OSHA

what is an extension ladder

"portable ladders" usually have two sections that operate in brackets or guides allowing for adjustable lengths -because extension ladders are not self-supporting, they require a stable structure that can withstand the intended load

some of the things OSHA does to carry out its mission

- developing job safety and health standards and enforcing them through work-site inspections -providing training programs to increase knowledge about occupational safety and health

effects of electric current on the human body

-1 milliamp: faint tingle -5 mA: slight shock felt, not painful but disturbing -6-25mA: painful shock, loss of muscular control -9-30mA: the freezing current or the "let-go" range. individual cannot let go, but can be thrown away from the circuit if extensor muscles are simulated -50-150mA: extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contractions. death is possible -10,000 mA: cardiac arrest, severe burns, death is probable

Some Statistics about safety

-5,190 workers were killed on the job in 2016, 990 in construction -an average of nearly 14 workers die every day -797 Hispanic or Latino workers were killed from work-related injuries in 2013 -Nearly 3 million serious workplace injuries and illnesses were reported by private industry employers in 2012

Types of GFCI's

-Circuit Breaker type -Receptacle type -Permanently Mounted type -Portable type -Cord Connected type

testing GFCI's

-GFCI's must be tested on a regular basis -For permanently mounted types, once a month testing is recommended -portable GFCI's should be tested before each use -GFCI's have a test-circuit which imposes an artificial ground fault when the test button is pused

you have the right to

-a safe and healthful workplace -know about hazardous chemicals -report injury to employer -complain or request hazard correction from employer -training -hazard exposure and medical records -file a complaint with OSHA -participate in an OSHA inspection -be free from retaliation for exercising safety and health rights

GFCI: cord connected type

-attachment plug incorporates the GFCI module -protects the cord, and any equipment attached to the cord -attachment has non-standard appearance -equipped with test and reset buttons -no-voltage release feature

when picking up items with a powered industrial truck, workers must do the following

-center the load on the forks closest to the mast to minimize tipping of the truck or the load -avoid overloading a lift truck because it impairs control and causes tipping over -do not place extra weight on the rear of a counterbalanced forklift to allow an overload -adjust the load to the lowest position when traveling -follow the truck manufacturer operational requirements -pile and cross-tier all stacked loads correctly when possible

OSHA training and education should reduce workplace hazards by emphasizing:

-dangers of lifting without proper training -avoidance of unnecessary physical stress and strain -awareness of what a worker can comfortably handle without undue strain -use of equipment properly -recognition of potential hazards and how to prevent or correct them

workers are often struck by:

-heavy equipment and vehicles, like trucks and cranes -falling or flying objects, like tools and flying particles -concrete or masonry walls that are being constructed

General Safety Guidelines for Power Tools

-know the power tool -ground all tools unless double insulated -avoid dangerous environments. do not use power tools in a damp, wet, and or explosive atmosphere -be aware of all power lines and electrical circuits, water pipers, and other mechanical hazards in your work area, particularly those below the work surface -wear proper apparel. do not wear loose clothing, dangling objects or jewelry. long hair must be restrained -there are several types of power tools: electric, pneumatic, liquid fuel, hydraulic, and powder actuated -employees should be trained in the use of all tools

GFCI: Permanently Mounted type

-mounted in an enclosure and designed to be permanently wired to the supply -frequently used around commercial swimming pols or similar wet locations

the following general precautions should be observed by power tool users

-never carry a tool by the cord or hose -never yank the cord -keep the cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp edges -disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing, and when changing blades, bits, and cutters -all observes should be kept at a safe distance away from the work area -secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands to operate the tool -avoid accidental starting. workers should not hold a finger on the switch button while carrying a plugged in tool

common jobs with lead exposure

-painting -building renovation -radiator repair -bridge work -shooting range work -demolition -battery manufacturing -metal production -metal scrap cutting and recycling -ceramic work -soldering -plumbing

GFCI: Portable type

-some plug directly into non-GFCI outlets -incorporate no-voltage release device which will disconnect power to the outlets if any supply conductor is open -units for outdoor use will be in suitable enclosure -will be listed if for rain use

what safeguards must workers follow when stacking materials?

