Osteoporosis (smartypance.com)

After what age is approximately 1% of bone mass is lost each year?

*After age 30*, approximately 1% of bone mass is lost each year

What medication class is first line therapy for prevention & treatment of osteoporosis?

*Bisphosphonates* are first line therapy for prevention & treatment of osteoporosis.

What test is done to confirm a diagnosis of osteoporosis?

*Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry tests* for bone density and is used to make a definitive diagnosis of osteoporosis.

What complication has been associated with the use of bisphosphonates?

*Osteonecrosis of the jaw* has been associated with the use of bisphosphonates

What type of fractures are a common finding in osteoporosis?

*Vertebral compression fractures* are a common finding in osteoporosis.

What instructions should be provided to all patients who take oral bisphosphonates?

Oral bisphosphonates must be *taken on an empty stomach* with a *full (8-oz, 250 mL) glass of water*, and the patient *must remain upright for at least 30 min*

What bone mineral density score is diagnostic of osteopenia?

A bone mineral density test giving a *T-score of less than or equal to -1 to - 2.4* is diagnostic of osteopenia

What bone mineral density score is diagnostic of osteoporosis

A bone mineral density test giving a *T-score of less than or equal to -2.5* is diagnostic of osteoporosis

What is Denosumab (Prolia) and how does it function?

Denosumab is a *monoclonal antibody* used to treat osteoporosis by *binding to RANKL, inhibiting osteoclast maturation* as a osteoprotegerin mimic

What lab values distinguishes osteoporosis from osteomalacia?

Normal lab values of serum *calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and alkaline phosphatase*, which distinguishes osteoporosis from osteomalacia.