Oxygen Devices Flow Rates and Concentrations

Partial Rebreather Mask

6-10 lpm 40%-60%

Non-Rebreather Mask

6-10 lpm 60%-80%

The nasal cannula is a device that has two prongs that are placed in the patient's nostrils and deliver oxygen at flow rates of 1 to 6 liters per minute.

1 to 6 liters per minute will deliver approximately 24 to 44 percent of oxygen to the patient.

Nasal Catheter

1-6 L/min delivers 24-44% oxygen

Some possible hazards of hyperbaric oxygen therapy include:

1. Central nervous system toxicity resulting in convulsions, twitching, sweating or restlessness. 2. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity. 3. Damage to the eardrum. 4. Blowouts: A blowout is a sudden. decompression of the chamber....

What are the two types of hyperbaric oxygen chambers?

1. Multiplace chambers are walk-in rooms capable of diving many atmospheres below sea level with many people inside. Whole operating rooms. 2. The monoplace chamber is more common, is capable of holding one patient. The monoplace chamber can dive to approximately 3 atmospheres below sea level, it must use 100% oxygen to be therapeutic.

Bag-Valve-Mask

12-15 L/min delivers 90-100% oxygen

Simple Face Mask

6-10 L/min delivers 35-55% oxygen

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy is the use of increased barometric pressure with or without increased oxygen concentrations.

A typical treatment protocol for patients in the hyperbaric chamber involves the patient diving to three atmospheres, once or twice a day for approximately 1 1/2 to 2 hours.

Nasal Cannula. 1-6 L/min flow delivers 24-44% oxygen.

Estimation of FIO2: 1L = 24%, 2L = 28%, 3L = 32%, 4L = 36%, 5L = 40%, 6L = 44%.

The nasal cannula is the most common oxygen device utilized.

Estimation of FIO2: 1L = 24%, 2L = 28%, 3L = 32%, 4L = 36%, 5L = 40%, 6L = 44%.

The nasal catheter is a device that is placed into the nasal passage with a tip of it lying just behind the patient's uvula. The nasal catheter is also operated with between 1 and 6 liters per minute and will deliver approximately 24-44% oxygen to the patient.

Estimation of FIO2: 1L = 24%, 2L = 28%, 3L = 32%, 4L = 36%, 5L = 40%, 6L = 44%.

Low flow oxygen delivery systems are devices that do not supply all the inspired gases so the patient inhales some room air.

Examples of low flow oxygen systems include the nasal catheter, the nasal cannula, the simple mask and the partial and non-rebreathing masks.

High flow systems have 2 major advantages: 1. they deliver a consistent and predictable FIO2 as long as the system is applied properly, and 2. because the entire inspired atmosphere is provided for the patient, the temperature and humidity of the gas can be controlled.

The Disadvantage of the air entrainment for any oxygen mask device is any restriction, clog or occlusion to flow distal to the venturi, total flow will not allow the device to not operate efficiently. This situation will cause the patient to get a higher FiO2 than is set.

The main advantage of oxygen masks is that they allow for the administration of higher percentages of oxygen than the nasal cannula is capable of delivering.

The disadvantages are pressure sores on face, nose or chin from long term use, discomfort in claustrophobic patients, vomit & not able to remove the mask vomitus is trapped assuring aspiration, Carbon Dioxide accumulation if oxygen flow is not high enough, & Patient can not eat with a mask on.

Venturi Mask

Variable 24%-50%

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) - Used as an anesthetic agent is a CNS depressant. Must be mixed with oxygen.

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Non-rebreather mask will theoretically deliver 100% oxygen to the patient. But, because the non-rebreather mask is a low flow device & the variability of the patient's respiratory pattern & rate, it is more practical to expect approximately 60-80% delivery from this device.

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