-stack lumber no more than 16 feet high manually, 20 ft high if using a forklift -remove all nails from lumber before stacking -stack and level lumber on solidly supported bracing -ensure that stacks are stable and self-supporting -do not store pipes and bars in racks that face main ailes to avoid creating a hazard to passersby when removing supplies -stack bags and bundles in interlocking rows to keep secure -stack bagged material by stepping back the layers and cross-keying the bags at least every 10 layers

Material Handling: what are the potential hazards for workers?

-the weight and the bulkiness of the objects that are lifted (can cause back injuries) -falling objects, improperly stacked materials, various types of equipment -strains and sprains from lifting loads improperly or too heavy -fractures and bruises caused by being struck by materials or by being caught in pinch points -cuts and bruises caused by falling materials that have been improperly stored or by incorrectly cutting ties or other securing devices

to prevent struck by vehicle deaths:

-wear a seat belt -make sure all vehicles are inspected before each shift -have a reverse alarm and someone helping you back up -don't drive in areas that are not safely constructed or maintained -all forklift drivers must be trained and certified -if you are working in traffic, use traffic signs and barricades and stay out of blind spots

to prevent injury from oversize loads, workers should seek help in the following:

-when a load is so bulky that the employees cannot properly grasp or lift it -when employees cannot properly see around or over a load -when an employee cannot safely handle a load

3 ways to prevent a ladder from falling

1. choose the right ladder for the job 2. tie the top and bottom of the ladder to fixed points when necessary 3. don't carry tools or other materials in hand while climbing the ladder

5 basic safety rules to avoid hazards of power tools

1. keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance 2. use the right tool for the job 3. examine each tool for damage before use 4. operate according to the manufacturer's instructions 5. provide and use the proper protective equipment

OSHA 4 general elements that are critical to the development of a successful safety and health management system

1. management leadership and employee involvement 2. work-site analysis 3. hazard prevention and control 4. safety and health training

all hoses exceeding ________ diameter shall have a safety device at the source of supply or branch line to reduce pressure in case of hose failure

1/2 inch

rungs, cleats, and steps of portable and fixed ladders must not be spaced less than _______ inches apart, and no more than _____ inches apart

10;14

the front edge of all platforms must not be more than _____ inches from the face of the work

14

minimum clear distance between the sides of individual rung/step ladders and between the side rails of other fixed ladders must be:

16 inches

the maximum distance from the face for plastering and lathing operations must be _______ inches

18

handrails must be able to sustain, without failure, ______ lbs of weight applied

200

adults with levels of lead in their blood above _____ ug/dL should be seen by a doctor

30

silica: if a worker needs to use a respirator on ______ or more days a year, he or she would need to be offered a medical exam

30

handrails must not be more than ______ inches high nor less than _____ inches from the upper surface of the handrail to the surface of the tread

37; 30

materials stored shall not be placed within _____ feet of hoist way/floor openings, nor within _____ feet or an exterior wall which doesn't extend above material

6; 10

General Req for Ladders

Anytime there is a break in elevation that is 19 inches or more, you need a ladder, a runway, a ramp, anything to help. 19 is significant because the rung spacing on a ladder is no more than 6.75 inches. Anything above 19 inches increases our chances of falling -when there are more than two points of access between levels -ladders must be capable of supporting at least 4 times the max intended load (max intended load by OSHA is = 250lbs -extra heavy duty ladders must sustain at least 3.3 times the max intended load -only heavy duty, or extra heavy duty, ladders should be used on campus -shall have a surface that does not cause punctures or lacerations, and must prevent the snagging of clothing -wood ladders shall not be coated with any opaque covering, such as paint

CTD

Cumulative trauma disorders- injuries that result from continuous or repetitive motions over prolonged periods of time

