Ornamental Plants
Aesthetic lawns originated in the late 18th century when Andre de Notre designed small lawn areas for the ______ outside Paris.
Palace de Versailles
Ikebana
flowering arranging in Japan developed into an art form that's an integral part of many aspects of the culture including the tea ceremony
What are stepping stones used for?
to control one's path, pacing & spiritual transition
What do curved bridges symbolize?
to remind one of the difficult path between this life & paradise
Shrubs
usually trimmed
Japanese Gardens
- adopted Chinese attitudes towards gardening but adapted them to their own climate, terrain, & native flora - their belief that all objects (water, stone, plants) are inhabited by spirits is reflected in their gardening
Egyptian Gardens
- concept of garden as an enclosed space, placing their houses within garden walls to keep out intruders & protect from desert winds
Xeriscape Gardens
- consist of plants native to arid & semiarid regions - low water requirement - lack lawns - use mulching materials to reduce evaporation, cool soil surface, & reduce weed growth
Tress & Shrubs
- constitute important structural features of ornamental plantings
Topiary
- creative pruning of plants into shapes - Roman invention
French Gardens
- developed own form of gardens in the 12th century consisting of planted beds - later produced elaborate formal gardens modeled after Italian gardens
Italian Gardens
- developed terraced gardens that were compatible with their hilly terrain
Oriental Gardens
- empahasize naturalism, reflecting a deep reverence for nature - designed for leisurely, contemplative strolls that represent life's journey
Name some examples of ground covers:
- english ivy - juniper - periwinkle
Roman Gardens
- excelled at gardening & became the most accomplished gardeners of the ancient world - for the first time, urban developers incorporated greenbelts into city designs
Chinese Gardens
- first to create true pleasure gardens - by 190 B.C they were constructing extensive parks & public gardens
American Gardens
- gardening did not develop until late 19th century
Bedding Plants
- grown in gardens for foliage & floral display
Wildscape
- landscaping provides habitat & shelter for wildlife
Houseplants
- most are native to tropical areas, in understory habitats so are shade-tolerant - adapted for low light, sm. soil volumes, variable humidity - most are grown for foliage
Turf
- nonforage grasses used in lawns
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
- one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world - built on banks of Euphrates River circa 600 B.C
Florist Crops
- personal & ceremonial use dates back to prehistoric times - world consumption grew quickly - main cut flowers produced are roses, lilies, & chrysanthemums
Ground Covers
- prostrate, dense-growing plants other than grasses - used in areas where low maintenance is requires
Western Gardens
- sun & limited water availability were major influences in design - creates a cool, shady oasis
English Gardens
- the wealthy began to maintain large, private gardens to display new plants (exotics from around the world) & animals - spread here from France in 1660
Bonsai
- train trees & shrubs to grow in very sm. conditions - plants are stunted in stature
Native Plant Landscaping
- uses plants adapted to grown in the area - require less maintenance, water, fertilizer - helps preserve native species
What are the 4 qualities (components on beauty) considered in ornamental plants?
1. color 2. texture 3. line 4. form
Name the 3 major groups of ornamentals:
1. florist crops 2. house plants 3. nursery crops
Name the 4 nursery crops discussed:
1. turf 2. ground covers 3. bedding plants 4. trees & shrubs
The maze was developed by the ___.
French
Grasses have intercalary ____.
meristems
What do gates symbolize?
passage from mundane world into richly symbolic world of the garden
______ accounts for 50% of bedding plant trade.
petunia X hybrid
What does water symbolize?
purification
Trees
structural features that provide shade