PAIN MANAGEMENT IN LABORATORY ANIMALS

When judging the potential effect of any procedure, it should be assumed that what would be painful to humans is painful to animals. False True

True

Which type of information can be determined by use of a pain scoring system? Pain relief to an administered analgesic Intensity of pain following a procedure Duration of pain following a procedure All of the Above

All of the Above

Use of analgesics postoperatively causes animals to remove their sutures and increases harm. True False

False

Although pain induces a stress response in the body, the animal's physiological responses are frequently unchanged. False True

False

Analgesics of different classes (e.g., opioids and NSAIDs) all use the same neural pathways to provide pain relief. True False

False

Animals experiencing moderate or severe post-operative pain often have increased appetite. False True

False

Measurement of stress hormone changes is a useful and convenient means of "cage-side" assessing pain in animals. False True

False

Medical records on pain assessment and alleviation are optional for laboratory animals. True False

False

Records of pain assessment and alleviation must be separate from other medical records. False True

False

Respiratory depression is often a problem in laboratory rodents, even when opioids are administered at a clinical dose. False True

False

The principle of refinement aims to refine research procedures so that fewer animals must be used in the experiment. True False

False

Which type(s) of pain may be the result of hypersensitization in some component(s) of the nervous system? Hyperalgesia Allodynia Adaptive pain Pain wind-up

Hyperalgesia Allodynia Pain wind-up

The term "wind-up" pain is most closely synonymous with: Hypersensitization to pain Adaptive pain Neuropathic pain Somatic pain

Hypersensitization to pain

Alleviating pain postsurgically may aid healing. True False

True

Managing pain is a fundamental part of the quality and compassionate care of animals in research. True False

True

Meloxicam is relatively selective in its action as an inhibitor of COX-2, rather than COX-1. True False

True

Pain induces a stress response in the body. True False

True

Reducing the duration and intensity of pain are important refinements in the use of laboratory animals. False True

True

The most accurate assessment of pain in an animal is via a pain scale that is developed for its specific species. True False

True

The neural pathways involved in nociceptive signaling can have their activity and sensitivity to stimuli altered by exposure to pain. True False

True

The presence of pain should be assessed when monitoring an animal's condition. False True

True

How many neurons convey noxious stimuli from peripheral tissues to the brain? Three Two Four One

Three