Hazards and Injuries dealing with Ladders

Falls on the same level, falls to the next lower level, sprains strains, fractures, cuts and punctures, death

Type of ladders and corresponding loads

IAA*-special duty-rugged use-375 lb load IA-extra duty-industrial use-300 lb load I- heavy duty- industrial use- 250 lb load II- medium duty- commercial use- 225 lb load III- light duty- household use- 200 lb load

PPE is the ________ level of control

LAST

OSHA requirement for personal fall arrest systems

OSHA requires workers to wear a full-body harness when they are working on a suspended scaffold more than 10 feet above the working surface, or when they are working in a bucket truck or an aerial lift

Definition of OSHA

OSHA- Occupational Safety and Health Administration, an agency of the US Department of Labor - their responsibility is to improve worker safety and health protection -1970 President Nixon signed the OSH Act. This created OSHA

PPE

Personal Protective Equipment

Why was OSHA created?

Worker Protection is the Law: The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) -OSHA was created to provide workers the right to a safe and healthful workplace -it is the duty of the employers to provide workplaces that are free of known dangers that could harm their employees -this law also gives workers important rights to participate in activities to ensure their protection from job hazards

Training

Workers have a right to get training from employers on a variety of health and safety hazards and safety standards that employers must follow -some required training covers topics such as, chemical hazards, equipment hazards, noise, confined spaces, fall hazards in construction, personal protective equipment, along with a variety of other subjects -training must be in a language and vocabulary that workers can understand

Complain and Request Corrections

Workers may bring up safety and health concerns in the workplace to their employers without fear of discharge or discrimination -OSHA rules protect workers who raise concerns to their employer or OSHA about unsafe or unhealthful conditions in the workplace

definition of a step ladder

a portable, self-supporting, A-frame ladder. it has two front side rails and two rear side rails.

among professionals, the ______________ is probably the most commonly used power saw and perhaps the most commonly abused

circular saw

what is ergonomics?

defined as the study of work and is based on the principle that the job should be adapted to fit the person rather than forcing the person to fit the job -focuses on the work environment, such as its design and function, as well as items-such as the design and function of work stations, controls, displays, safety devices, tools, and lighting to fit the employees' physical requirements and to ensure their health and well being.

the top four causes of death in construction sites are:

falls, caught in betweens, struck bys, and electrocution

stairways with _______ or more risers, or that rise more than ____ inches in height must have a hand rail

four; 30

GFCI

ground-fault circuit inerrupter

definition of hand tools

hand tools are non-powered. they include anything from axes to wrenches. the greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from misuse and improper maintenance -the greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from misuse and improper maintenance

using non-self-supporting ladders vs. using wooden ladders

horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder is approx : 1/4 the length of the working ladder; 1/8 the length of the working ladder

work practice controls

if employees can change the way they do their jobs and the exposure to the potential hazard is removed, then the hazard can be eliminated with a work practice control

engineering controls

if the work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to potential hazard, then the hazard can be eliminated with an engineering control

what are spark resistant tools?

name given to tools made of metals such as brass, bronze, monel metal, cooper-aluminum alloys, copper-beryllium alloys, and titanium -preferred "non-sparking" metals have less tensile strength than steels usually used to make tools -it also means that these tools are softer, wear down more quickly than ordinary steel tools, and have to be dressed more frequently

if the handles of a tool could contact electrical conductors they must be of what type of material?

non-conductive material

OSHA is issuing two standards to protect workers from exposure to respirable crystalline silica in order to allow employers to tailor solutions to the specific conditions in their workplace:

one for construction and the other for general industry and maritime

pneumatic tools

powered by compressed air and include chippers, drills, hammers, and sanders -biggest danger: getting hit by one of the tool's attachments or by some kind of fastener the worker is using with the tool

guidelines for working with compressed air

reduce air pressure to 30 psi if used for cleaning, and use only with the guards and proper PPE

exposure to respirable silica can cause:

silicosis, lung cancer, other respiratory diseases, and kidney disease

Voluntary Protection Program (VPP)

the 3 VPPs (Star, Merit, and Demonstration) are designed to recognize outstanding acheivements by companies that have successfully incorporated comprehensive safety and health programs into their total management systems. The VPPs motivate others to achieve excellent safety and health results in the same outstanding way as they establish a cooperative relationship between employers, employees, and OSHA

