Overview of Genetics, Ch. 1 Exam 1

Which type of molecule is a linear sequence of amino acids? A. A polypeptide B. A nucleotide C. A carbohydrate D. A nucleic acid

A. A polypeptide

An enzyme is a protein that ... A. Accelerates a chemical reaction B. Assembles into long fibers that provide internal organization for a cell C. Contains genetic information D. Transports ions or small molecules across the cell membrane

A. Accelerates a chemical reaction

Genetic variation is ultimately based upon which of the following? A. Morphological differences B. Variations in nucleotide sequence of the DNA C. Carbohydrate content of the cell D. Translation

B. Variations in nucleotide sequence of the DNA

What underlies the majority of the genetic variation among individuals within a population? A. Differences in the timing and location of gene expression B. Differences in the number of chromosomes C. Differences in the nucleotide sequence of DNA D. Differences in the number of genes

C. Differences in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

What are the subunits of DNA? A. Polypeptides B. Chromosomes C. Nucleotides D. Amino Acids

C. Nucleotides

In living cells, DNA is found in large structures called ..., which are contained in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

Chromosomes

A variation of a gene is called a ... A. Species B. Morph C. Genome D. Allele E. Proteome

D. Allele

Sperm and egg cells are also called ... A. Morphs B. Homologs C. Somatic cells D. Gametes

D. Gametes

A characteristic that an organism displays is called ... A. A gene B. A chromosome C. DNA D. Gene expression E. A trait

E. A trait

What type of RNA contains the information required to synthesize a protein?

Messenger RNA

Genes are often described according to the way they affect the characteristics of an organism, which are called ...

Traits

A cell or organism that contains two copies of every chromosome is said to be ...

diploid

The surroundings in which an organism exists are called its ...

environment

A protein that can accelerate a chemical reaction is called a ...

enzyme

During sexual reproduction, the process in which gametes unite to restore the diploid number of chromosomes is called ...

fertilization

Differences in inherited traits among individuals within a population are referred to as ... variation.

genetic

Most genes contain the information to direct the synthesis of a polypeptide. The order of amino acids in the polypeptide is specified according to the ... code.

genetic

One of the main advantages of sexual reproduction is that it increases ... variation.

genetic

The branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation is ...

genetics

A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes is called ...

haploid

In a DNA molecule, information is contained in the sequence of the ... A. Nitrogenous bases B. Fatty acids C. Amino acids

nitrogenous bases

A DNA molecule is a linear sequence of subunits called ...

nucleotides

In a multicellular organism, cells that are not directly involved in sexual reproduction are called ... cells.

somatic

What are alleles? A. Alternative versions of the same gene B. Different genes that have similar functions C. Similar genes that are found in different species

A. Alternative versions of the same gene

What are the four nitrogen-containing bases found in the nucleotides that make up DNA? A. Guanine B. Uracil C. Adenine D. Cytosine E. Thymine F. Ribose G. Deoxyribose H. Methionine

A. Guanine C. Adenine D. Cytosine E. Thymine

In a diploid organism, the two copies of a chromosome are referred to as ... A. Homologs B. Alleles C. Gametes D. Genomes

A. Homologs

What are the four categories of large organic molecules found in cells? A. Lipids B. Carbohydrates C. Nucleic acids D. Amino Acids E. Proteins F. Organelles G. Nucleotides

A. Lipids B. Carbohydrates C. Nucleic acids E. Proteins

What is a macromolecule? A. A molecule composed of two or more different types of molecules B. A molecule composed of repeating units of smaller building blocks C. A molecule that affects the size of a cell

B. A molecule composed of repeating units of smaller building blocks

Which of the following are correct descriptions of a gene? A. A chromosome B. A unit of heredity C. One or more polypeptides with a specific function D. A segment of DNA that produces a functional product E. A characteristic of an organism

B. A unit of heredity D. A segment of DNA that produces a functional product

Which of the following are correct descriptions of a gene? A. An entire chromosome B. A unit of heredity C. The complete set of information inside a cell D. A segment of DNA that produces a functional product E. A segment of DNA that influences one or more traits of an organism

B. A unit of heredity D. A segment of DNA that produces a functional product E. A segment of DNA that influences one or more traits of an organism

The basic unit of heredity is the ... A. Individual B. Gene C. Macromolecule D. Trait

B. Gene

What is the proteome? A. The functional product of a gene B. The complete set of proteins that a cell makes at a given time C. An organelle that degrades old and damaged proteins D. An organelle that synthesizes new proteins

B. The complete set of proteins that a cell makes at a given time

What is translation? A. The synthesis of RNA based on the sequence of DNA B. The synthesis of a polypeptide based on the sequence of mRNA C. The synthesis of DNA based on the sequence of a polypeptide

B. The synthesis of a polypeptide based on the sequence of mRNA

What is gene expression? A. The analysis of the complete set of genes that a specific cell or organism contains. B. The use of a gene sequence to affect he characteristics of a cell or organism. C. The process of copying the complete genetic information of a cell in preparation for cell division.

B. The use of a gene sequence to affect he characteristics of a cell or organism.

What is evolution? A. The tendency of organisms to become more complex over time B. The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in a given environment C. Change in the DNA sequence of an individual in response to environmental changes D. Change in the genetic makeup of a population from one generation to the next

D. Change in the genetic makeup of a population from one generation to the next

Where are the chromosomes located in a eukaryotic cell? A. In the endoplasmic reticulum B. Attached to ribosomes C. In the cytoplasm D. In the nucleus

D. In the nucleus

What is the main function of a cell's genetic material? A. It accelerates chemical reactions. B. It provides structural stability for cells. C. It is an important component of the cell membrane. D. It encodes proteins.

D. It encodes proteins

The building blocks of DNA are the ... A. Amino Acids B. Carbohydrates C. Enzymes D. Nucleotides E. Lipids

D. Nucleotides

T/F: All living organisms have genetic material composed of DNA.

True

T/F: An organism's environment can affect its morphological and physiological traits.

True

The functional product of most genes is a ...

polypeptide

A gene is a segment of DNA that produces a functional product, which is usually a ..., or as a unit of heredity that affects an organism's ...

polypeptide traits

The complete set of proteins that a cell makes at a given time is called its ...

proteome

DNA stores information in the ... of its bases.

sequence

What is the name of the process in which a DNA sequence is copied into an RNA sequence?

transcription