affiliation.

To learn about their progress toward goal accomplishment, employees usually prefer Select one: a. nonsocial feedback sources. b. multisource feedback. c. customer surveys. d. nonverbal communication. e. positive feedback.

nonsocial feedback sources.

The typical employee is _________ with the organization. Select one: a. very engaged b. not very engaged c. aligned d. disenfranchised e. challenged by

not very engaged

In Schwartz's Values Circumplex, the quadrant that includes hedonism, stimulation, and self-direction is called: Select one: a. openness to change. b. self-enhancement. c. conservation. d. self-transcendence. e. self-awareness.

openness to change.

DMI has several teams in their company. At any given time, the company may have teams starting and ending. Kimberly is on a team where everyone is being polite and deferring authority. Jose's team has just started to build consensus around the group's objectives. Victor's team has learned to efficiently coordinate and resolve conflicts. Sheena's team has just ended. Victor is on a team that is Select one: a. forming. b. storming. c. norming. d. performing. e. adjourning.

performing.

When applied to non-management employees, which of the following has a weak connection between the reward and individual effort? Select one: a. piece-rate pay b. commission c. profit-sharing bonus d. gainsharing plan e. job evaluation

profit-sharing bonus

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace. Bob is considering the idea of implementing telecommuting in Tricky Toys. Which of the following is an advantage of telecommuting? Select one: a. reduced employee stress b. larger markets c. greater demand for firm's products d. enhanced employee recognition e. ability to recognize the value of new information

reduced employee stress

Alvin, the production manager at the Paragon Company, wants to select the best supplier of raw materials from among several vendors. He has several choices and has done research into which company provides the best services and products. One company is known to be extremely timely, another is much lower in price but often late in deliveries, and the third is well-known to provide the highest quality products available. According to the rational decision-making process, Alvin should select the vendor that offers the most Select one: a. discounts. b. deliveries. c. satisfaction. d. expectancy. e. quality.

satisfaction.

Michael is a new manager for a high-powered company. He has inherited a unit that has low morale, poor performance, and high turnover. He needs to find a way to empower his employees. Based on the information below, identify which dimension he has chosen to employ. The first thing Michael did was stop the micromanagement of the employees' daily time, where they were e-mailing the entire team "here," "at lunch," "on break," etc. This is an example of Select one: a. meaning. b. self-determination. c. competence. d. impact. e. job rotation.

self-determination.

Some experts believe that _____ is a person's rating of his/her success at social inclusion. Select one: a. self-esteem b. self-efficacy c. self-verification d. self-centering e. self-concept

self-esteem

If John takes credit for work done on time, but blames his coworkers for his delays, his attitude is reflective of the Select one: a. fundamental attribution error. b. primacy effect. c. self-fulfilling prophecy. d. self-serving bias. e. projection bias.

self-serving bias.

Which of the following is the primary aspect of job enlargement? Select one: a. autonomy b. affiliation c. job feedback d. growth-need strength e. skill variety

skill variety

Intellectual capital refers to the Select one: a. total spending on training and development of employees. b. total number of employees in the organization. c. total cost of computers and other "intelligent" machines in the organization. d. stock of knowledge that resides in an organization. e. cost of hiring a typical employee.

stock of knowledge that resides in an organization.

The "Big Five" personality dimensions represent: Select one: a. all of the personality traits found in an ideal job applicant. b. the clusters representing most known personality traits. c. the personality traits caused by the environment rather than heredity. d. the necessary conditions for a person to have extraversion. e. the characteristics of employees with low levels of motivation.

the clusters representing most known personality traits.

Escalation of commitment can be minimized by ensuring that Select one: a. there are ready-made alternatives to resolve the problem. b. those who make the decision are different from those who implement and evaluate it. c. the team leader has strong opinions about the preferred options for a problem. d. organizational goals are relatively ambiguous. e. negative information is screened out to protect the self-esteem of the decision makers.

those who make the decision are different from those who implement and evaluate it.

Beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, are referred to as: Select one: a. organizational citizenship. b. values. c. collectivism. d. moral intensity. e. extraversion.

values.

In which of the following scenarios would stakeholders be more likely to believe the team's decision is fair? Select one: a. representation bringing different viewpoints to the decision b. on tasks requiring a high degree of cooperation c. in situations where the team must reach the performing stage of team development quickly d. when the team mirrors the surface or deep-level diversity of its constituents e. if the team is working on a project that involves routine tasks

when the team mirrors the surface or deep-level diversity of its constituents

Johnson Inc. has introduced job rotation to the line workers. Management is hoping that they will see less injuries and improved Select one: a. attention to detail. b. attendance. c. workforce flexibility. d. communication. e. attrition rates.

workforce flexibility.