Electric tools must either have a _______________, ______________, or ______________ to be considered safe

three-wire cord with ground and be grounded; be double insulated; be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer

powered abrasive grinding, cutting, polishing, and wire buffing wheels create special safety problems because they may do what?

throw off flying fragments

what is a ladder jack scaffold?

triangle-shaped brackets called "ladder jacks" are attached to portable ladders, which are used on each side of a ladder jack scaffold to form a means of support for a platform

compressor system: the most common problem is _______ in compressed air

water

when must eye protection be provided

when these hazards are present: -dust and flying particles -corrosive gases, vapors, liquids -molten metal that may splash -aids, blood, and other hazardous liquid chemicals -intense light from welding

Sources for Help Outside of the Workplace

-OSHA Webiste and offices -compliance assistance specialists in the area -national institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH)-OSHA's sister agency OSHA Training Institure Education Centers Doctors, nurses, other health care providers -Public Libraries -other local community-based resources

Information About Injuries and Illnesses

-OSHA's Record keeping rule requires most employers with more than 10 workers to keep a log of injuries and illnesses -Workers have the right to report an injury and review current log -Workers also have the right to view the annually posted summary of the injuries and illnesses (OSHA 300A)

All workers have the right to

-a safe workplace -raise a safety or health concern with the employer or OSHA, or report a work related injury or illness without being retaliated against -receive info and training about the job and job space -request an OSHA inspection of your workplace while keeping your name confidential -participate in an OSHA inspection -see any OSHA citations issued to your employer -request copies of your medical records, tests that measure hazards in the workplace, and the workplace injury and illness log

Major protective methods from electrical hazards

-distance isolation and guarding (restricting access) -enclosure of electrical parts -grounding (required for all non-current carrying exposed metal parts) -insulation -de-energizing and grounding (protective method used by electrical utilities and aslo in conjunction with electrical lockouts -PPE

General Industry

-each group reviews the handout and discusses the industry-specific scenario -groups need to determine what information would be important to include in their complaint -have the class discuss the group's results: --what was included in the complaint? -what was added to the complaint?

Right to: Participate in OSHA Inspections

-employee representative can accompany OSHA inspector -workers can take to the inspector privately -workers may point out hazards, describe injuries, illnesses or near misses that resulted from those hazards and describe any concern you have about a safety or health issue -workers can find out about inspection results, abatement measures and may object to dates set for violation to be corrected

Sources to get help from Within Your Workplace

-employer or supervisor, coworkers and union representatives, Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for info on chemicals, lables and warning signs, employee orientation manuals or other training materials, work tasks and procedures instruction

Your right to: Information on Hazardous Chemicals

-employers must have a written complete hazard communication program that includes information on -container labeling -safety data sheets -worker training (the training must include the physical and health hazards of the chemicals and how workers can protect themselves)

facts about falls in construction

-every day, 4 construction workers die on the job -falls are the most common cause of fatal injuries to construction workers -the consequences of a fall affect not only the worker, but also his or her family and community -construction falls can be prevented -ladders are one of the most common pieces of equipment on a construction site but that doesn't mean that they are safe.

the basics of scaffold safety

-every supported scaffold and its components must support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load (where intended load= sum of the weights of all personnel, tools and materials that will be placed on the scaffold) -each rope on a suspended scaffold must support the scaffold's weight and at least 6 times the intended load -scaffold platforms must be at least 18 inches wide and guardrails must be used if working 10 ft or mor above ground level. guardrails must be between 39 and 45 inches high and midrails must be installed halfway between the top rail and the platform surface.

Most frequently cited serious violations in cosntruction

-fall protection (residential construction) -ladders (not extended 3 feet above landing) -eye and face protection (use of appropriate protection) -fall protection (training for those exposed to fall hazards) -fall protection(unprotected sides and edges) -head protection (use of protection) -aerial lifts (fall protection) -scaffolds (fall protection) -fall protection (roofing work on low-sloped roofs) -general safety & health provision (inspections by a competent person)

OSHA standards to protect workers from asbestos

-general industry -shipyards -construction

stairway safety

-has to be within the design requirements -safe work practices -inspection

How GFCI's work:

-if the current flowing in the black (ungrounded) wire is within 5 mA of the current flowing in the white (grounded) all the current will flow in the normal path -if the current differs by more than 5mA, the GFCI will quickly open the circuit (if the equipment grounding conductor is properly installed and maintained, this will happen as soon as the faulty tool is plugged in

Types of OSHA Inspections

-imminent danger -fatality or hospitalizations -worker complaints/referrals -targeted inspections-local emphasis program (LEP), national emphasis program (NEP), particular hazards or industries -follow-up inspections

GFCI: Circuit Breaker type

-includes the functions of a standard circuit breaker with the additional function of a GFCI -installed in a panelboard and can protect an entire branch circuit with multiple outlets -a direct replacement for a standard circuit breaker of the same rating

GFCI: Receptacle type

-incorporates within one device one or more receptacle outlets, protected by the GFCI -popular and inexpensive -most are of duplex type -can protect additional non-GFCI type receptacles connected "downstream"

Electricity: how do we prevent these results from electrocutions?

-inspect all electrical equipment before use -use GFCI with all power tools -use intact and properly rated cords -do not use damaged equipment-take it out of service -institute an assured equipment grounding conductor program. -do not work in wet conditions with electricity

OSHA Standards also

-limit the amount of hazardous chemicals, substances, or noise that workers can be exposed to -require the use of certain safe work practices and equipment -require employers to monitor certain hazards and keep records of workplace injuries and illnesses

safe ladder use- do:

-maintain 3 point contact when climbing/descending a ladder -face the ladder when climbing/descending -keep the body inside the side rails -use extra care when getting on or off the ladder at the top or bottom. avoid tipping the ladder over sideways or causing the ladder base to slide out -carry tools in a belt or raise tools up using a hand line. never carry tools in your hand while climbing up or down a ladder -keep ladders free of any slippery materials -extend the top of the ladder three feet above the landing.

general rules for electrical work

-must use non-conductive PPE, no metal PPE -be alert to electrical hazards, especially when working with ladders, scaffolds and other platforms -never bypass electrical protective systems and devices -disconnect cord tools when not in use and when changing blades, bits or other accessories -inspect all tools before use use only grounded extension cords -remove damaged tools and damaged extension cords from use -keep working spacers and walkways clear of electrical cords

electrical safety tips

-never assume that a wire is safe to touch even if it is down or appears to be insulated -never touch a fallen overhead power line -stay at least 10 feet away from overhead wires during cleanup and other activities -never operate electrical equipment while you are standing in water -never repair electrical cords or equipment unless qualified and authorized -have a qualified electrician inspect electrical equipment that has gotten wet before energizing it -use a GFCI if working in damp locations

safe ladder use: don'ts

-place a ladder on boxes, barrels, or unstable boxes -use a ladder on soft ground or unstable footing exceed the ladder's maximum load rating -tie two ladders together to make them longer -ignore nearby overhead power lines -move or shift a ladder with a person or equipment on the ladder -lean out beyond the ladder's side rails use an extension ladder horizontally like a platform

Employers must

-provide employees a workplace free from recognized hazards -understand that it is illegal to retaliate against an employee for using their rights -comply with all standards that are applicable by OSHA -report to OSHA any and all work related fatalities within 8 hours, and all inpatient hospitalizations, amputations, and losses of an eye within 24 hours -provide required training to all workers in a language and vocabulary they can undersand -provide training to all employees in a language and capacity that they can understand -prominently display OSHA poster in the workplace -post OSHA citations near or at that place of alleged violations

How to identify safety and health problems in the workplace

-review the handout to become more aware of the workplace hazards

What are OSHA Standards

-rules that describe the methods employers must use to protect employees from hazards -designed to protect workers from a wide range of hazards -four groups: general industry (the set that applies to the largest # of workers and worksites), construction, maritime, agriculture -where there are no specific standards, employers must comply with the General Duty Clause of the OSH Act

Who is not covered under the OSH Act?

-self employed -immediate family members of farm employers who do not employ outside employees -workplace hazards regulated by another federal agency

more safe work practices for ladders

-short ladders shall not be spliced together to make longer ladders unless they are designed to do so -ladders shall not be moved, shifted, or extended while occupied -minimize your weight, don't carry anything in your hands while climbing. Pull it with a rope or have someone hand it to you -ladder shall not be used as a horizontal working surface, unless designed specifically for this purpose

3 major components of a personal fall arrest system (PFAS)

-the anchor and the anchorage connector -the connecting device, which is a lanyard or a retractable lifeline with snaphooks -the full-body harness

rules for using safety nets

-the nets must be as close as practicable under the working surface, but never more than 30 feet below -the safety net must be inspected every week for damage -each net must have a border rope with a min strength of 5000 lbs -the safety net must extend outward a sufficient distance, depending on how far the net is from the working surface -the safety net must absorb the force of a 400 lb bag of sang dropping on to the net ("The Drop Test") -items in the net that could be dangerous must be removed as soon as possible

OSHA standards require that workers have fall protection when working on a scaffold 10 or more feet above the ground. OSHA requires the following:

-the use of a guardrail or personal fall arrest system when working on a supported scaffold -both a guardrail and a personal fall arrest system when working on a single-point or two-point suspended scaffold -a personal fall arrest system when working on an aerial lift

Rules for using guardrails

-toprails must be at least 1/4 inches thick to prevent cuts and lacerations; and they must be between 39 and 45 inches from the working surface -if wire rope is used, it must be flagged at least every six feet with highly visible materials -midrails, screens, or mesh must be installed when there are no walls at least 21 inches high. screens and mesh much extend from the toprail to the working level. -there can be no openings more than 19 inches -the toprail must withstand at least 200 lbs of force. the midrail must withstand 150 lbs of force. toeboards at least 3.5 inches tall and withstand 50 lbs of force -the system must be smooth enough to protect workers from cuts and getting their clothes snagged by a rail -if guardrails are used around holes at points of access, like a ladderway, a gate must be used to prevent someone from falling through the hole, or be offset so that a person cannot walk directly into the hole

Ladder rules

-use a ladder that can sustain at least four times the max intended load, except that each extra-heavy duty type 1A metal or plastic ladder shall sustain at least 3.3 times the max intended load (do not exceed the load rating and always factor in the weight of tools, materials, and equipment)

Rules for Temporary Wiring and Lighting

-use ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCIs) on all 15 am and 20 amp temporary wiring circuits -protect temporary lights from contact and damage -don't suspend temporary lights by cords, unless the temporary light is so designed

Right to: Be Free from Retaliation

-workers have the right to be free from retaliation for exercising safety and health rights -workers have a right to seek safety and health on the job without fear of punishment this right is spelled out in section 11(c) of the OSH Act -workers have 30 days to contact OSHA if they feel they have been punished for exercising their safety and health rights

File a Complaint with OSHA

-workers may file a confidential complaint with OSHA if they beleive a violation of a safety or health standad, or an imminent danger situation, exists in the workplave -workers may request that their name not be revealed to the employer -if a worker files a complaint, they have the right to find out OSHA's action on the complaint and request a review if an inspection is not made

3 different types of ladders

1. step ladders 2. straight ladders 3. extension ladders

Examine Exposure and Medical Records

1910.1020: right to examine and copy records -examples of toxic substances and harmful agents are: metal and dusts, biological agents, physical stress

your employer must provide safe access to the scaffold when a platform is more than _____ feet above or below the point of access

2

Employers must pay for PPE

2008- OSHA rule about employer payment for PPE went into effect. Now, employers must pay for PPE used to comply with OSHA standards. -standards make it clear that employers cannot require workers to provide their own PPE and the worker's use of PPE they already own must be completely voluntary.

Top rail dimensions

42+-3 inches 21+-3 for midway 50 pound for toe board

What is Asbestos

a naturally occurring mineral fiber. it was used in numerous building materials and vehicle products for its strength and ability to resist heat and corrosion before its dangerous health effects were discovered

ladder rules

a person must visually inspect all extension ladders before use for any defects such as: missing rungs, bolts, cleats, screws, and loose components. where a ladder has these or other defects, it must be immediately marked as defective or tagged with "Do Not Use" or similar language.

ladder rules

allow sufficient room to step off the ladder safely, keep the area around the bottom and the top of the ladder clear of equipment, material, and tools. if access is obstructed, secure the top of the ladder to a rigid support that will not deflect, and add a grasping device to allow workers safe access

Personal Fall Arrest Systems rules

an anchorage for workers' personal fall arrest equipment must be independent of any anchorage used to support or suspend platforms, and it mus be able to support at least 5000 lbs per worker attached to it.

Electricity: what are the hazards?

bodily contact with electricity, ungrounded or damaged equipment, wet conditions, etc

Personal Fall Arrest Systems rules:

body belts cannot be used for fall arresting service. a body belt is allowed as a part of a positioning system (one way to prevent falls from occurring)

forklifts

center the load on the forks and as close to the mast as possible to keep the forklift balanced, place the load at the lowest position for traveling, don't place an extra weight on the rear of a counterbalanced forklift to allow an overload

Cranes

check the load chart in the cab, frequently inspect, never lift people, check overhead power lines, ensure area of travel is clear

Personal Fall Arrest Systems rules

connectors must be made from steel or equivalent materials -d rings and snaphooks must have a minimum tensile strength of 5000 lbs -snaphooks must be a locking-type (they are generally double-locking) and designed to prevent the snaphook from opening and slipping off the connector -snaphooks cannot be directly connected to the webbing, rope or wire, to each other, to a d ring, a horizontal lifeline, etc

Best way to protect workers

controlling a hazard at its source

Electricity: what should we look for?

damaged equipment, faulty wiring, improper cord use, no GFCIs, wet conditions, reverse polarity, potential arc flash areas, lack of assured equipment grounding conductor program

Inspection for ladders

defective ladders hsould be mared as defective or "DO NOT USE" -defective ladders shall be removed -ladders should be inspected regularly

Personal Fall Arrest Systems rules

each worker mus be attached to separate vertical lifelines -the webbing (which is the materials used for ropes and straps of lifelines, lanyards, and harnesses) must be made of synthetic fibers

State and local government workers

employees who work for the state and local governments are not covered by Federal OSHA, but have OSH Act protections if they work in those states that have an OSHA state approved program

PPE (longer definition)

equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards. examples: gloves, foot and eye protection, protective hearing protection (earbuds, earplugs, muffs), hard hats, and respirators

Common Most Frequently Cited Standards:

fall protection, hazard communication, scaffolding, respiratory protection, electrical, powered industrial trucks, ladders

special ladders

fixed ladders: -for fixed ladders where the length of a climb equals or exceeds 2 feet, additional safety devices are required -contact EHS for more info

how to determine ladder angle

for every 4 feet high the surface is/ladder is, the base should be 1 foot out from the wall. ex: 10 ft high roof. use at least a 14 ft ladder and the base should be 2.5 feet from the wall

counterweights for suspended scaffolds must be able to resist at least _______ times the tipping moment

four

all 120 volt, single phase 15 and 20 ampere receptacle outlets on construction sites shall have approved ____________?

ground fault circuit interrupters for personnel protection

sling inspection

inspect slings: -each day before use immediately remove damaged or defective slings from service

operating a forklift safely

keeps arms and legs inside the truck, handle stable loads, keep speed low, be careful when making sharp turns, if a load blocks your view, travel in reverse, no rides, unless there is an approved seat, don't drive with forks raised, wear safety belts or other restraint devices

Safe work practices

ladders shall be -placed with a secure footing -lashed/tied -held in position extend at least 3 feet above the top level of thing the ladder is leaning against -highest standing level: 4th rung from the top -maintain 3 points of contact with the ladder at all times --2 hands 1 foot, 2 feet 1 hand etc -for every 4 feet of height from the ground to point of support, place the base of the ladder out one foot ((4:1 Ration)=75 degree angle) maintain a 10 foot clearance from wires when on a ladder

ladder rules

ladders shall have nonconductive side rails if they are used where the worker or the ladder could contact exposed energized electrical equipment. keep all ladders and other tools at least 10 feet away from any power lines

Personal Fall Arrest Systems rules

must be inspected for damage each time before you wear it

Electricity: what can lead to an electrocution while using power tools?

non double-insulated tools damaged cord, wet conditions

Earthmoving Equipment

scrapers, loaders crawler, wheel tractors, bulldozers, off-highway trucks, graders, tractors must provide seat belts!!!! equipment with an obstructed rear view can't be used in reverse unless the equipment has a signal alarm

ladder rules

set the base of the ladder so that the bottom sits securely and so both side rails are evenly supported. the ladder rails should be square to the structure against which it is leaning with both footpads placed securely on a stable and level surface

ladder rules

set the ladder at the proper angle. when a ladder is leaned against the wall, the bottom of it should be one quarter of the ladder's working length away from the wall. for access to an elevated work surface, extend the top of the ladder three feet above that surface or secure the ladder at its top

Electricity: What are the results?

shock, fire, burns, falls, or death

if you are more than ______ feet above the lower surface, some type of fall protection must be used by your employer

six

your lifeline must be tied back to a _______ __________ capable of withstanding __________ lbs of dead weight per person tied off to it

structural anchorage; 5,000

OSHA Inspections

the OSH Act authorizes OSHA compliance safety and health officers (CSHOs) to conduct workplace inspections at reasonable times -OSHA conducts inspections without advance notice, except in rare circumstances -in fact, anyone who tells an employer about an OSHA inspection in advance can receive fines and a jail term

Personal Fall Arrest Systems rules

the attachment location of the body harness must be in the center of your back, near the shoulder level or above your head

Lockout/Tagout

the common name for an OSHA standard ("the control of hazardous energy")

where is the hazard of asbestos?

the hazard may occur during manufacturing of asbestos-containing products; performing break or clutch repairs, renovating or demolishing buildings or ship

how OSHA determines whether retaliation took place with a complaint

the investigation must reveal that: -the employee engaged in protected activity -the employer knew about or suspected the protected activity -the employer took an adverse action -the protected activity motivated or contributed to the adverse action

OSHA's Mission

the mission of OSHA is to assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance.

What are GFCI's (ground fault circuit interrupters) designed to do?

they are designed to sense an imbalance in current flow over the normal path -they have a special sensor that monitors the strength of the magnetic field around each wire in the circuit when the current is flowing -the field is proportional to the amount of current flow

Personal Fall Arrest Systems rules

vertical lifelines or lanyards must have a minimum breaking strength of 5000 lbs and be protected against being cut or abraded

Types of Violations

willful, serious, other-than-serious, repeated, failure to abate

How to file an OSHA complaint

you can file a complaint by visiting or calling the local OSHA office or sending a written complaint to the closest OSHA regional or area office